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COMBINATIONAL DESIGN
February, 20 2022

By:

INRODUCTION
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The purpose of this lab is to understand more on the applications of digital logic gates. In this

lab, we will analyze on other elements such as Counters, Light Emitting Device (LEDs), and 7-

segment display. Before beginning this lab there will be certain concept that needs to be

analyzed. Key concepts such as truth tables, K-maps, Multiplexers and complements should be

known in order to understand the purpose of this lab. There will also be a function that will help

generate the results of the signed outputs which will send signals to other circuits.

THEORY

The main idea in this lab is to be able to familiarize with the one’s and two’s complement. The

whole concept of one’s and two’s complement is to represent negative numbers in binary form. +

 One’s complement: The one’s complement of a number simply inverts each bit

 Two’s complement: The two’s complement is formed by adding a one to the one’s

complement.

For Example:

Decimal Value: 2

Binary Value: 0010

One’s complement: 1101

Two’s complement: 1110

Decimal Value:-2
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MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

 Three bit counter (HD74LS93P)

 Light Emitting Device (LED)

 AND gate

 OR gate

 NOT gate

 Bread Board

 Alligator Clips

 Function generator

 7-segment Display

 Cables/wires

 Dual inline package (330 ohm)

 Power Supply

METHODS

1.) Before building the circuit we made sure we had a schematic representation of the entire

circuit in order to build the circuit. This helped us to build the circuit easily in order to

avoid mistakes.

2.) We first started off by building the network that will power the counter, gates and other

elements on the breadboard. This network was composed of the power supply and the

ground.
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3.) We started placing the counter on the bread board. We made sure that, the counter was

placed between the gaps on the bread board. The purpose of doing this is to allow all the

rows on the bread board get connected to each other.

4.) With the help of a reference sheet, we were able to connect the wires to the right places

on the bread board. Next we placed LEDs at the same node as the input variables in order

to display the inputs of the circuit.

5.) We moved on to the first circuit where we had to build series of gates. The inputs of these

gates come from the counter which represents a signed number. With the help of a

reference sheet, we were able to build the network for the gates.

6.) The outputs of the first circuit was a function which was expressed as F(x) = x+1. The

output was displayed using LEDs therefore we placed the LEDs at the output of the

circuit.

7.) We moved on to the second circuit which will receive the outputs of the first circuit and

convert them into decimal numbers. With the aid of a reference sheets we were able to

connect the wires to the correct pins.

8.) The display is done using a seven segment display. The seven segment display was

connected to a dual inline package which is simply a resistance. The purpose of the dual

inline package is to reduce the brightness light displayed on the seven-segment display.
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TABLES AND K-MAPS

Table 1: Truth Table of Combinational Circuit

2 1 0
2 2 2 X X+1 One’s Two’s
complemen complement
t
0 0 0 0 1 110 0111
0 0 1 1 2 101 0110
0 1 0 2 3 100 0101
0 1 1 3 4 011 0100
1 0 0 -4 -3 001 1010
1 0 1 -3 -2 000 1001
1 1 0 -2 -1 111 0000
1 1 1 -1 0 110 0111

XY
00 01 11 10
Z 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1

Y=AB’

XY
00 01 11 10
Z 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 1
Y=AB’+A’BC

XY
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00 01 11 10
Z 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1

Y=B’C+AB’+A’BC’

XY
00 01 11 10
Z 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1

Y=A’C’+AC

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this lab was to build the circuit were the applications of logic gates played

a very important role. There were certain elements and key terms that were clearly

analyzed. Two different circuit were built were one circuit produced a certain output and

sends it to the other circuit for further interpretations. The uses of LEDs were very

effective because they helped display the counting bits. The schematic diagrams where

helpful because they described the blueprint of the entire circuit. The key terms such as

truth tables, k-maps, multiplexers and one’s and two’s complement aided us in the

understanding of the lab.