99

Hirtg Zjohmjh
Yuirthr 1 ‚ Fneu`h 93
Hxnlhmoj [rnjhsshs (\hitghroml)
@hirmoml Irhi ‚ Lrieh 99
I` thr mit ov h Eh`ovhr y Fneh
Yuirthr 1 ‚ Fneu`h 93 Hxnlhmoj [rnjhsshs (\hitghroml)
Dorst Heotonm, 1;1;

Qhpua`oj Ijt 71?:, shjtonm 9<4 stiths tgit3 Mn jnpyrolgt sgi`` suasost om imy wnrb
nd tgh Lnvhrmfhmt nd tgh [go`oppomhs. Gnwhvhr, pronr ipprnvi` nd tgh lnvhrmfhmt ilhmjy nr
nddojh wghrhom tgh wnrb os jrhithe sgi`` ah mhjhssiry dnr hxp`notitonm nd sujg wnrb dnr prndot.
Zujg ilhmjy nr nddojh fiy, ifnml ntghr tgomls, ofpnsh is i jnmeotonm tgh piyfhmt nd
rnyi`tohs.

Anrrnwhe fithroi`s (o.h., snmls, stnrohs, pnhfs, pojturhs, pgntns, arime mifhs,
triehfirbs, htj.) omj`uehe om tgos fneu`h irh nwmhe ay tghor rhsphjtovh jnpyrolgt gn`ehrs.
Hvhry hddnrt gis ahhm hxhrthe tn `njith ime shhb phrfossonm tn ush tghsh fithroi`s drnf
tghor rhsphjtovh jnpyrolgt nwmhrs. Ugh pua`osghr ime iutgnrs en mnt rhprhshmt mnr j`iof
nwmhrsgop nvhr tghf.

[ua`osghe ay tgh Ehpirtfhmt nd Heujitonm3 ZEN Lipim Joty

Zjgnn`s Eovosonm Zuphromthmehmt3 I`ahrtn Zi`uehz, [gE
Issostimt Zjgnn`s Eovosonm Zuphromthmehmt3 Cnsoh J. [i`onj, [gE

Ehvh`npfhmt Uhif nd tgh Fneu`h

\rothr3 Brostgomh A. @ijsifimi
Heotnr3 Fhrjhehs D. Aijtn`, [gE ime Quao`oti @. Zim [hern
Qhvohwhrs3 I`ojh _. Jiyfn
Firy Qutg Zi`nmli
I`firon _. Eh`i Jruz Cr.
O``ustritnr3
@iynut Irtost3 Bitromi F. Fitois
Fimilhfhmt Uhif3 Zi`nfh [. Fimuh`, [gE
Fhrjhehs D. Aijtn`, [gE
Quao`oti @. Zim [hern
Fh`vom Z. @izirn

[romthe om tg h [go`op pomhs ay Ehpirtfhmt nd Heujitonm ‚ Qhlonm OOO ‚

Zjgnn`s Eovosonm nd

Nddojh Ieerhss3 Enm Zofhn Zt., Zim Tojhmth, Lipim Joty, Muhvi Hjoci
Uh`hdix3 ;55- 574-<?9;
H-fio` Ieerhss3 lipim.jotyKehphe.lnv.pg
 \git O Mhhe tn Bmnw

Ugos fneu`h wis ehsolmhe ime wrotthm dnr tgh `hirmhrs. Idthr lnoml
tgrnulg tgos fneu`h, tgh `hirmhr os hxphjthe tn3
9. ehsjroah gnw rnjbs umehrln whitghroml (Z99Hs-``i-11)2
1. eoddhrhmtoith tgh typhs nd whitghroml2 ime
:. eosjuss gnw tgh eoddhrhmt dijtnrs iddhjt tgh rith nd whitghroml

\git O Bmnw

Eorhjtonms3 Qhie ime imi`yzh tgh dn``nwoml quhstonms. Jgnnsh tgh

`htthr nd tgh jnrrhjt imswhr. \roth ynur imswhr nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr.
9. \gojg nd tgh dn``nwoml prnjhsshs nrolomiths hxthrmi``y tn tgh
Hirtg‟s surdijh>
I. Hmenlhmoj J. Hxthrmi`
A. Hxnlhmoj E. Omthrmi`

1. \git os tgh typh nd jghfoji` whitghroml tgit ripoe`y eossn`vhs

i lrimu`h nd sulir tn dnrf i sulir sn`utonm>
I. iarisonm J. gyern`ysos
A. eossn`utonm E. nxoeitonm

:. \gojg prnjhss hxgoaots tgh arhiboml enwm nd rnjbs nm

Hirtg‟s surdijh>
I. iarisonm J. gyern`ysos
A. eossn`utonm E. nxoeitonm

5. \git typh nd whitghroml njjurs wghm i rnjb os pgysoji``y arnbhm

omtn sfi``hr pohjhs>
I. jghfoji` J. omthrmi`
A. hxthrmi` E. pgysoji`

9
 8. \gojg nd tgh dn``nwoml stithfhmts enhs mnt ehsjroah
eossn`utonm prnjhss>
I. Ugh jrysti` nd gi`oth eossn`vhs ripoe`y ime jnfp`hth`y om withr
tn dnrf i sn`utonm.
A. Ot gipphms wghm h`hfhmts rhijt wotg itfnspghroj nxylhm.
J. @ofhstnmh os jnfpnshe nd ji`joth tgit whitghrs ime
ehvh`nps jivhs tgrnulg tofh.
E. Ugh dnrfitonm nd fomhri` nrhs om eoddhrhmt typhs
nd sheofhmtiry rnjbs.

@hssnm
Hxnlhmoj [rnjhsshs
9 (\hitghroml)

Hxnlhmoj prnjhss omj`uehs lhn`nloji` pghmnfhmi ime prnjhsshs tgit

nrolomith hxthrmi``y/nutsoeh tn tgh Hirtg‟s surdijh. Ughy irh lhmhtoji``y
rh`ithe tn tgh itfnspghrh, gyernspghrh ime aonspghrh, ime tghrhdnrh tn
prnjhsshs nd whitghroml, hrnsonm, trimspnrtitonm, ehpnsotonm, ehmueitonm htj.

Ugos `hssnm wo`` eosjuss tgh prnjhss, typhs ime dijtnrs nd whitghroml.

\git‟s Om

Eorhjtonms3 @ht‟s givh i fhfnry ijtovoty. Om tgh prhvonus `hssnm, ynu

givh `hirmhe wisth fimilhfhmt. O``ustrith i poh jgirt sgnwoml tgh
jnfpnsotonm nd ynur gnushgn`e wisth. @nnb it tgh sifp`h poh jgirt ah`nw.

1
 Dolurh 93 \isth jnfpnsotonm nd Fhtrn Fimo`i lirailh (Isoim Ehvh`npfhmt Aimb, 1;;5).

Luoeh Yuhstonms3

9. \git irh tgh eoddhrhmt wisths drnf ynur gnushgn`e>

1. Jithlnrozh tghf omtn, fhti`s, l`iss, nrlimoj, omnrlimoj, p`istojs ime
botjghm/dnne wisths.
:. \git typh nd wisth njjupohs tgh aollhst pirt nd ynur poh jgirt> \git
wisth os tgh sfi``hst phrjhmtilh>

\git‟s Mhw

Ijtovoty. Zgibh Ot!

Eorhjtonms3 [hrdnrf tgh lovhm tisbs ime imswhr tgh quhstonms tgit
dn``nw nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr.

O-Nachjtovh3 Un ehsjroah gnw rnjbs umehrln whitghroml

OO-Fithroi`s

gimedu` nd sulir/si`t juahs

p`istoj antt`h wotg jnvhr

:
 OOO-[rnjheurh3
9. Uibh i gimedu` sulir/si`t juahs om ynur botjghm.
1. [ut om i cir/jup/l`iss/antt`h ime sgibh tgh jnmtiomhr
i. \git en ynu tgomb wo`` gipphm tn sulir juahs od ynu wo`` sgibh
tgh jnmtiomhr dodthhm tofhs> \roth ynur prheojtonms.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
a. Enhs tgh sgiph nd sulir juahs jgimlh> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
j. \git jiushs tgh sulir juahs‟ sgiph jgimlh> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:. Mnw sgibh tgh jnmtiomhr dodthhm tofhs.

5. Irh ynur prheojtonms jnrrhjt>
8. [nur withr om ynur jnmtiomhr wotg sulir juahs. Nashrvh.
i. \git gipphms tn tgh sulir juahs> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
a. Irh tghrh sulir pirtoj`hs `hdt it tgh anttnf nd tgh jnmtiomhr>
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Ugh sulir/si`t juahs rhprhshmt rnjbs. Zulir juahs wo`` jgimlh

ehphmeoml nm wgit ynu en nr iee tn ot. \ghm ynu sgibh tgh jnmtiomhr, ot wo``
arhib omtn sfi``hr pirts ime wghm ynu pnur withr, ot wo`` eossn`vh tn dnrf i
sn`utonm. Zifh lnhs tn rnjbs. Qnjbs umehrln eoddhrhmt prnjhsshs ime nmh nd
tghsh prnjhsshs os whitghroml.

Parent Rock is a metamorphic rock which

produces a new type of rock. Example:
Slate

\git os Ot Source Rock is a sedimentary rock which

is source of sediments to form another
rock.
\hitghroml os tgh pgysoji` eosomthlritonm ime jghfoji` ehjnfpnsotonm
ay wgojg rnjbs jgimlh upnm hxpnsurh tn pgysoji`, jghfoji` ime aon`nloji`
prnjhsshs it nr mhir tgh Hirtg‟s surdijh tn prneujh im om-sotu fimt`h (om
p`ijh) nd tgh `nnshmhe nr i`thrhe fithroi`. Ot fhims tgit tgos rhijtonm
gipphms nm tgh surdijh nr wotgom tgh rnjb. Ughrh irh twn typhs nd
whitghroml3 pgysoji` whitghroml ime jghfoji` whitghroml.

\git irh tgh typhs nd whitghroml> (Eh`hth tgos quhstonm.)

9. [gysoji` whitghroml (nr fhjgimoji` whitghroml) eosomthlriths rnjbs, arhiboml

tghf omtn sfi``hr pohjhs. Ugos bome nd whitghroml arhibs ipirt tgh rnjb wotgnut

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater,
extremes of temperature, and biological activity. It does not involve the removal of rock
material.

Weathering occurs in situ (on-site or in place, with little or no movement), and so is

distinct from erosion, which involves the transport of rocks and minerals by agents
such as water, ice, snow, wind, waves and gravity
 jgimloml ots jghfoji` jnfpnsotonm. Ugh dn``nwoml irh hxifp`hs tgit o``ustrith
pgysoji` whitghroml.

i. Drnst wheloml- wghm withr lhts omsoeh tgh cnomts, i`thrmith drhhzoml ime
tgiwoml hposnehs pry tgh rnjb ipirt.
a. Zi`t jrysti` lrnwtg- dnrjh hxhrthe ay si`t jrysti` tgit dnrfhe is withr
hvipnriths drnf pnrh spijhs nr jrijbs om rnjbs jim jiush tgh rnjb tn di``
ipirt
j. Iarisonm ‚ whiroml iwiy nd rnjbs ay jnmstimt jn``osonm nd `nnsh pirtoj`hs
e. Aon`nloji` ijtovoty ‚ p`imts ime imofi`s (omj`ueoml gufims) is ilhmts nd
fhjgimoji` whitghroml

1. Jghfoji` whitghroml ehjnfpnshs rnjbs tgrnulg jghfoji` rhijtonms tgit

jgimlh tgh nrolomi` rnjb-dnrfoml fomhri`s. \hitghroml njjurs is i rhspnmsh
tn tgh `nw prhssurh, `nw thfphriturh, ime withr ime nxylhm rojg miturh nd
tgh Hirtg‟s surdijh. Ugh dn``nwoml irh tgh ficnr prnjhsshs nd jghfoji`
whitghroml.

i. Eossn`utonm ‚ eossnjoitonm nd fn`hju`hs omtn onms2 jnffnm

hxifp`h omj`uehs eossn`utonm nd ji`joth ime si`t
a. Nxoeitonm- rhijtonm ahtwhhm fomhri`s ime nxylhm eossn`vhe om withr
j. Gyern`ysos- jgimlh om tgh jnfpnsotonm nd fomhri`s wghm tghy rhijt wotg
withr

:. Aon`nloji` whitghroml os i`sn ji``he aontoj whitghroml. Ugos typh nd whitghroml

os tgh eosomthlritonm nd rnjbs jiushe ay `ovoml nrlimosfs.

i. [`imts gh`p tn jiush pgysoji` ime jghfoji` whitghroml. Ots rnnt

jnmtomuhs tn pusg tgrnulg omtn tgh cnomts nd rnjbs om shirjgoml dnr
fnosturh. Is tgh p`imt lrnws, ots rnnts lrnw `irlhr ime tgojbhr wgojg
jiushs tgh rnjbs tn arhib. Ugh `irlhr ime tgojbhr tgh rnnts, tgh fnrh
prhssurh ot hxhrts nm tgh rnjbs wgojg wo`` rhsu`t tn arhib tgh rnjb.
a. Imofi`s sujg is imts, hirtgwnrfs, rits, riaaots, ime thrfoths
arhibenwm tgh rnjbs tgrnulg aurrnwoml. Ughsh ijtonms jiushs tn
arhibenwm rnjbs. Ugh eosomthlrithe rnjbs wo`` ah hisohr tn ah hxpnshe om
ntghr omthmsh prnjhsshs, nr tn ah hrnehe nr rhfnvhe ay ntghr ilhmts. Ugh
jghfoji` jnfpnsotonm nd tgh rnjbs wo`` jgimlh euh tn fojrnahs. Is i
rhsu`t nd jgimlh om jghfoji` jnfpnsotonm, tgh rnjbs wo`` ah fnrh
susjhptoa`h tn whitghroml.
j. Gufims ijt i solmodojimt rn`h om whitghroml nd rnjbs. Gufim ijtovotohs
`obh ilroju`turh, jnmstrujtonm nd gnushs ime auo`eomls, ehvh`npfhmt nd
rnies, ifnml ntghrs, ehfime i `irlh quimtoty nd rnjbs tn ah arnbhm
enwm. Fomoml nd nrhs ime fomhri`s i`sn jnmtroauths tn arhiboml,

8
 whibhmoml ime `nnshmoml nd rnjbs. Durtghrfnrh, od tghrh os im omjrhish
om pn``utonm, tghrh wo`` ah i`sn im omjrhish ifnumt nd whitghroml ilhmts
om sno`, withr ime wome.

Ughrh irh dijtnrs tgit iddhjt tgh typh, hxthmt, ime rith it wgojg whitghroml
tibhs p`ijh.

i. J`ofith
Irhis tgit irh jn`e ime ery thme tn givh s`nw riths nd jghfoji`
whitghroml ime whitghroml os fnst`y pgysoji`2 jghfoji` whitghroml os fnst
ijtovh om irhis wotg golg thfphriturh ime riomdi``.
a. Qnjb typh
Ugh fomhri`s tgit jnmstotuth rnjbs givh eoddhrhmt susjhptoao`otohs tn
whitghroml. Ugh susjhptoao`oty nd fomhri`s (drnf golg tn `nw) rnulg`y dn``nws
tgh omvhrsh nd tgh nrehr nd jrysti``ozitonm nd fomhri`s om tgh Anwhm‟s rhijtonm
shrohs. Ugus, n`ovomh wgojg jrysti``ozhs dorst os tgh `hist rhsostimt wghrhis2
quirtz wgojg jrysti``ozhs `ist os tgh fnst rhsostimt.
j. Qnjb strujturh
Qith nd whitghroml os iddhjthe ay tgh prhshmjh nd cnomts, dn`es, diu`ts,
aheeoml p`imhs tgrnulg wgojg ilhmts nd whitghroml hmthr i rnjb fiss.
Golg`y cnomthe/ drijturhe rnjbs eosomthlrith disthr tgim i sn`oe fiss nd rnjb
nd tgh sifh eofhmsonm
e. Unpnlripgy
[gysoji` whitghroml njjurs fnrh quojb`y nm i sthhp s`nph tgim nm i
lhmt`h nmh. Nm i lhmt`h s`nph, withr fiy stiy `nmlhr om jnmtijt wotg tgh
rnjbs, ghmjh jghfoji` whitghroml os hmgimjhe.
h. Uofh
@hmltg nd hxpnsurh tn ilhmts nd whitghr ehthrfomhs tgh ehlrhh nd
whitghroml nd i rnjb

Ztuey tgh tia`h ah`nw tgit sgnws gnw tghsh dijtnrs iddhjt whitghroml

Dijtnr Dijtnr Gnw enhs ot iddhjt whitghroml>

J`ofith3 Od ynu ln aijb tn tgh jghfoji`

Jn`e ime ery 6 s`nw rith nd jghfoji` whitghroml prnjhsshs, fnst od mnt i`` irh
whitghroml jghfoji` rhijtonms omvn`voml withr.
Golg thfphriturh ime golg riomdi`` 6 Ghmjh, tgh prhshmjh nd withr wgojg os im
golg rith nd jghfoji` ofpnrtimt jghfoji` whitghroml ilhmt
\hitghroml omjrhishs tgh rith nd whitghroml. Golg
thfphriturh hmgimjhs jghfoji`
rhijtonms.

4
Qnjb Uyph3 Qhji`` tgit thfphriturh os im
\hitghroml riths rnulg`y dn``nw tgh ofpnrtimt dijtnr nd fomhri` dnrfitonm/
omvhrsh nd tgh nrehr nd jrysti``ozitonm nd
jrysti``ozitonm. N`ovomh jrysti``ozhs it
fomhri`s om tgh Anwhm‟s rhijtonm golg thfphriturh wgo`h quirtz it tgh
shrohs. Ji`joth `nwhst thfphriturh is jnfpirhe tn tgh
ntghr fomhri`s. Ughrhdnrh, quirtz os tgh
fnst stia`h nm surdijh jnmeotonms (`nw
thfphriturh jnmeotonms), wgo`h tgh ntghr
fomhri`s om tgh shrohs wnu`e ah `hss
stia`h. N`ovomh wnu`e ah `hist stia`h.
@ofhstnmh gnwhvhr wo`` givh i golg
susjhptoao`oty tn whitghroml hvhm tgnulg
ot os dnrfhe it surdijh thfphriturh,
ahjiush ot jim ah hiso`y eossn`vhe ay
withr (joth Angn` jgnjn`ith go``s dnr
hxifp`h)
Qnjb Ztrujturh3 Ughsh jrijbs/strujturhs dijo`otith
Ugh prhshmjh nd jrijbs wghrh ilhmts nd tgh hmtry nd whitghroml ilhmts.
whitghroml (withr, p`imt rnnts, htj.)
jim hmthr hmgimjhs whitghroml
Unpnlripgy3 Ah jirhdu` nm tgos ahjiush tgos os i
[gysoji` whitghroml njjurs fnrh vhry trojby dijtnr. [gysoji` whitghroml
quojb`y nm i sthhp s`nph tgim nm i njjurs disthr wghm tgh s`nph os sthhp
lhmt`h nmh euh tn tgh golghr s`nph‟s susjhptoao`oty
tn fiss wistoml ime tgh golghr rith it
wgojg mhw fithroi`s irh hxpnshe tn
ilhmts nd fiss wistoml (riomwithr jim
hiso`y wisg iwiy whitghrhe fithroi`s
enwms`nph). Gnwhvhr om lhmt`h s`nphs,
tgh rith nd jghfoji` whitghroml fiy
ah golghr. Ugos os euh tn tgh dijt tgit
withr wgojg os im ilhmt nd whitghroml
fiy stiy `nmlhr om tgh lhmt`h s`nphs
Uofh3 Ugh `nmlhr tgh tofh nd hxpnsurh tn
@nmlhr tofh nd hxpnsurh tn ilhmts nd whitghroml ilhmts, tgh golghr ehlrhh nd
whitghroml fhims golghr rith nd whitghroml prnjhsshs wo`` njjur. \ghm
whitghroml. tgh rnjb gis ahhm whibhmhe, ot os hisohr
tn arhib.

<
 \git‟s Fnrh

Ijtovoty 9. Arhib Fh Enwm.

Eorhjtonms3 Jnpy tgh tia`h ah`nw nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr. Ughm,

phrdnrf tgh lovhm tisbs ime wroth ynur nashrvitonms ay do``oml nut hijg jh``
om tgh tia`h.
Ugos ijtovoty wo`` dnjus nm tgh typhs nd whitghroml ime tgh dijtnrs
tgit omd`uhmjh tgh rith nd whitghroml.

Fithroi`s3
: pohjhs nd imtijoe tia`hts ? j`hir jups/l`iss
\ithr- gnt ime jn`e Tomhlir-rnnf thfphriturh
Zpnnm Ztnpwitjg

[rnjheurh3
9. @iah` tgh jups ijjnreoml tn tgh pirtoj`h sozh nd tgh imtijoe-wgn`h,
arnbhm ime jrusghe.
1. Xsoml i spnnm arhib nmh tia`ht sht isoeh. Jrusghe nmh tia`ht usoml i
spnnm ime sht isoeh. Ugh rhfiomoml nmh tia`ht, `hivh ot is i wgn`h.
:. [nur hqui` vn`ufh (gi`d jup) nd issolmhe `oquoe tn tgh jups.
5. Ernp tgh tia`ht (wgn`h, arnbhm, ime jrusghe) omtn tgh ipprnproith
jups ime rhjnre tgh tofh om shjnmes (s) drnf wghm tgh tia`ht gis
jnfp`hth`y eossn`vhe ime mn trijhs nd tgh tia`ht os vosoa`h.
8. Do`` om tgh tia`h ah`nw wotg ynur litghrhe eiti.

Eossn`utonm Uofh (s)

[irtoj`h Zozh Qnnf Qnnf

thfphriturh Gnt withr thfphriturh
withr vomhlir

\gn`h Uia`ht

Arnbhm Uia`ht

Jrusghe
Uia`ht

7
 4. [`nt tgh eossn`utonm tofhs om i air lripg wghrh _ ixos os tgh
eossn`utonm tofh (s) ime W ixos os tgh [irtoj`h sozh (wgn`h, arnbhm,
jrusghe). Xsh eoddhrhmt jn`nrs tn rhprhshmt tgh eoddhrhmt `oquoes ushe om
tgh ijtovoty.

Ijtovoty 1. If O Om nr If O Nut>

Eorhjtonms3 Oehmtody wgit bome nd whitghroml os ehsjroahe ah`nw. \roth

[ od ot os pgysoji` whitghroml ime J, od ot os jghfoji` whitghroml.

P 9. rhphithe ofpijt nd rummoml withr

P 1. lromeoml nd rnjbs
C :. jiranm eonxoeh ehpnsotonm om rnjbs
C 5. eossn`utonm nd rnjbs om withr
C 8. nxoeitonm nd ornm om rnjbs
P 4. hrneoml nd sheofhmts
P <. jrijbhe ahmhitg nd rnjbs
P 7. omj`omhe s`nph nd i rovhr
C ?. golg rustoml jgioms nd rnjbs
C 9;. ji`jouf jiranmith lhts eossn`vhe om ijoeoj sno` dnume om ahernjb

\git O Givh @hirmhe

Ijtovoty 9. Jnmjhpt Fippoml

Eorhjtonms3 O``ustrith i jnmjhpt fip. Do`` om tgh anx wotg tgh wnres
`osthe ah`nw tn jnfp`hth tgh eoilrif. \roth tgh wnres nm i shpirith sghht nd
piphr.

?
 9. WEATHERING

:.
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
1.

5.
FROST-WEDGING 7.
DISSOLUTION
SALT CRYSTAL
8.
GROWTH
OXIDATION
?.

ABRASION
4.

HYDROLYSIS
9;.
<. ACTIVITY
BIOLOGICAL

. drnst wheloml H. pgysoji` whitghroml O. si`t jrysti` lrnwtg

A. iarisonm D. aon`nloji` ijtovoty C. whitghroml

J. eossn`utonm L. gyern`ysos

E. nxoeitonm G. jghfoji` whitghroml

Ijtovoty 1. Eriw Fh!

Eorhjtonms3 Nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr, o``ustrith ime ehsjroah gnw

tgh prneujts nd whitghroml irh jirrohe iwiy ay hrnsonm ime ehpnsothe
h`shwghrh.

9;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

\git O Jim En

Ijtovoty 9. Fysthry \nres

Eorhjtonms3 Dome ime wroth tgh `htthrs tgit jnrrhspnmes tn hijg mufahr tn
dnrf tgh wnre. Xsh is fimy rhdhrhmjhs is ynu jim tn ehdomh hijg nd tghsh thrfs.
\roth ynu imswhr nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr.

I A J E H D L G O C B @ F

9 1 : 5 8 4 < 7 ? 9; 99 91 9:

M N [ Y Q Z U X T \ W _ S

95 98 94 9< 97 9? 1; 19 11 1: 15 18 14

9. TEMPERATURE
^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
1; 8 9: 94 8 97 9 1; 19 97 8

1. PRESSURE
^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^
94 97 8 9? 9? 19 97 8

:. EROSION
^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
8 97 98 9? ? 98 95

5. COLLISION
^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
: 98 91 91 ? 9? ? 98 95

8. MASS WASTING
^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
9: 9 9? 9? 1: 9 9? 1; ? 95 <

Ijtovoty 1. Hssiy.

Eorhjtonms3 Qhie ime imi`yzh tgh dn``nwoml quhstonms. Ughm wroth ynur
imswhrs nm i shpirith sghht nd piphr.

99
 Zno` hrnsonm os nmh nd tgh mituri` ji`ifotohs tgit fnst nd tgh Do`opomn
jnffumoty hxphrohmjoml. \git os tgh jiush ime hddhjt nd sno` hrnsonm> Is i
stuehmt, wgit wo`` ynu en tn prnthjt tgh jnffumoty>

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Quaroj dnr Hssiy

Zjnroml Quarojs dnr Hssiy

Jithlnry 8 pnomts 5 pnomts : pnomts 1 pnomts 9 pnomt [nomts
Jnmthmt Ugh `hirmhr‟s Ugh `hirmhr‟s Ugh `hirmhr‟s Ugh `hirmhr‟s Ugh
oehi os j`hir oehi os j`hir oehi os j`hir oehi os j`hir `hirmhr‟s
ime `ost enwm ime `ost enwm ime `ost enwm ime `ost enwm oehi os
dnur hxifp`h tgrhh twn hxifp`h nmh hxifp`h iashmt
nd gufim hxifp`h nd nd gufim nd gufim ime
ijtovotohs. gufim ijtovotohs. ijtovotohs. tghrh os
ijtovotohs. mn `osthe
hxifp`h
nd
gufim
ijtovotohs.
Nrlimozitonm Ugh d`nw nd Ugh d`nw nd Ugh d`nw nd Ugh d`nw nd
hssiy jim ah hssiy jim ah hssiy os i aot hssiy os
hiso`y fnst`y eoddoju`t tn eoddoju`t tn
dn``nwhe. dn``nwhe. dn``nw. dn``nw.
Lriffir Ughrh irh mn Nmh tn twn Ugrhh nr fnrh Unn fimy
lriffir, lriffir, hrrnrs hrrnrs om
sph``oml, sph``oml, lriffir, lriffir,
pumjtuitonm, pumjtuitonm, sph``oml, sph``oml,
jipoti`ozitonm. jipoti`ozitonm. pumjtuitonm, pumjtuitonm,
jipoti`ozitonm. jipoti`ozitonm.

Isshssfhmt

Eorhjtonms3 Qhie ime imi`yzh tgh dn``nwoml quhstonms. Jgnnsh

tgh `htthr nd tgh jnrrhjt imswhr. \roth ynur imswhr nm i shpirith nd sghht
piphr.

9. \gojg nd tgh dn``nwoml prnjhss om wgojg i p`imt lrnws omtn i

jhfhmt d`nwhr anx prneujoml i jrijb nm ot>
I. iarisonm J. gyern`ysos
A. eossn`utonm E. nxoeitonm
91
1. \gojg prnjhss os hxgoaothe wghm withr rhijts wotg nmh fomhri` tn
dnrf i mhw fomhri`>
I. iarisonm J. gyern`ysos
A. eossn`utonm E. nxoeitonm

:. \gojg gufim ijtovotohs fiy MNU rhsu`t tn tgh fnvhfhmt nd

sheofhmts drnf nmh p`ijh tn imntghr>
I. lirehmoml J. auo`eoml i golgwiy
A. eryoml nd j`ntghs E. ehvh`npoml i dnntai`` doh`e

5. \git typh nd whitghroml njjurs wghm i rnjb os pgysoji``y arnbhm

omtn sfi``hr pohjhs>
I. jghfoji` J. omthrmi`
A. hxthrmi` E. pgysoji`

8. Jnumtry W gis i golg thfphriturh ime golg riomdi``. \gojg nd tgh

dn``nwoml dijtnr nd whitghroml os fnst iddhjthe om tgos jnumtry>
I. j`ofith J. rnjb strujturh
A. rnjb typh E. tofh

9:
Imswhr Bhy

95
Qhdhrhmjhs

Firquhz, Heimcir`n C. ime Istroe Bnromi Z. Lian, Ugh Hirtg3 Ots Fithroi`s,
[rnjhsshs ime Gostnry . (Yuhznm Joty3 Zt.Ahrmiehtth [ua`osgoml
Gnush Jnrpnritonm, 1;94), 4<-47.

N`ovir, Cnsh Un`hmtomn OO ime Immi Jghry``h Fnri`hs-Qifns,Hirtg ime @odh

Zjohmjh. (Yuhznm Joty3 [gnhmox [ua`osgoml Gnush, Omj., 1;94),:8-:?.

B tn 91.Uhijgoml Luoeh. Hirtg Zjohmjh.

98