A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Priyanshu (1013114)
Ms. Ritu Juneja
Professor(ECE) Balram(1013107)
Himanshu(1013108)
Sourabh (1013120)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, KABLANA,
JHAJJAR-124104 (HARYANA)
SESSION 2023-24
GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT,
JHAJJAR, HARYANA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work entitled " DUAL AXIS SOLAR
TRACKER ", which is being submitted by

Priyanshu (1013114) [LEADER]

Balram (1013107 )
Himanshu (1013108)
Saurabh (1013120 )

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering submitted at, Ganga
Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana in
duration of 4 MONTH is an authentic record of their work carried out under my
supervision.

The matter presented in this project work has not been submitted for the award of
any other degree of this or any other university. It is assumed that they had not
copied it from anywhere. If any material found copied, they will be responsible for
that.
Ms. Ritu Juneja
Professor(ECE)
KABLANA, JHAJJAR-124104
(HARYANA)
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “DUAL AXIS SOLAR
TRACKER” is an authenticated work carried out by us for the partial fulfillment of
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication
Engineering submitted at, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana,
Jhajjar, Haryana. This work has not been submitted for similar purpose anywhere
else.

Priyanshu (1013114)
Balram (1013107)
Himanshu (1013108)
Sourabh (1013120 )

B.TECH-ECE–8THSEM
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is both an elevating and humbling experience to acknowledge all the people involved in this
work. Many individuals have contributed to this project work with their advice, interest, time and
support. They are the wind beneath my wings. We thank almighty for his compassion and
bountiful of blessings for making everything possible.

We would specially like to thanks our worthy guide Ms. RITU JUNEJA , ( PROFESSOR OF
ECE DEPARTMENT ) who supervised us to complete this project. His /Her technical advice,
ideas and constructive criticism contributed to the success of this report. She suggested us many
ideas and solved our puzzles when we were in need. Her/his motivation and help has been of
great inspiration to me.

We would also like to thanks our respected Dr. Rakesh Kumar Joon HOD (ECE) and faculty
members of ECE department for providing us the opportunities, support and the necessary help
to complete this project work.

Priyanshu (1013114)
Balram (1013107)
Himanshu(1013108)
Saurabh (1013120)
B.TECH- ECE – 8TH SEM
 ABSTRACT

The goal of this thesis was to develop a laboratory prototype of a solar tracking
system, which is able to enhance the performance of the photovoltaic modules
in a solar energy system. The operating principle of the device is to keep the
photovoltaic modules constantly aligned with the sunbeams, which maximizes
the exposure of solar panel to the Sun’s radiation. As a result, more output
power can be produced by the solar panel. The work of the project included
hardware design and implementation, together with software programming
for the microcontrollers unit of the solar tracker. The system utilized an
ATmega328P microcontrollers to control motion of two servo motors, which
rotate solar panel in two axes. The amount of rotation was determined by the
microcontrollers, based on inputs retrieved from four photo sensors located
next to solar panel. At the end of the project, a functional solar tracking system
was designed and implemented. It was able to keep the solar panel aligned
with the sun, or any light source repetitively. Design of the solar tracker from
this project is also a reference and a starting point for the development of
more advanced systems in the future.
 CONTENT :-

 Introduction
 Working Principle
 Flow Chart
 Mathematical Model
 Hardware Model
 Detailed Explanation
- ARDUINO
- LDR
- SERVO MOTOR
 Description of Software Program
 LDR Program and Graph
 Solar Panel and connection Load
 Dual Axis Movement of Solar Tracker
 Benefits and Demerits of Solar Energy
 Observation and Result
 Scope of Project
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION
With the unavoidable shortage of fossil fuel sources in the future, renewable
types of energy have become a topic of interest for researchers, technicians,
investors and decision makers all around the world. New types of energy that
are getting attention include hydroelectricity, bio energy, solar, wind and
geothermal energy, tidal power and wave power. Because of their renew
ability, they are considered as favourable replacements for fossil fuel sources.
Among those types of energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is one ofthe most
available resources. This technology has been adopted more widely for
residential use nowadays, thanks to research and development activities to
improve solar cells’ performance and lower the cost. According to
International Energy Agency (IEA), worldwide PV capacity has grown at 49%
per year on average since early 2000s. Solar PV energy is highly expected to
become a major source of power in the future.

However, despite the advantages, solar PV energy is still far from replacing
traditional sources on the market. It is still a challenge to maximise power
output of PV systems in areas that don’t receive a large amount of solar
radiation. We still need more advanced technologies from manufacturers to
improve the capability of PV materials, but improvement of system design and
module construction is a feasible approach to make solar PV power more
efficient, thus being a reliable choice for customers. Aiming for that purpose,
this project had been carried out to support the development of such
promising technology.

One of the main methods of increasing efficiency is to maximize the duration

of exposure to the Sun. Tracking systems help achieve this by keeping PV solar
panels aligned at the appropriate angle with the sun rays at any time. The goal
of this project is to build a prototype of light tracking system at smaller scale,
but the design can be applied for any solar energy system in practice. It is also
expected from this project a quantitative measurement of how well tracking
system performs compared to system with fixed mounting method.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
 Resistance of LDR depends on intensity of the light and it varies according
to it. The higher is the intensity of light, lower will be the LDR resistance and
due to this the output voltage lowers and when the light intensity is low,
higher will be the LDR resistance and thus higher output voltage is
obtained.
 A potential divider circuit is used to get the output voltage from the sensors
(LDRs).The circuit is shown here.

 The LDR senses the analog input in voltages between 0 to 5 volts and
provides a digital number at the output which generally ranges from 0 to
1023.
 Now this will give feedback to the microcontroller using the arduino

software(IDE).

 The servo motor position can be controlled by this mechanism which is

discussed later in the hardware model.

 The tracker finally adjusts its position sensing the maximum intensity of
light falling perpendicular to it and stays there till it notices any further
change.
 The sensitivity of the LDR depends on point source of light. It hardly shows
any effect on diffuse lighting condition.
 BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

An overview of the required circuit for the Dual-axes solar tracker is shown
here.

The 5V supply is fed from an USB 5V dc voltage source through Arduino Board.

Servo X :Rotates solar panel along X direction

Servo Y :Rotates solar panel along Y direction

FLOW CHART
 MATHEMATICAL MODEL
MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS REQUIRED
INVERSE SQUARE LAW

The illumination upon a surface varies inversely as the square of the distance
of the surface

form the source. Thus, if the illumination at a surface 1 metre from the source
is I units, then the illumination at 2 metres will be I/4, at 3 metres will be I/9
and so on.

In fact inverse square law operates only when the light rays are from a point
source and are incident normally upon the surface.

Thus illumination in lamberts/m2 on a normal plane= Candle power/ (Distance

in metres)

LAMBERT’S COSINE LAW

The illumination received on a surface is proportional to the cosine of the

angle between the direction of the incident light rays and normal to the
surface at the point of incidence.
This is mainly due to the reduction of the projected area as the angle of
incidence increases.

Thus, the equations are:

Eθ = Ecosθ = I.cos𝜃 / 𝐷2

where,

Eθ= illumination on horizontal plane

E= illumination due to light normally incident

θ= the angle of incidence

D= distance from the surface

HARDWARE MODEL

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SOLAR TRACKER:

Light detector Light detector Light detector

(X – direction) (Y– direction) (Z – direction)

By this Fritzing-based circuit diagram of this project. you can get the actual connection of the
project. if you still stuck anywhere you can ask us in the comment section.

Connection Table

Arduino UNO Servo Motor 1 Servo Motor 2

D9 Pin Out Pin

D10 Pin Out Pin
+5V VCC
GND GND
Arduino UNO LDR 1 LDR 2 LDR 3 LDR 4 4p, 10k Res
A0 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A3 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A1 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A2 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
+5V Ter. 2 Ter. 2 Ter. 2 Ter. 2
GND Ter. 2

Ter. 1 = Terminal 1

Ter. 12= Terminal 2

EXPLANATION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM:

As we see in the block diagram, there are three Light Dependent Resistors
(LDRs) which are placed on a common plate with solar panel. Light from a
source strikes on them by different amounts. Due to their inherent property of
decreasing resistance with increasing incident light intensity, i.e.
photoconductivity, the value of resistances of all the LDRs is not always same.

Each LDR sends equivalent signal of their respective resistance value to the
Microcontroller which is configured by required programming logic. The values
are compared with each other by considering a particular LDR value as
reference.

One of the two dc servo motors is mechanically attached with the driving axle
of the other one so that the former will move with rotation of the axle of latter
one. The axle of the former servo motor is used to drive a solar panel. These
two-servo motors are arranged in such a way that the solar panel can move
along X-axis as well as Y-axis.

The microcontroller sends appropriate signals to the servo motors based on

the input signals received from the LDRs. One servo motor is used for tracking
along x-axis and the other is for y-axis tracking.

In this way the solar tracking system is designed.

Components Required:-
 Arduino Uno
 4 LDR ( LIght dependent resistor)
 4- 10K Ohm Resistor
 2- Servo Motor
 Solar Panel
 Jumper wire
 Breadboard
 ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. Arduino
is an open-source, prototyping platform and its simplicity makes it ideal for
hobbyists to use as well as professionals. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and
a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to- DC
adapter or battery to get started.

The Arduino Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2
microcontroller chip programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of
Arduino 1.0. The Arduino Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of
Arduno, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform.
 LDR
• It is a photo-resistor is a device whose resistivity is a function of the incident

electromagnetic radiation. Hence, they are light sensitive devices. They are
also called as photo conductors, photo conductive cells or simply photocells.

• They are made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance.

• LDR works on the principle of photo conductivity.

Photo conductivity is an optical phenomenon in which the material’s

conductivity is increased when light is absorbed by the material.

The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in
the lightintensity falling upon the device (as shown in the image above). The
resistance of an LDR may typically have the following resistances:

Daylight = 5000Ω

Dark = 20000000Ω

Therefore, it is seen that there is a large variation between these figures.

Ifthis variation is plotted on a graph, something similar to the figure given below can be
seen.
 SERVO MOTOR
A DC servo motor consists of a small DC motor, feedback potentiometer,
gearbox, motor drive electronic circuit and electronic feedback control loop. It
is more or less similar to the normal DC motor.

The stator of the motor consists of a cylindrical frame and the magnet is
attached to the inside of the frame.

A brush is built with an armature coil that supplies the current to the
commutator. At the back of the shaft, a detector is built into the rotor in order
to detect the rotation speed.

With this construction, it is simple to design a controller using simple circuitry

because the torque is proportional to the amount of current flow through the
armature.
Arduino code:-

#include <Servo.h>
Servo horizontal; // horizontal servo
int servoh = 180;
int servohLimitHigh = 175;
int servohLimitLow = 5;
// 65 degrees MAX

Servo vertical; // vertical servo

int servov = 45;
int servovLimitHigh = 100;
int servovLimitLow = 1;

// LDR pin connections

// name = analogpin;
int ldrlt = A0; //LDR top left – BOTTOM LEFT <— BDG
int ldrrt = A3; //LDR top rigt – BOTTOM RIGHT
int ldrld = A1; //LDR down left – TOP LEFT
int ldrrd = A2; //ldr down rigt – TOP RIGHT

void setup(){
horizontal.attach(9);
vertical.attach(10);
horizontal.write(180);
vertical.write(45);
delay(2500);
}
void loop() {
int lt = analogRead(ldrlt); // top left
int rt = analogRead(ldrrt); // top right
int ld = analogRead(ldrld); // down left
int rd = analogRead(ldrrd); // down right
int dtime = 10; int tol = 90; // dtime=diffirence time,
tol=toleransi
int avt = (lt + rt) / 2; // average value top
int avd = (ld + rd) / 2; // average value down
int avl = (lt + ld) / 2; // average value left
int avr = (rt + rd) / 2; // average value right
int dvert = avt – avd; // check the diffirence of up and down
int dhoriz = avl – avr;// check the diffirence og left and rigt

if (-1*tol > dvert || dvert > tol)

{
if (avt > avd)
{
servov = ++servov;
if (servov > servovLimitHigh)
{servov = servovLimitHigh;}
}
else if (avt < avd)
{servov= –servov;
if (servov < servovLimitLow)
{ servov = servovLimitLow;}
}
vertical.write(servov);
}
if (-1*tol > dhoriz || dhoriz > tol) // check if the diffirence is
in the tolerance else change horizontal angle
{
if (avl > avr)
{
servoh = –servoh;
if (servoh < servohLimitLow)
{
servoh = servohLimitLow;
}
}
else if (avl < avr)
{
servoh = ++servoh;
if (servoh > servohLimitHigh)
{
servoh = servohLimitHigh;
}
}
else if (avl = avr)
{
delay(5000);
}
horizontal.write(servoh);
}

delay(dtime);

}
DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE PROGRAM
STEPS:

• First of all, both the servos are declared and object is created to control the
servo motors.

• The variables posx and posy are used to store the reference servo positions.

• The ADC input pins for LDRs are selected for dual direction movement and
one for reference.

• A tolerance or a constant value is selected to establish the working of the

motors.

• The servos are attached on digital pins to the servo object.

• The required analog pins are selected as input using pinMode(pin , mode)

• The servos are sets to mid-point or original position with a 1000ms or 1sec
delay to catch up with the user.

• Three variables are chosen to read the analog values and map it into integers

value between 0 and 1023.

• If the difference between the two variables is less than the tolerance value
then it will stays to its or original location else it shows movement towards the

direction of maximum intensity of light by incrementing or decrementing the

values of posx and posy.

• The position is then written to servo and the loop repeats till it encounter
any changes in the values of input greater than the minimum tolerance.

• If the position becomes greater than 150˚then position will be set to

150˚only and if the position of the motor is less than 30˚then it would be kept
at 30˚only as the lower and upper limit angles are chosen to be 30˚and
150˚respectively.
 LDR PROGRAM AND GRAPH
void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop()

int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);

Serial.println(sensorValue);

delay(10);

}
 SOLAR PANEL AND CONNECTED LOAD
➢ Solar panel is placed at the top and connected to a load directly. The load
may a led or a voltmeter which could be connected to get the exact voltage
which depends on the intensity of light falling on the panel and the position of
the tracker.

➢ Concentrated solar photovoltaics’ and have optics that directly accept

sunlight, so solar trackers must be angled correctly to collect energy. All
concentrated solar systems have trackers because the systems do not produce
energy unless directed correctly toward the sun.

➢ The solar panel is just a mere device to accept the light radiation which is
purely controlled by LDR sensors and the load connected depends upon the
rating of the panel used.
DUAL AXIS MOVEMENT OF SOLAR TRACKER
➢ The dual axis solar tracker is device which senses the light and positions
towards the maximum intensity of light. It is made in such a way to track the
light coming from any direction.

➢ To simulate the general scenario of the Sun’s movement, the total coverage
of the movement of the tracker is considered as 120˚ in both the directions.

➢ The initial position of both the servo motors are chosen at 90˚i.e, for east-
west servo motor as well as for north-south servo motor.

➢ The position of the tracker ascends or descends only when the threshold
value is above the tolerance limit.
Approximation of power output (red line) compared to maximum output (blue

line) for a fix mounted solar module:

BENEFITS AND DEMERITS OF SOLAR ENERGY
There are several benefits that solar energy has and which make it favourable
for many uses.

Benefits:
 Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source.
 Once a solar panel is installed, the energy is produced at reduced costs.
 Whereas the reserves of oil of the world are estimated to be depleted in
future, solar energy will last forever.
 It is pollution free.
 Solar cells are free of any noise. On the other hand, various machines
used for
 pumping oil or for power generation are noisy.
 Once solar cells have been installed and running, minimal maintenance is
required.
 Some solar panels have no moving parts, making them to last even longer
with no maintenance.
 On average, it is possible to have a high return on investment because of
the free energy solar panels produce.
 Solar energy can be used in very remote areas where extension of the
electricity
 power grid is costly.

Demerits:
 Solar panels can be costly to install resulting in a time lag of many years for
savings
 on energy bills to match initial investments.
 Generation of electricity from solar is dependent on the country’s exposure
to
 sunlight. That means some countries are slightly disadvantaged.
 Solar power stations do not match the power output of conventional power
stations of similar size. Furthermore, they may be expensive to build.
 Solar power is used for charging large batteries so that solar powered
devices can be used in the night. The batteries used can be large and heavy,
taking up plenty of space and needing frequent replacement.

FINALLY,

As the merits are more than the demerits, the use of solar power is considered
as a clean and viable source of energy. The various limitations can be reduced
through various ways.
 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULT
WHAT WE HAVE OBSERVED....

In this Dual Axis Solar Tracker, when source light falls on the panel, the panel
adjusts its position according to maximum intensity of light falling
perpendicular to it.

The objective of the project is completed. This was achieved through using
light sensors that are able to detect the amount of sunlight that reaches the
solar panel. The values obtained by the LDRs are compared and if there is any
significant difference, there is actuation of the panel using a servo motor to the
point where it is almost perpendicular to the rays of the sun.

This was achieved using a system with three stages or subsystems. Each stage
has its own role.

The stages were;

 An input stage that was responsible for converting incident light to a

voltage.
 A control stage that was responsible for controlling actuation and decision
making.
 A driver stage with the servo motor. It was responsible for actual
movement of the panel.

The input stage is designed with a voltage divider circuit so that it gives desired
range of illumination for bright illumination conditions or when there is dim
lighting. The potentiometer was adjusted to cater for such changes. The LDRs
were found to be most suitable for this project because their resistance varies
with light. They are readily available and are cost effective. Temperature
sensors for instance would be costly.

The control stage has a microcontroller that receives voltages from the LDRs
and determines the action to be performed. The microcontroller is
programmed to ensure it sends a signal to the servo motor that moves in
accordance with the generated error.
The final stage was the driving circuitry that consisted mainly of the servo
motor. The servo motor had enough torque to drive the panel. Servo motors
are noise free and are affordable, making them the best choice for the project.
 SCOPE OF WORK IN THE PROJECT
The solar project was implemented using two servo motors. The choice was
informed by the fact that the motor is fast, can sustain high torque, has precise
rotation within limited angle and does not produce any noise. The Arduino IDE
was used for the coding. Kolkata has coordinates of 22.5726°N, 88.3639°E and
therefore the position of the sun will vary in a significant way during the year.
In the tropics, the sun position varies considerably during certain seasons.
There is the design of an input stage that facilitates conversion of light into a
voltage by the light dependent resistors, LDRs. There is comparison of the two
voltages, then the microcontrollers uses the difference as the error. The servo
motor uses this error to rotate through a corresponding angle for the
adjustment of the position of the solar panel until such a time that the voltage
outputs in the LDRs are equal. The difference between the voltages of the
LDRs is received as analog readings.

Function of the processor: The analog readings are converted to integer values
by ADC input ports which is compared in order to get the difference value for
motor movement.

The difference is transmitted to the servo motor and it thus moves to ensure
the two LDRs are an equal inclination. This means they will be receiving the
same amount of light, and the Solar panel will receive the sunlight at 90°, (the
plane of PV panel will make an angle 90° with the Sun, and the perpendicular
drawn on the plane makes an angle 0° with the Sun, to ensure maximum
illumination: Lambert’s cosine Law) The procedure is repeated throughout the
day. Tracker systems work on two simple principles together. One being, the
normal principle of incidence and reflection on which our tracker works and
the other is the principle on which the solar (PV) panel works, which will
produce electricity. Both these principles can be combined and as a result of
which it can produce nearly double the output that the panel specifies
normally.
 CONCLUSION

In this 21st century, as we build up our technology, population & growth, the
energy consumption per capita increases exponentially, as well as our energy
resources (e.g. fossils fuels) decrease rapidly. So, for sustainable development,
we have to think alternative methods (utilization of renewable energy sources)
in order to fulfil our energy demand.

In this project, Dual Axis Solar Tracker, we’ve developed a demo model of solar
tracker to track the maximum intensity point of light source so that the voltage
given at that point by the solar panel is maximum. After a lot of trial and errors
we’ve successfully completed our project and we are proud to invest some
effort for our society. Now, like every other experiment, this project has couple
of imperfections.

(i) Our panel senses the light in a sensing zone, beyond which it fails to
respond.

(ii) If multiple sources of light (i.e. diffused light source) appear on panel, it
calculates the vector sum of light sources & moves the panel in that point.

This project was implemented with minimal resources. The circuitry was kept
simple, understandable and user friendly.
FEATURES:

High Performance, Low Power Atmel®AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller Family

• Advanced RISC Architecture

– 131 Powerful Instructions

– Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers

– Fully Static Operation

– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20MHz

– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments

– 32KBytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash program

Memory

– 1KBytes EEPROM

– 2KBytes Internal SRAM

– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

– Data Retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)

– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits

• In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program

• True Read-While-Write Operation

1) Programming Lock for Software Security

2) Operating Voltage: 5v

3) Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

4) Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V

5) Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

6) Analog Input Pins: 6

7) DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA

8) DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

9) Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

10) SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)

11) EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)

12) Clock Speed: 16 MHz

✓ SOLAR PANEL
1) Maximum Voltage: 4volts (under load)

2) Maximum Voltage: 4.8volts (no load)

3) Rated Current: 100mA

4) Dimension: 6 cm (L) x 6 cm (W) x 0.25 cm (t)

5) Maximum Wattage: 0.5W

REFERENCES
[1] Solar Tracking Hardware and Software by Gerro J Prinsloo

[2] Design and Implementation of a Sun Tracker with a Dual-Axis Single Motor

“Jing-Min Wang and Chia-Liang Lu’’

[3] Sensors and Transducers...Second Edition...’’D.Patranabis”

[4] Atmel ATmega48A/PA/88A/PA/168A/PA/328/P-datasheet

[5] Utilisation of Electrical Power. Author, Er. R. K. Rajput.

[6] Arduino Programming Book. Author, Brian W. Evans

Step-by-step instructions to operate:

1. Turn on the power supply to the dual-axis solar tracker controller.

2. Make sure the tracker is facing south (for Northern Hemisphere locations) or
north (for Southern Hemisphere locations) before activating the tracker.

3. Engage the tracking system by pressing the "Start" or "Engage" button on

the controller.

4. Monitor the tracker's movement to ensure it is tracking the sun accurately.

5. If needed, adjust the tracking parameters or alignment manually using the

control panel.

6. Regularly check the solar output to ensure that the tracker is optimizing the
solar panels' efficiency.

7. To turn off the tracker, press the "Stop" or "Disengage" button on the
controller.

8. Turn off the power supply to the controller when not in use to save energy.

These are general guidelines, and it's essential to follow the specific
instructions provided by the manufacturer of your dual-axis solar tracker for
optimal performance.