ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM MECHANIZATION IN BARANGAYS

OF VALENCIA CITY, BUKIDNON

ANGELINE MAE CACAYAN PABRO

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY

OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT,
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, CENTRAL MINDANAO
UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT

MARCH 2024
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY
Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon

College of Agriculture
Department of Agribusiness Management

APPROVAL SHEET

The undergraduate thesis proposal attached hereto entitled, ‘’ ADOPTION

OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM MECHANIZATION IN BARANGAYS OF
VALENCIA CITY, BUKIDNON’’ (Research No. 0000), prepared and submitted by
ANGELINE MAE CACAYAN PABRO, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management, is hereby endorsed.

TEDDY E. COLIPANO, DBA Date:

Chair, Thesis Advisory Committee

SHEILA C. POONON, MAM Date:

Member, Thesis Advisory Committee

HAZEL E. SOLIVEN, DBA Date:

Member, Thesis Advisory Committee

Recommending Approval:

HAZEL E. SOLIVEN, DBA Date:

Director, Institute of Biological Sciences

RONLEY C. CANATOY, Ph. D. Date:

Research Coordinator

Approved:

JUDITH D. INTONG, Ph. D. Date:

College Dean

Noted:

JUPITER V. CASAS, Ph. D. Date:

Director for Research
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Objectives of the Study 3
1.3 Significance of the Study 4
1.4 Limitations of the Study 4
1.5 Operational Definition of Terms 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Farm Mechanization 6
2.2 Farm Mechanization Benefits 9
2.3 The Power of Mechanization 10
2.4 Challenges of Rice Production 11
2.5 Hypothesis 13

III. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 14
3.2 Locale of the Study 14
3.3 Respondents of the Study 15
3.4 Sampling Design 15
3.5 Research Instrument 16
3.6 Data Collection Method 16
3.7 Data Analysis 17
3.8 Ethical Considerations 17

LITERATURE CITED 19
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

A Letter to the City Mayor of Valencia City 17

B Letter to the Barangay Captain 18

C Letter of permission to the respondent (English Language) 19

D Letter of permission to the respondent (Local dialect) 20

E Informed Consent (English Language) 21

F Informed Consent (Local dialect) 22

G Survey-questionnaire 23
 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Philippines, an agricultural country, produces rice as the main source and

staple food for Filipinos. With the advancement of technology, there is a need to

accelerate agricultural mechanization as a means to attain food sufficiency,

increase farm income and modernize agriculture. Technological advancement is

one of the important forces which alters the production structure of a growing

economy. Agriculture in most of the developing countries were characterized by

low productivity due to less practice of modern technologies, less management of

modern technologies, inadequate control of repeated crop losses due to natural

calamities.

Furthermore, identified benefits in modern rice harvesting practices were to

save harvesting time, cost and labor involvement with reducing grain/yield loss and

human drudgery. The further benefits were enhancing the income through custom

hire services and creating a new employment opportunity in technology operation

and maintenance (Hasan et al., 2020).

The use of mechanization in rice farming is a technology can give the

benefit to increase the farming efficiency and anticipate the scarcity of resources.

Harvesting using the combine harvester, would only take a day to harvest a

hectare of land instead of 44−54-man days. Harvesting losses (4.29%) using

 2

conventional method are also expected to be minimized. According to Ardiansyah

et al., (2021), a combine harvester could be operated to land conditions suitable,

was more profitable than the traditional method, its showed from the value of R/C

(2.4), in the rice harvesting process has not had a negative impact on farmers, and

has even provided benefits for farmers in harvest period due to the difficulty of

labor available. Meanwhile, all the farmers who mechanized harvest in Mindoro

employed combine harvesters. The preference for larger capacity combined

harvester could be due to the relatively larger paddy areas owned by individual

farmers in the province (Malanon et al. 2014).

For operations such as planting, weeding and spraying, all farms still used

manual power except in the areas of Isabela, Pangasinan, Mindoro Oriental and

Kalinga where mechanical harvesting has become popular with the introduction of

combine harvester. The number of combine harvester has been continuously

spreading in different parts of the country where capable farmers are being

encouraged to engage in custom service provision for additional and higher profits

(Malanon & Cruz, 2018).

Valencia City, known as the ‘‘Golden Harvest City’’ has an estimated 10,000

hectares planted to rice, which is a quarter of the 40,000-hectare rice production

area of Bukidnon, and with an average yield of more or less 5 tons per hectare.

With this situation, the researcher conceptualized the study to determine the

impact of adoption of farmers towards farm mechanization in response to the

trends and for the development in the agricultural sector of the City.
 3

Objectives of the Study

The study generally aims to assess the adoption of farmers in Barangay

Batangan, Barangay Nabag-o, and Barangay Mabuhay of Valencia City towards

rice mechanization.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. determine the socio-demographic and economic profile of farmers, in

terms of:

a. Age

b. Educational attainment

c. Family size

d. Monthly income

e. Years in farming

2. identify the perception of farmers towards rice farming machinery

modernization, in terms of:

a. Relative advantage

b. Compatibility

c. Complexity

d. Trialability

e. Observability

3. assess the problems and challenges experienced by farmers in the

adoption of rice farming modernization

 4

Significance of the Study

The study intends to yield additional knowledge to the existing studies and

provide additional information about farm mechanization and agricultural

development. Moreover, this study aims to have a positive contribution to the

society particularly to the farmers and local government units of Valencia City

through the understanding of the perception and impact of technological

agricultural development to Filipino farmers and to raise awareness and

enlightenment to help the local government implement more effective programs

and policies that will benefit the people. It will also serve as a basis to their

conducting further research related to this study and provide as a future reference

for more studies in the future.

Limitations of the Study

The population for the study will be only limited to the selected Barangay in

Valencia City, Bukidnon. The data will be gathered in the top five Barangays with

the highest number of farmers adopting farm mechanization

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, terms and concepts are operationally

defined in alphabetical order:

 5

Combined Harvester is an agricultural tool that combines several

operations into one: cutting the crop, feeding it into threshing mechanism,

threshing, cleaning, and discharging rain into a bulk wagon or directly into a bag.

Plant Seeders sows’ seeds for crops by dropping seeds into a straight

furrow within the soil at precise rates and specific depths.

 6

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Farm Mechanization

The change in agricultural sector such as migration of rural labor to urban

areas, price hike of wage rate during peak period, attractive wage rate in off-farm

activity, industrialization, government policies, distribution of farm machines

through development assistance accelerated the farm mechanization in the

country. A considerable push has been made for farm machinery for small holdings

in order to increase production and promote long-term agricultural intensification

(Kienzle et al., 2013). Mechanization has the ability to cut production costs and

drudgery by substituting human labor and old processes with sophisticated

machinery (Mahmud et al., 2014). The mechanization of agricultural processes

such as land preparation, irrigation, and harvesting will considerably enhance

cropping intensity and productivity (Pingali, 2007).

A. Combine Harvester

Combine harvesters have a very important task in grain crop

harvesting. Combine harvesters must fulfil lot of technological requirements

regarding the field conditions, crop type, as well as the quality performance

and optimal costs. The combine harvester got its start in Scotland in 1826

when Reverend Patrick Bell designed the reaper machine, a large machine

that was pushed by horses and used scissors to cut plants. Unfortunately,
 7

Bell didn't patent his invention. So, in 1835, Hiram Moore built and patented

the first combine harvester in the United States. Moore's machine was

capable of reaping threshing, and winnowing cereal grain, with the earlier

versions being pulled by horse, mule, or ox. A few decades later in 1882,

Australian Hugh Victor Mckay developed a similar idea for a great invention.

He created the first commercial combine harvester called Sunshine

Harvester. However, it wouldn't be until George Stockton Berry that the

combine harvester became steam powered. Then after World War II,

tractor-drawn combines become common (Masek et al., 2017).

Today, the combine harvester remains relatively the same as its first

iteration in 1835. Despite some great advances in mechanics and computer

control, the header, which cuts the crop and feeds it into the thresher, is not

much changed. Combine harvester is a versatile machine that's designed

to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crop. Combine harvester is one of the

most economically important labor-saving inventions in agriculture. In fact,

they are responsible for significantly reducing the number of individuals

required to farm (Wang et al., 2017).

B. Tractor

Tractors play a fundamental role in agriculture as the main power

resource for operation with various add-on agriculture machinery. The most

energy and labor intensive among agro-technological operations is soil

 8

plowing. The trend in a plow design favors tractors with substantial power,

but ultimately it is determined by the size and construction of the machinery

satisfying the needs of smaller farms (Mehta et al., 2011).

Optimal tractor and machinery parameter selection, as a function of

various field operations, not only improves the economics of such activities,

but also reduces exhaust pollution and other negative environmental

effects. The power requirements and energy consumption may be reduced

through optimizing power characteristics and engine parameters (dyer &

Desjardins, 2006).

The CO2 emissions may be reduced by minimizing idling states of

the engine and maximizing the engine work load. The operational engine

parameters are engine speed, transmission gear ratios and engine torque.

The experience and reaction time of the tractor operator also play an

important role in maintaining these parameters in optimal range and optimal

engine utilization (Koniuszy, 2008).

C. Rotavator

According to the Khurdal et al., (2023), the rotary type weeder or

rotavator stirs the soil precisely, disturb the weed root and remove them

from the soil. In addition, this helps in maintaining the soil in loose condition

for proper aeration. Mainly for the wide row spaced crops like maize, cotton,

red gram, sugarcane where the tractor can be run in the rows. The major
 9

advantage of powered rotary tillers is power being used for rotary tiller

blades requires less draft, which results in less wheel slip and improved field

performance. This will reduce the wear of tires and cost of extra weight on

the rear tire for ballasting. The energy requirement for rotating operation is

minimum and tractive efficiency is much higher. Rotary tilling is an

extensively used tillage operation as a result of its superior ability to mix,

flatten and pulverize the soil. However, the use of rotary tiller is strongly

controlled to "shallow" tillage for the reason that it’s high energy

requirements.

Development of a rotavator in soil trenching application was carried

out by Dey C. et al., (2011). Automated soil cutting and digging operations

are a frequent requirement in defense applications. The analytical study

was conducted to determine the various tool parameters such as rotating

velocity, number of teeth, cutting depth of teeth. Different forces acting on

the tool were reckoned from 3D soil tool interaction model. The forces were

calculated for different digging depths and entry angles. Finally, the least

resistive force is chosen as the design input for the power requirement of

the equipment.

Farm Mechanization Benefits

There is a direct relationship between mechanization and yields, studying

Rodriguez and Piadozo’s (2016) Farm Mechanization Among Lowlands Rice

 10

Farmers in Laguna, Philippines, it was found that “Increasing productivity in

rice farming and agriculture would require farm mechanization. Thus, to increase

the level of productivity of their farms, farmers have to be educated about

the benefits of improved farm mechanization.”

On the other hand, an increase in off-farm employment is more likely to

reduce the possibility of owning small-sized machinery, mainly due to substitution

effects caused by the availability of market machinery services. Zhang et al. (2017)

find mechanization leads to the division of labor.

The Power of Mechanization

Mechanization reduces post-harvest loss, which in manual harvesting can

go as high 4 to 4.5% loss of crops. This happens during reaping, when some grains

or stalks fall and during threshing when even more grains fall. The use of combine

harvester lowers loss to 2.5% resulting in a 2% increase in grains that would have

otherwise gone to waste. It also saves time because manually harvesting,

threshing and packing newly harvested palay can take up to 28 man-days. Those

tasks can be performed by a combine harvest in just 1.5 man-days.

A government farm mechanization program, which failed in 1970s, has

been reintroduced and supported by public and private funds as Malacañang tries

to reinvigorate the food industry. According to the Philippine Center for Postharvest
 11

Development and Mechanization as cited by Roque (2014) four provinces,

among them top rice producers, have achieved full mechanization at a scale that

is much higher than the national average of 1.52 horsepower per hectare (hp/ha).

When mechanization was introduced in the 1970s, the country was suddenly

plagued by the world oil price crisis, and the program was abandoned because of

the steep price for fuel needed to keep the machines running. In 2011, the

Department of Agriculture (DA) launched the government's farm mechanization

program, with a funding of P6 billion. The DA infused more funds to sustain the

program until 2016, "to further increase the productivity and income of small

farmers".

The Program gives farmers access to such machines like rice drum,

seeders, seed cleaners, rice transplanters, power tilers with trailers, hand tractors,

mini-tractors with accessories, threshers, shredders and combine harvesters.

Alcala said the government wanted to make the Philippine's farm mechanization

level far with rice exporters Thailand and Vietnam (Roque,

2014).

Challenges in Rice Production

Reyes et. al (2012) also stated that the poverty rates among

agricultural households in the regions of Visayas and Mindanao are above

50%. Meanwhile, in Luzon, only MIMAROPA has a poverty rate of above 50%.

Nonetheless, these figures are drastically high which is unfortunate for our
 12

farmers. High poverty incidence among the farmers is the result of poverty

trap wherein they are stuck in having low income, low level of education

and healthcare, low levels of human capital, low productivity, and the vicious

cycle continues.

Similar to this is the statement of Gregorio (2019) that farmers are

seemingly sandwiched by the expected traditional values and bestowed

modern practices based on the studies. Moreover, farmers have their own

preferences for agricultural technology attributes, which have been found to

significantly influence adoption decisions (Maligalig & Demont, 2017).

However, in other similar studies, farmers have a good note on

modernization in agriculture. Educated farmers tend to be more productive since

they are receptive to new technology (Atchoarena & Gasperini, 2003). Philippine

farmers seem to recognize the many advantages of using farm machines

over manual, even if these are costly and will certainly displace laborers

Bautista et al. (2017).

Given that Filipino farmers are prone to vulnerability as a result of

information insufficiency and learning, are unwilling to take part in uncertain

adaptations in farming, which will eventually affect the environment and

agriculture in the long-run. Small-scale farmers are much more prone to

physical and economic risks, or at worst indebtedness (Lubang, 2019).

 13

Hypothesis of the Study

The following hypothesis are tested for the study:

HA: There is a significant relationship between adoption of farm mechanization to

yield of farmers in Valencia City.

HO: There is no significant relationship between adoption of farm mechanization to

yield of farmers in Valencia City.

 14

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, respondents

of the study, sampling design, research instrument, data collection method, data

analysis and ethical consideration.

Research Design

The study will employ a descriptive quantitative approach to identify the

perception of farmers towards rice farming machinery modernization. Descriptive

research is a research method that describes the characteristics of the population

or phenomenon that is being studied. This methodology focuses more on what of

the research subject rather than the why of the research subject. In other words,

descriptive research primarily focuses on describing thex nature of a demographic

segment, without focusing on why a certain phenomenon occurs.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in barangays of Valencia City, Bukidnon. The

choice of these study area is based on the following criteria:

1. Most number of rice farmers

2. Fast Accessibility

Valencia City is one of the two cities in the province of Bukidnon. Geographically,

the city lies at 7˚ 47’ and 8˚ 3’ north latitude and 125˚ 48’ east longitudes. The city
 15

covers an area of 587.29 square kilometers or 226.75 square miles, making up

5.59% of Bukidnon's total area. According to the 2020 Census, the city has a

population of 216,546, accounting for 14.05% of the total population of Bukidnon

province and 4.31% of the overall population of the Northern Mindanao region.

The researcher considered Valencia City as the locale of the study because

it is one of the major rice producing area in Bukidnon and even known as the “City

of Golden Harvest”.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers included a total of 150 respondents aged 20 to 80 years

old regardless of gender. The rationale behind this selection is the accessibility the

researchers have to the respondents, the consideration that Valencia City known

as ‘’Golden Harvest City’’ is a major rice-producing city which in particular consists

of farmers who are significant in this study, specifically on wide predominantly

irrigated areas like Barangay Batangan, Barangay Nabag-o and Barangay

Mabuhay.

Sampling Design

The sampling method used in this study is Non-Probability or Purposive

Sampling because the researchers believed that the chosen respondents will

satisfy the aims of the study.

 16

Research Instrument

The researcher adapted and modified survey-questionnaire from previous

published journals and articles. The survey is measured with the use of a five-part

semi-structured questionnaire which was adapted to precisely answer the

statement of the problem which is crucial in this study. The researchers gathered

similar questionnaires online which served as a guide. Moreover, it will be

translated from English to the Filipino language to ensure the accuracy of data

collection from the target respondents.

The first section of the questionnaire will assess the socio-demographic

profile. The second section will evaluate the familiarity of farmers with the Farm

Mechanization Program.

Data Collection Method

Primary data will be collected through dissemination of survey-

questionnaires to respondents. The items in the questionnaire will be relayed to

the respondents in vernacular. The respondents will be asked about their socio-

demographic characteristics which include their age, sex, educational attainment,

occupation, family size and income. The factors and impact of adopting farm

mechanization will also be assessed through closed statement questions.

 17

Data Analysis

The gathered data will be tabulated, tallied, categorized, and interpreted

using descriptive statistics specifically, frequency distribution and weighted mean.

Simple tables, frequencies, percentages, and the weighted mean were utilized in

the presentation and analysis of the data to be generated in the subsequent

chapter of this study. A five-point Likert Scale will also be used in measuring the

statements in the survey-questionnaire.

4.51-5.00 Very High (81-100%)

3.51-4.50 High (61-80%)
2.51-3.50 Moderate (41-60%)
1.51-2.50 Low (21-40%)
1.00-1.50 Very Low (1-20%)

Ethical Considerations

The study will be conducted with the observance of research ethics. An

approved communication from the Institutional Ethics Review Committee (IERC)

permit will be secured at the Office of the Vice President for Research,

Development and Extension before the conduct of the study. Before the interview,

a formal communication letter will be sent to the city mayor and barangay captain

of the Barangays of Valencia City, Bukidnon. The respondents will also be given a

consent letter and will be informed about the nature and purpose of the study. The

respondents will be politely asked by the researcher to participate and informed

regarding the role that they play in the study. The respondents will be given enough
 18

time to answer the survey questionnaire to provide reliable and accurate results.

The anonymity of the respondents will be strictly confidential. All information

gathered from the respondents will be used for educational purposes only.
 19

LITERATURE CITED

Ardiansyah, R., Ismail, M., & Andriani, R. (2021). Feasibility analysis of traditional
rice farming with combine harvester in Teureubeh Village, Aceh Besar
District. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 306, p. 02044). EDP Sciences.

Atchoarena, D. & Gasperini, L. (20). Education for Rual Development:

Towards New Policy Responses

Wang, J., Xiong, Y., Xu, Z., Ma, G., Wang, Z., & Chen, D. (2017). Improved design
and test of key components for longitudianl axial flow combine harvester.
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 33(10), 25-
31.

Bautista, Elmer & Kim, Jong-sun &Kim, Yun-jung & Panganiban, Maria.
(2017). Farmer’s Perception on Farm mechanization and Land reformation
in the Philippines. Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture.
29.

Gregorio, V. (2019). Farming Families in Malaysia and the Philippines:

Empirical Works and Classical Debates. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
19(2):47-62

Hasan, K., Tanaka, T. S., Alam, M., Ali, R., & Saha, C. K. (2020). Impact of modern
rice harvesting practices over traditional ones. Reviews in Agricultural
Science, 8, 89-108.

Khurdal, J. K., Bastewad, T. B., Nalawade, S. M., Sapkale, P. R., Bhangare, S. C.,
Solanke, A. V., ... & Rathod, R. K. (2023). Design, Development and
Performance Evaluation of Rotavator: A review. Journal of Agriculture
Research and Technology, 48(2), 279.
 20

Dey, C., Jain, A. and Hajare, S. G., 2011 Development of rotavator in soil trenching
applications. Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in
Robotic, Mechanical Engineering and Design, 02: 22-26.

Dyer, J. A., & Desjardins, R. L. (2006). Carbon dioxide emissions associated with
the manufacturing of tractors and farm machinery in Canada. Biosystems
Engineering, 93(1), 107-118.

Lubang, S. A. (2020). Towards Liberation from Debts of Filipino Farmers. FFTC

Agricultural Policy Platform (FFTC-AP).

Malanon, H. G., & Cruz, R. D. (2018). On-farm mechanization of paddy in the

Philippines. Asian Journal of Postharvest and Mechanization, 1, 1-10.

Malanon, H.G., R.SM. Dela Cruz, J.T. Ceyna and Z.L.L. Cabanayan. 2014.
Assessing the level of and the factors driving mechanization of rice and corn
farms in the Philippines.Terminal Report. Science City of Muñoz, Nueva
Ecija: Philippine Center for Postharvest Develop- ment and Mechanization.

Maligalig, Rio L. & Demont, Matty & Umberger, Wendy J. & Peralta, Alexandra,
2017. "Farmers’ preferences for varietal trait improvements: The case of rice
farmers in Nueva Ecija, Philippines," 2017 Annual Meeting,July 30-August
1, Chicago, Illinois 258459, Agricultural and Applied Economics
Association.

Koniuszy, A. (2008). The method of making time density characteristic of

agricultural tractor engine by using TRS system. Annual Review of
Agricultural Engineering, 6(1).

Masek, J., Novak, P., & Jasinskas, A. (2017). Evaluation of combine harvester
operation costs in different working conditions. Engineering for rural
development, 16, 1180-1185.
 21

Mehta, C. R., Singh, K., & Selvan, M. M. (2011). A decision support system for
selection of tractor–implement system used on Indian farms. Journal of
terramechanics, 48(1), 65-73.

Reyes, C. M., Tabuga, A. D., Asis, R. D., & Datu, M. B. G. (2012). Poverty and
agriculture in the Philippines: Trends in income poverty and distribution.
Philippine Institute for Development Studies Series, (2012-09)

Rodriguez, D., & Piadozo, E. (2016). Characterization of Farm Mechanization

Among Lowland Rice Farmers in Laguna, Philippines. Journal of
Economics, Management & Agricultural Development, 2(2), 97–108.
 22

APPENDICES
 23

Appendix A. Letter to the City Mayor of Valencia City

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon

HON. AZUCENA P. HUERVAS

City Mayor
Valencia City, Bukidnon

Dear Mayor,

Greetings!

I am Angeline Mae C. Pabro, a third-year student of Central Mindanao University

taking up Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management. I am conducting my
undergraduate thesis entitled, “ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM
MECHANIZATION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF VALENCIA CITY,
BUKIDNON” in your municipality. The general purpose of this study is to analyze
consumer preferences on quality attributes of rice.
In line with this, I am humbly asking for your favorable approval to allow me to
gather from your city. Rest assured that all the information that I get from
respondents will be kept confidential and will be used only for academic purposes.
I am looking for your favorable response and your support in the completion of
my research. Thank you so much.

Respectfully Yours,

Angeline Mae. C. Pabro

Student Researcher

Noted by:

ANNIE DERIADA, PhD

Thesis adviser
 24

Appendix B. Letter to the Barangay Captain

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon

______________
Barangay Captain
Barangay: ____________

Sir/Madam,

Good Day,

I am Angeline Mae C. Pabro., a third-year student of Central Mindanao University

taking up Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management. I am conducting my
undergraduate thesis entitled, “ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM
MECHANIZATION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF VALENCIA CITY,
BUKIDNON” in your municipality. The general purpose of this study is to analyze
consumer preferences on quality attributes of rice.
In line with this, I am humbly asking for your favorable approval to allow me to
gather from your barangay. Rest assured that all the information that I get from
respondents will be kept confidential and will be used only for academic purposes.
I am looking for your favorable response and your support in the completion of
my research. Thank you so much.

Respectfully Yours,

Angeline Mae C. Pabro

Student Researcher

Noted by:

ANNIE DERIADA, PhD

Thesis adviser
 25

Appendix C. Letter of permission to the respondent (English Language)

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon

Dear Respondent,

Good day!

I am Angeline Mae C. Pabro., a third-year student of Central Mindanao University

taking up Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management. I am conducting my
undergraduate thesis entitled, “ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM
MECHANIZATION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF VALENCIA CITY,
BUKIDNON” in your municipality.

As part of my primary data collection, I would need only few minutes of your time
to be interviewed. Your response holds great significance in my quest for data
collection.

Respectfully yours,

Angeline Mae C. Pabro

Student Researcher

Noted by:

Annie Deriada, PhD

Thesis Adviser
 26

Appendix D. Letter of permission to the respondent (Local Dialect)

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon

Mahal nga respondent,

Maayung adlaw!

Ako si Angeline Mae C. Pabro usa ka third-year student sa Central Mindanao

University kasamtangang nagakuha og Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness
Management. Ako nag pahigayon sa akong undergraduate thesis nga nag-ulohan:
ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM MECHANIZATION IN SELECTED
BARANGAYS OF VALENCIA CITY, BUKIDNON.

Isip kabahin sa akong nag-unang pagkolekta sa datos, nagkinahanglan lang ko og

pipila ka minuto sa imong oras para ikaw ma interbew. Ang imong mga tubag
adunay dakong importansya sa akong pagpangita sa pagkolekta sa datos.

Sa pagtahud kanimo,

Angeline Mae C. Pabro

Student Researcher

Noted by:
Annie Deriada, PhD
Thesis Adviser
 27

Appendix E. Informed Consent (English Language)

Authority

I, ____________________, a resident of ____________________________,

state that it is my pleasure to participate this research study entitled “ADOPTION
OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM MECHANIZATION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS
OF VALENCIA CITY, BUKIDNON” I will contribute to this study because I
understand its purpose.

I sign this consent form as a proof that I voluntarily consent to my participation.

_____________________
Name and Signature
Date: __________
 28

Appendix F. Informed Consent (Local Dialect)

Pagtugot

Ako si, ____________________, lumolupyo sa ___________________,

nagakanayon nga akong kabubut-on ang pag partisipar niining pagduki-duki
kabahin sa ‘’ ADOPTION OF RICE FARMERS ON FARM MECHANIZATION IN
SELECTED BARANGAYS OF VALENCIA CITY, BUKIDNON’’. Ako mubulig niini
nga pagtuon tungod kay ako nakasabot sa katuyu-an niini. Isip pag pamatuod nga
akong kusang miuyon sa akong partisipasyon, akong nilagda/mipirma niining
pagtugot.

_____________________
Ngalan ug pirma
Petsa: __________
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Appendix G. Survey-questionnaire

PART I. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Name (optional): _______ Age: ____ Educational attainment: _____________
Family size: _________ Monthly Income: _______ Years in faming: ________

PART II. IMPACT OF FARM MECHANIZATION

Legend: 5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Neutral
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Relative Advantage
1. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
allows faster operation than manual harvesting.
2. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
saves time compared to manual harvesting.
3. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
requires less effort compared to manual harvesting.
4. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
reduces post-harvest losses from cutting and threshing
of rice compared to manual harvesting.
5. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
is better than manual harvesting
6. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
requires less cost to harvest rice farm compared to
manual harvesting
7. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
produces cleaner rice grain as compared to manually
harvested rice.
8. The equipment used in adoption of farm mechanization
requires less human labor compared to manual
harvesting.
Compatibility
1. Combine harvester is compatible to the needs and
demands of farmers for modern machinery for post-
harvest.
2. Combine harvester is suitable to farmers' practices on
harvesting rice.
3. Combine harvester compatible with the existing values
and experience of farmers on harvesting rice.
 30

4. Combine harvester is compatible to harvest small and

large plots rice field.
5. Combine harvester is compatible to harvest thin and
thick crop density.
6. Combine harvester is compatible to small scale rice
farmer because it can be used to harvest with less cost.
7. Combine harvester is compatible to harvest wet and dry
condition of rice field.
Complexity
1. Combine harvester cannot harvest damaged rice
production.
2. Combine harvester requires trained personnel to operate
the machine.
3. Combine harvester cannot be used to harvest rice filed
with dept soil surface.
4. Combine harvester is quite expensive to purchase.
5. Combine harvester cannot harvest rice field with high
length of dikes.
6. Combine harvester causes damage on dikes during
transferring of the machine
7. Combine harvester causes compaction on soil because
it is heavy equipment.
8. Combine harvester is difficult to operate and use.
Trialability
1. Combine harvester can be tried by farmers with less
experience in handling farm machinery.
2. Combine harvester can be operated even with small
farm size.
3. Combine harvester can be operated with less
manpower.
4. Combine harvester can be operated on any kind of rice
varieties planted on rice field.
5. Combine harvester can be operated on lowland and
upland rice field.
6. Combine harvester can be tried even with small scale
farmer by custom service.
Observability
1. Combine harvester is less hassle on farmer because it
performs different operation into single process.
2. Combine harvester shows good performance on cutting
rice straw from rice field.
3. Combine harvester technology is noticeable by other
farmers in the locality because of its fastest operation.
 31

4. Combine harvester shows good performance on packing

rice grain.
5. Combine harvester shows good performance on
threshing the rice.
6. Farmer who used combine harvester obtained high
income.
7. Combine harvester produces cleaner rice grain.

PART III. CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN FARM MECHANIZATION

1. What are the challenges in adopting farm mechanization?
2. What are the strategies to efficiently adopt farm mechanization?