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25 views3 pages

Chapter 1

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ks3312457
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REMAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS 10
Chapter 1: REAL NUMBERS
Key Concepts

• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every composite number can be expressed as a product


of primes, and this expression (factorisation) is unique, apart from the order in which the prime
factors occur.

• Theorem: Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2, then p divides a, where a is a positive integer.
• √2, √ 3, √ 5 are irrational numbers.
• The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational number is irrational.
• The product and quotient of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
• For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b. Let x = p/q, p and q are
co-prime, be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then, the prime
factorisation of q is of the form 2 m,5n are non-negative integers.
• Let x = p/q be a rational number such that the prime factorisation of q is not of the form 2m,5n
m, n being non-negative integers. Then, x has a non-terminating repeating decimal expansion

MLP
1. Prove that 3+ √3 is an irrational number. Also show that √2, √3 are irrational numbers.
2. Prove that √3 - √2 is an irrational number.
3. If LCM of two numbers is 2079 and their HCF is 27. If one of the numbers is 297. Find the
other number.
4. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that HCF × LCM = Product of the two given
numbers. [CBSE 2018]
5. The least number divisible by 2,3,7 and 9 is:
(a) 126 (b) 256 (c) 251 (d) 189
Answer: (a) 126
6. If the product of two coprime numbers is 217, then their L.C.M. is
(a) Can’t be determined (b) 217 (c) 651 (d) 434
Answer: (b) 217

7. Two integers p and q are expressed in powers of primes as p = a 15b3ef7 and q = a4bgc2
where a, b, c, d, e, f, g are primes. Then H.C.F. (p, q) is:
(a) a4bg (b) a4b (c) a15b3ef7c2 (d) a4bc2
Answer: a4b
HLP
1. Show that 12n cannot end with digit 0 or 5 for any natural number n.
2. Find the largest number which divides 2053 and 967 leaving remainder 5 and 7 respectively?

HINT: It is given that on dividing 2053 by the required number there is a remainder of 5,
This mean that 2053 - 5 = 2048 is exactly divisible by required number. similarly, 967 - 7 =
960 the required number is the largest number satisfying the above property. Therefore,
it is the HCF of 2048 & 960 HCF of 2048 & 960 is 64 hence required number is 64.

3. Find the greatest number which exactly divides 285 and 1249 leaving remainders 9 and 7
respectively.

4. Find the greatest number that will divide 43,91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder
in each case.
Hint: Here we look at the difference between the given numbers. Let the remainder in
each case be x. then, 43 – x, 91 – x and 183 – x is divisible by the required number.
⇒ (91 – x) – (43 – x), (183 – x) – (91 – x) and (183 – x) – (43 – x) are divisible by
the required number. i.e., (91 – 43), (183 – 91) and (183 – 43) are divisible by the
required number.
Required number
= HCF of (91 – 43), (183 – 91) and (183 – 43)
= HCF (48, 92,140)
As 48 = 24 × 3,92 = 23 × 22, 140=22 5 × 7
∴ HCF = 2 = 4

Thus, 4 is the greatest number that divides 43,91 and 183 leaving same remainder.

5. The set of Mathematics, Physics and Physical Education books have to be stacked in such
a way that all the books are stored topic wise. The number of Mathematics, Physics and
Physical Education books are 14, 18 and 22. Determine the number of stacks of each books
provided books are of the same thickness.

Hint: Firstly, to arrange the books as according to condition, find HCF of 14, 18 and 22.
HCF (14, 18, 22) = 2
⇒ There are only 2 books in each stack.
Now, number of stacks of Mathematics books = 14/2 = 7 Number of stacks of Physics books =
18/2 = 9.
Number of stacks of Physical Education books = 22/2 = 11

6. In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement reason


(R). Choose the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(i) Assertion (A): The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number
is irrational.
Reason (R): Negative of an irrational number is rational.
(ii) Assertion (A): 5 + √3 is an irrational number.
Reason (R): The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational number is always
irrational.

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