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Car Accidents Prevention System
Article in International Journal of Computer Applications · September 2018
DOI: 10.5120/ijca2018917605
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 14, September 2018
Car Accidents Prevention System
Firas Omar
Software Engineering Department
Zarqa University, Jordan
ABSTRACT Authors of [6] presented a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
With today’s busy life, it is imperative to conserve any spare based system for traffic monitoring and safety of mobility. A
time as we spend generous amount of our daily time driving. microscopic cellular model is used to estimate traffic flow and
Using arduino sensors to send notifications to the nearby occupancy over time on a road segment.
drivers in the occasion of any accidents or road blockage will The work presented in [7] includes the design and
defiantly achieve the purpose of this research. Results showed development of a novel safety approach to increase safety for
that such approach could be adapted successfully in the highways using the WSN and Bluetooth protocol. In this
automobile industry. approach, vehicles are organized into ad-hoc networks and
sensed data is exchanged between vehicles.
Keywords
Arduino sensors, Communicating automobiles, User An early warning system for drivers is proposed in [8] where
Experience, Health care, E-Business. it aims to provide early warning for drivers of potentially
dangerous situations that may arise. The proposed system is
1. INTRODUCTION based on the WSNs and magnetic sensors. Sensor nodes are
Arduino sensors supports data exchange so that it is valuable deployed along both road sides every few meters. Each sensor
and used in terms of message exchanging between moving node is equipped with a magnetic sensor in order to sense the
automobiles. The idea of the research relies on how to save presence of vehicles on the road. Sensor nodes are organized
drivers time by sending them information about road acceding into ad-hoc network in order to exchange the information
or any blockage caused by road hazards. about the passing cars. Then all sensed data are transmitted to
the vehicles, where onboard computers can be used to predict
2. RELATED WORKS dangerous situations and then warn the drivers.
In this section, we discuss the relevant developed systems and
provide analysis and comparisons. The existing works Authors of [10] presented a hybrid architecture of vehicular ad
presented are classified into smart phones-based systems and hoc networks based on WSNs that relies on a fully distributed
WSN-based systems. The former requires Smartphone device approach with no centralized infrastructure elements for
to operate, whereas the latter is based on the existence of a coordination and communication. The proposed work is based
wireless sensor network communication. on two communication protocols, which are IEEE 802.11p
and IEEE 802.15.4.
First, we discuss the mobile Smartphone's-based systems.
Mobile Smartphone's are equipped with various sensors that As discussed above, the existing approaches are categorized
can help to aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. into smart phones-based and WSN-based approaches. The
The work presented in [5] includes the design and former requires the development of a mobile application for
development of smart phones application to detect car Smartphone devices (Android, IOS, Windows Mobile, …) and
accidents and provide situational awareness to emergency exploit the existence of sensors in the smart phones, whereas
responders. Authors presented the architecture for the the latter is based on the existence of a sensor network which
presented prototype need to be deployed along the highway, and employ a sensor
device in a vehicle in order to collect and process the sensed
Smartphone based accident detection system and empirically data from distributed sensor nodes. Smartphone-based
analyze its ability to resist false alarms. approaches are efficient in terms of reliability. However,
drivers are required to own a Smartphone device in order to
A smart system is developed in order to understand the user
obtain the safety applications. One the other hand, WSN-
behavior using Smartphone sensors [11]. The aim of this work
based system is efficient in terms of cost and reliability, but
was to analyze the sensory data acquired using a Smartphone
there is a requirement to install sensor nodes along the way in
to design car independent system that does not need vehicle-
order to perform the safety functionality.
mounted sensors. The vehicle’s speed, acceleration,
deceleration, and deflection angle information are estimated 3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND
using accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensors.
IMPLEMENTATION
Authors of [9] proposed a driver warning system based on the The ADS system contains two separated systems, which are
3-axis accelerometer sensor of an Android-based smart phone the Arduino system and the android application. The Arduino
to record and analyze various driver behavior and external system works by requesting the car location from the android
road situations that may potentially be dangerous to the health application, which in its turn get it using GPS and send it to
of drivers. Authors stated that the efficient use of these data the Arduino system, the Arduino system will send the value of
can educate a dangerous driver on how to safety and the accident location to the android application to process it
efficiently operate the vehicle. and show the alarm type to the driver.
Second, we discuss the WSN-based systems. WSN-based
systems are cost effective in terms of installation, reliability,
and maintenance compared to cable-based technologies.
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 14, September 2018
4. THE ARDUINO SYSTEM
As previously explained, the main role of the Arduino system
which acts as a sensors which detects an accident and process
it to chick whether the pressure value equal or greater than the
minimum value of the danger, if the value scores the
minimum value of the danger, the system shall request the
location from the android application as explained previously.
The direction of the car is then allocated by using a built-in
compass in the Arduino system which afterwards initiate a
flag number to control the number of sending times, Finally,
the system will send a string contain direction, flag number,
accident value and the location of the accident.
In receiving part, the Arduino system will chick the direction,
it will firstly chick if the car is in the same direction (roadside)
of the accident otherwise the alarm will be ignored. It is
important to mention that the system will also chick the flag
number to determine if the system have already received the
alarm, else the system will receive the alarm and process the
flag number again in order of determining if it have to resend
it again to another car behind based on the limit of sending
times.
5. ANDROID APPLICATION
The android application shall send the location of the car
when asked by the Arduino system.
When the android application receives the alarm string from
Arduino system shall process the accident value to determine
alarm type and show it to the driver with the alternative way if
the driver will not to.
5.1 Arduino System Components
1. Force Sensitive resistor: In the prototype, this sensor can
measure force up to 1000Newton.
To fortify our research, we consulted and used the Volvo
automotive group strategy to determine which accidents that
trigger the alarm
6
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 14, September 2018
accidents.
Of course, one of the main obstacles is that the road may get
stalled traffic, which in its turn might become a reason of
probable accidents to cars coming from behind, and may
Cause troubles for the authorities who is responsible of
evacuating the injured peoples.
To examine whether our proposed system will be beneficial
for drivers or not, it was mandatory to handout a six questions
questionnaire on three hundred randomly chosen people in
city of Zarqa and the results came out as followed:
1. Have you ever driven a car?
This question was to determine how many people is expert
domain.
The Ratio on this question was 70% answered (YES) to 30%
answered (NO).
Figure 2: Volvo Strategy
1. Electric compass: get the direction of the car as one of
two values either forward (zero 180 ֯ ) or backward
(181, ֯ 360 ֯ ).
2. Bluetooth: connect the application on the driver mobile
phone with the Arduino system in the same car.
As we see, the numbers of the expert domain are higher than
3. WIFI: gave the ability to the Arduino systems to
non- expert domain.
communicate and send or receive data.
2. Is it safe to drive a car in our streets?
4. Arduino mega: have many input / output bins and
This question was to see if driving cars is generally safe.
compatible with external battery and have enough
capacity. From this figure we can see that 61.3 % answered (Usually
safe) and
6. ANDROID APPLICATION
The android system consists of several parts, which are as 16.6 % answered (Danger) while 22 % answered (Safe), based
follows: on these numbers we can see that there is a good percentage of
the people believe that cars are not safe and need more safety
1. GPS Class: provide location information. systems.
2. Select Class: provide the available Bluetooth device and 3. Is the driver is at risk of accidents:
connect with it. This question was to determine the possibility of having an
3. Search Class: search the Bluetooth devices that can accident while driving.
connect with the application and show the devices on
select layout.
4. Bluetooth Class: this is the main class provide the feature
of communication with the Arduino system.
5. Chat Class: analyse the alarm type, show it to the driver
with accident location, and send the manual alarm.
7. DISCUSSION
Based on the increasing numbers of automobile’s around us,
the number has reached over a billion cars worldwide and
over 1.4 million cars in Jordan, and based on the fact that cars
is ranked as the most important in transportation field as a
benefit. In the opposite side, the drawback arise were the risk
of human life is the most serious drawback in the event of
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 14, September 2018
44.7 % answered (Always) and51.3percentage answered Figure (1.3.5): Questionnaire
(Usually) while 4 % answered (Never); based on these More than 82% answered (YES) and 18% answered (NO),
numbers we can see that the possibility of having an accident based on such answer, it is obvious that there is a huge
while driving a car is very high. possibility of having an accident and / or turbulence on the
4. Do you see that the drive system needs more road while there is an accident.
protection: This question was to determine if the cars 6. Will there be any positive effect if drivers knew about
need more safety systems? the accident before they reach it:
This question was to determine if there is a positive effect on
prior knowledge about an accident before reaching it.
Figure (1.3.4): Questionn
From this figure we can see that 85.7 % answered (YES) and
Figure (1.3.6): Questionnaire
14.3 % answered (NO), based on these numbers and the
numbers from question two we can see that most of the people With the score of 71%, answering (YES) and 29 % answered
think that cars are not safe and need more safety systems. (NO); it is obvious that there is a huge acceptance for the main
idea in propose solution.
5. Would an accident affect other cars behind it?
This question was to determine if the accident could cause 8. CONCLUSION
another accident or cause turbulence on the road. As a conclusion, it obvious that such approach would be
beneficial especially when applying the results to the drivers
sector. The application will save huge amount of time in the
presence of traffic accidents not to forget the lifesaving
impact.
9. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies in Zarqa
University /Jordan fund this research.
In addition, I would like to take the chance and thank Anas
Bassam Abu Hussein, Basil Ahmad Al Rawashdah and Ali
Mohammad Hammad for their assistance in this work.
8
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 14, September 2018
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