Automatic Fatality Prevention and Emergency Aid System

Aishwarya1, Sudhiksha2, Vaishnavi Patil3, Dr. Kishan Singh4

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College
Bidar, Karnataka, India
[email protected] , [email protected] ,[email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract:
The main aim of this paper is to develop an automatic The system also alerts when engine gets over heated or
fatality prevention and Emergency AID system using any fire accident was detected using IR flame sensor.
sensors like ADXL345 MEMS accelerometer, SR04 This will make use of an onboard Arduino
Ultrasonic sensor, and IR Flame sensor for preventing microcontroller, which is commonly termed as micro
accident and fire detections. The paper also aims in controller. This onboard computer can efficiently
tracking of the vehicle using GPS and GSM modules. communicate with the output and input modules which
In case of emergency situations it sends an automatic are being used. The controller is provided with some
SMS alerting message to the authorities. Ultrasonic internal memory to hold the code. This memory is used
sensor is an echo based sensor which can transmit the to dump some set of assembly instructions into the
sound waves and receives in an echo by using this we controller. And the functioning of the controller is
can find the distance of the object and prevent the dependent on these assembly instructions.
vehicle to hit the object.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
MEMS is a Micro electro mechanical sensor which is a Literature Survey This section gives a comparative
high sensitive sensor and capable of detecting the tilt study of the formerly developed algorithms for
used for accident detection. The system consists of accident detection. The survey throws light on the key
cooperative components of MEMS accelerometer aspects of the papers studied and also highlights their
sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, IR flame sensor, Arduino positive and negative points. Reference [1] proposed a
microcontroller unit, GPS device and GSM module. Mobile Application for automatic accident detection
and multimodal alert which uses an Accident Detection
Algorithm. It uses eCall system to automatically detect
Keywords: Vehicle accidents along with Collisions and Roll-
Ultrasonic sensor, IR Flame Sensor, GPS and GSM overs. The Acceleration Severity Index (ASI)
Modules, MEMS Accelerometer Sensor, Arduino evaluates the potential risks for occupants.
Micro Controller unit, Emergency Medical Service.

Introduction:
In [2], a Communication Flow Algorithm has been
GPS is the acronym for global positioning system proposed in which Backend Systems interact with IoT
which receives the information from the satellite using Database Management Systems and Web sites.
anywhere in the world and provides the same for Gateways inter-connect the end devices to the main
controller. The GPS provides us the data like communication infrastructure of the system. IoT
location, time, and speed. The system is compact and peripheral nodes produce the data that is to be delivered
easy to install under rider seat. An accelerometer can to the control center. [3] Proposed an Incident Detection
be used in a car alarm application. Dangerous driving Algorithm to identify incidents, verify the nature of
can be detected with an accelerometer. It can be used incidents and provide emergency services based on the
as a crash recorder of the vehicle movements before, nature.
during and after a crash. With signals from an
accelerometer, a severe accident can be recognized.
IMPLEMENTATION:
Ultrasonic sensor is an echo based sensor which can
transmit the sound waves and receives in an echo by
using this we can find the distance of the object and
prevent the vehicle to hit the object. MEMS is a Micro
electro mechanical sensor which is a high sensitive
sensor and capable of detecting the tilt used for
accident detection. Ultrasonic sensor is an echo based Fig 2: LCD display
sensor which can transmit the sound waves and Some of the most common LCD’s connected to the
receives in an echo by using this we can find the many microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
distance of the object and prevent the vehicle to hit the This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20
object. characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.

Arduino:
Arduino Uno is the ideal board for getting started
with electronics, through fun and engaging hands-on
projects.

Fig1: Block Diagram of Emergency aid system

Fig 3: Ardunio Module

MEMS is a Micro electro mechanical sensor which
is a high sensitive sensor and capable of detecting
the tilt used for accident detection. The system
consists of cooperative components of MEMS This board is your entry to the unique Arduino experience:
accelerometer sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, IR flame great for learning the basics of how sensors and actuators
sensor, Arduino microcontroller unit, GPS device work, and an essential tool for your rapid prototyping
and GSM module. In the event of accident, this needs. Arduino Uno Rev3 is the most used and
wireless device will send to mobile phone as a short documented board in the Arduino family Arduino Uno
message indicating the position of vehicle by GPS Rev3 is a microcontroller board based on the
system to respective authorities, emergency medical ATmega328P, an 8-bit microcontroller with 32KB of
service (EMS) and nearest hospital. The threshold Flash memory and 2KB of RAM. It contains everything
algorithm and speed of motorcycle are used to needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to
determine fall or accident in real-time. The system a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC- to-
also alerts through SMS messages when any fire DC adapter or battery to get started.
accidents occurred was detected using IR flame
sensor. GSM:
GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile
Related Work: communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most
The brief introduction of different modules used in widely used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell
this project is discussed below: phone service carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell
phone towers in the nearby area. Global system for mobile
LCD: communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for
One of the most common devices attached to a digital cellular communication.
micro controller is an LCD display.
 IR SENSOR:
GSM is the name of a standardization group This sensor is a short range obstacle detector with no
established in 1982 to create a common European dead zone. It has a reasonably arrow detection area
mobile telephone standard that would formulate which can be increased using the dual version. Range
specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular can also be increased by increasing the power to the IR
radio system operating at 900 MHz It is estimated LEDs or adding more IR LEDs
that many countries outside of Europe will join the
GSM partnership. DC Motor:
This DC or direct current motor works on the
principal, when a current carrying conductor is placed in
a magnetic field; it experiences a torque and has a
tendency to move.

Fig 4: GSM module.

USB to Serial Converter:

This USB to Serial converter allows you to connect a
RS-232 serial device such as a modem to a USB port
on your Desktop or Laptop PC. A USB adapter is a Fig 7: DC Motor
type of protocol converter which is used for
converting USB data signals to and from other The direction of rotation of a this motor is given by
communications standards. Commonly, USB Fleming’s left hand rule, which states that if the index
adaptors are used to convert USB data to standard finger, middle finger and thumb of your left hand are
serial port data and vice versa. extended mutually perpendicular to each other and if the
index finger represents the direction of magnetic field,
middle finger indicates the direction of current, then the
thumb represents the direction in which force is
experienced by the shaft of the DC motor.

GPS:
Fig 5: USB to serial converter cable
GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very
precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth.
GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation
Ultrasonic sensor: to calculate the user's exact location.
Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound
pulses at regular intervals. These propagate in the air
at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then
they are reflected back as echo signals to the sensor,
which itself computes the distance to the target based
on the Time-span between emitting the signal and
receiving the echo. Fig 8: GPS Module

Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a

signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it
was received. The time difference tells the GPS
receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with
distance measurements from a few more satellites, the
Fig 6: Ultrasonic Sensor receiver can determine the user's position and display
it on the unit's electronic map.
MEMS: obstacle this data process to the Arduino then Arduino
The ADXL345 is a small, thin, low power, 3-axis will activate the buzzer for alerts.
accelerometer with high resolution (13-bit)
measurement at up to ±16g. Digital output data is An automatic fatality prevention and emergency aid
formatted as 16-bit twos complement and is system is designed to swiftly detect potentially life-
accessible through either a SPI (3- or 4-wire) or I 2C threatening situations and intervene to prevent
digital interface. The ADXL345 is well suited for fatalities. It utilizes advanced sensors and algorithms
mobile device applications. It measures the static to monitor vital signs, detect emergencies such as
acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications, as accidents or health crises, and promptly alert
well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion emergency services or provide immediate aid to
or shock. Its high resolution (4 mg/LSB) enables individuals in distress.
measurement of inclination changes less than 1.0°.

Fig 9: MEMS Module

Figure 10: Working Model Of Automatic Fatality
Several special sensing functions are provided. Prevention And Emergency Aid System
Activity and inactivity sensing detect the presence or
lack of motion and if the acceleration on any axis
exceeds a user-set level. Tap sensing detects single Conclusion:
and double taps. Free-fall sensing detects if the Integrating features of all the hardware components
device is falling. These functions can be mapped to used have been developed in it. Presence of every
one of two interrupt output pins. An integrated, patent module has been reasoned out and placed carefully,
pending 32- level first in, first out (FIFO) buffer can thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
be used to store data to minimize host processor Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the help
intervention. Low power modes enable intelligent of growing technology, the paper has been
motion-based power management with threshold successfully implemented. Thus the paper has been
sensing and active acceleration measurement at successfully designed and tested.
extremely low power dissipation. The ADXL345 is
supplied in a small, thin, 3 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm, 14- REFERENCES:
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