CH 1 Complete

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How many countries are there in

the world?
194

112 countries
January, 2020 A*

January, 2021
Dr MYINT KYAW SOE (Cherry Land)
B.Sc hons, M.Sc Nuclear Physics, Ph.D ENP
Physics, JAPAN
Distance (or) distance traveled Displacement

 The length of the path along which  The total distance from initial to final
the body moves position of moving body in particular
direction
 scalar  vector

In SI unit >> m In SI unit >> m

distance
A
Distance = 2pr

Displacement = 0
displacement

B
Average Speed
The average speed of the car during the journey is the
total distance travelled, divided by the time taken for the
journey.

“The rate of change of distance travelled”


Average speed (v)+= Distance moved (s)
Time taken (t)

# Scalar quantity S
# Unit => ms-1 v t
The speed of the car changes from instant to instant as the
accelerator or brake is used. The speedometer therefore shows the
instantaneous speed of the car.
Average Speed
what is velocity?
Velocity is speed in a particular
direction.

“The rate of change of displacement”

Velocity is 50 m/s to left

Average velocity (v)+= increased in Displacement(s)


Time taken (t)
# vector quantity # Unit => ms-1
Time (s) Distance Speed = gradient
(m)
gradient = Dy/Dx
0 0
0.5 5 gradient = 25 m/2.5s
= 100 m/s
1.0 10
1.5 15 Speed = distance / time
2.0 20 Speed = 25 m/2.5s
= 100 m/s
2.5 25
A

0
0.83 m/s
0
1.38 m/s
Distance (km)

v=s
t

3.3 m/s

Time (h)
speed of A = constant speed
speed of B = constant speed
speed => 0 A>B speeding up(acceleration)

speeding down(deceleration) (Go back with constant velocity)


Travelling at constant
speed

Stationary

Travelling at constant speed


Gradient = Speed = distance
time

Speed = 8 = 1 km/h
8
Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocities.


Acceleration = change in velocity
time taken
Acceleration = final velocity (v) –initial velocity (u)
time taken (t)
a = v –u
t

# vector quantity
# Unit => ms-2
Acceleration

A sport car accelerates its velocity from


rest to 50m/s in 5s.

a = v - u
t
a = 50 - 0
5
a = 10 m/s2
Acceleration

V=0 u = 50 km/h

a = v - u
t
a = 0 - 50
5
a = -10 m/s2  Deceleration
Acceleration

U<V U>V
U=V
(Or) (Or)
#a=0
U= 0 V=0
#a=+ #a=-
Velocity-time graph
# The gradient of the graph = acceleration

40 1 m/s2
0 m/s2
V
Velocity (m/s)

30

6 m/s2 -8 m/s2
20 Dy a = gradient = Dy
u-v Dx

10 a = v-u
t

0
U Dx t
5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)
# Area under the line = distance travelled

S1 (0-5) =
S2 (5-10) =

S3 (10-15) =
S4 (15-20) =

Total distance travelled =


Chapter questions

8m/s

10500m (10.5km)
105000m (105km)
630 000 m (630 km)

4000 s
Distance (m)

Time(s)
12

Distance (m)
10
8

6
4
2
0
0
Time (s)
Constant velocity

9m/s.

Total distance ,s= 135 m

Time taken,t = 2.5s x 6 = 15.0s


Average speed ,v = ?
v=s
t
137.5m

u = 20 m/s
a = 3 m/s
t=5s
a = v-u
t
v = u+ at
Average speed is found by dividing the total distance travelled of a body by the
period of time it has taken.
The instantaneous speed is the accurate speed at which the body is travelling at
a moment in time.

Speed is a scalar quantity - it is distance travelled divided by time without regard to


direction. Velocity is a vector quantity - it is displacement by time in a specified
direction.
12 u = 0 m/s
(a)
10 a = 2 m/s
8 t = 10 s
Velocity (m/s)

6 a = v-u
t
4 v = u+ at
2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (s)
35
30
25
Velocity (m/s)

20
15
10

5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (s)
(b) acceleration = gradient = 10 m/s
10
4s
Velocity (m/s)

9 (c), i
10 distance travelled during first 4 s=
8 area under the line
(c), ii
6
(d)
4
Average speed = total distance
2 Time taken
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time(s)
The distance traveled of the car increases in each second from left to right.
Therefore the car is accelerating.
Average speed = total distance /
time taken

The circumstance of circular track (2pr) gives the distance travelled of


trains by measuring the radius of circular track

The time taken can be measured by using the stop watch or stop clock.
Start timing when train release from initial point and stop timing when it
arrived at the final point, here, initial point and final point are the same.
The average speed can be derived by the equation of Average speed =
total distance / time taken
A turtle and a rabbit engage in a footrace over a distance of 4.00 km. The rabbit runs
0.50 km and then stops for a 90 min nap. Upon awakening, he remembers the race
and runs twice as fast for 11.7 min to reach the goal. Finishing the course in a total
time of 1.75 h, the rabbit wins the race.
(A) Calculate the average speed of the Rabbit in race?
(B) What was his average speed before he stopped for a nap? (Give unit in km/h)
90 min, nap

0.50
4.00 km
Total distance travel 4.00 km
(A) Average speed = = = 2.29 km/h
Total time taken 1.75 h
(2)
(B) Distance travel before he stop, s1 = 0.50 km
Nap time = 90 min = 1.5 h
Time taken after he stop, t2 = 11.7min = 0.195 h
Time taken before he stop, t1 = 1.75 h – 1.5 h – 0.195 h = 0.055 h

average speed before he stopped, v1 = ?

v1 = s1/t1 = 0.5 / 0.055 = 9.09 km/h (4)


6 m/s (1)

10 s (1)
acceleration = change in velocity (1)
time taken

acceleration = gradient = change in velocity


time taken
acceleration = 12 ms-1
10 s (3)
1.2 ms-2

u
average speed = distance moved (1)
time taken

Average speed = total distance


Time taken
Average speed = 390 m (2)
60 s
6.475

(3)
Area under the graph gives the distance travels of the bus.
Since the area of fist 30 seconds is grater than that of last 30 seconds, the
bus travels further in first 30 seconds than it does during the last 30
seconds.

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