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Designofmachineelementsbygraphicalmethods Part2

The document discusses torque, how to estimate it, and provides an example calculation. Torque can be estimated using power, rotational speed, and the relationship that power equals torque multiplied by speed. An example power transmission system is given and the torque at different points is calculated using a graph relating power, speed, and torque.

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saleh.sajjady
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12 views4 pages

Designofmachineelementsbygraphicalmethods Part2

The document discusses torque, how to estimate it, and provides an example calculation. Torque can be estimated using power, rotational speed, and the relationship that power equals torque multiplied by speed. An example power transmission system is given and the torque at different points is calculated using a graph relating power, speed, and torque.

Uploaded by

saleh.sajjady
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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US Customary to SI SI to US Customary

slug = 14.5939 kg 1 kg = 2.204623 lb


mass = 32.174 lbm = 0.06852178 slug
lbm = 0.45359237 kg
1in= 0.0254 m 1 m = 39.37008 in= 3.28084 ft
length 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 km= 3280.84 ft = 0.621371 mile
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.609344 km
1in2 = 645.16 × 10-6 m2 1 m2 = 1550.0031 in2
Area
1ft2 = 92903 × 10-6 m2 = 10.76391 ft2
1in3 = 16.3871 × 10-6 m3 1 m3 = 61.0237 × l03 in3
1 ft3 = 28.3168 × 10-6 m3 = 35.3147 ft3
Volume
1US gallon = 3.7853 liters =1000 liters
= 3.7853 × 10-3 m3 = 0.26418 US gallon
Force 1 lbf = 4.448222 N 1 N = 0.2248089 lbf
1 lbf. in = 0.1129848 N.m 1 N.m = 8.850744 lbf.in
Torque
1 lbf. ft = 1.355818 N.m = 0.737562 lbf.ft
Pressure, 1lbf/in2 (psi) = 6894.757 Pa 1 Pa = 1.450377×l0-4 lb/in2 (psi)
stress 1 lbf/ft2 = 47.88026 Pa = 208.8543 × l0-4 lbf/ft2
1lb/in3 = 27.6799×103 kg/m3 1 kg/m3 = 36.127 × l0-6 lb/in3
density
1lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3 = 62.428 × l0-3 lb/ft3
1in.lb = 0.1129848 J 1 J = 8.850744 in. lbf
1 ft.lb = 1.355818 J = 0.737562 ft.lbf
Energy
1 Btu = 1055.056 J = 0.947817 × l0-3 Btu
1kWh= 3.6×106 J= 3412.14 Btu = 0.277778 kWh
1in.lb/sec = 0.1129848 W 1W = 8.850744 in.lbf/sec
1 ft. lbf /sec = 1.355818 W = 0.737562 ft.lbf/sec
power
= 0.0018182 hp = 1.34102 × l0-3 hp
1hp = 745.7 W
1 in4 = 41.6231×10-8 m4 1 m4 = 240.251 × l04 in4
Moment of
=41.6231×104 mm4 = 115.862 ft4
Inertia
1 ft4= 86.3097×10-4 m4
°F =1.8 °C + 32 5
Temperature °𝐶 = (°𝐹 − 32)
9

xiv
1- Torque

1 Torque1

1.1 Introduction

Estimating torque is necessary during design of rotating elements such as


gears, pulleys, shafts, etc. To calculate the torque we need to know power
and rotational speed of the element. Power equals the product of torque and
speed. In the ideal case, we can assume that the power is the same throughout
the transmission system. However, in reality, there are small losses due to
factors like friction in the bearings and gears.

1.2 Design method

If we assume that the power is constant, wherever the speed changes, the
torque changes too. For estimation of torque, Equation 1-1 (see section 1.3)
can be used.

Instead of Equation 1-1, the graph of Figure 1-1 can be applied. The
following example shows the use of the graphs.

1
This work is subject to copyright. Design of Machine Elements by Graphical Methods for
Engineers and Machine Builders. Majid Yaghoubi
1
1- Torque

For Download:
Search “Majid Yaghoubi” in Amazon book or click on:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C3XV6FKB?binding=kindle_e
dition&ref=dbs_dp_sirpi

Figure 1-1: a graph for estimating torque

Example 1-1: In Figure 1-2, an electromotor produces a power of 100 kW


at a speed of 2000 rpm. The power is transmitted through a universal joint
to a gearbox. In the gearbox, the speed is reduced to 1000 rpm and is
transferred to the pulley. Find the torque on each part.

Solution:

1. First, we separate all the components that have the same speed.
Group A with the electromotor, u-joint, input shaft of the
n1 = 2000 rpm gearbox and gear
Group B with the output shaft of the gearbox, its gear, and
n2 = 1000 rpm pulley

2
1- Torque

2. Now, in Figure 1-2, we select the power of 100 kW on the horizontal


axis and go up vertically to intersect curves of 2000 and 1000 rpm.
From the intersection points, we go to the left to get the torque that
is applied to each component.
According to the diagram, the torque for the elements of group A is 500
N ∙ m and for group B is 1000 N ∙ m.

Since a greater torque is applied onto the output shaft and the components
attached to it, they should be designed stronger.

Figure 1-2: power transmission system of Example 1-1

1.3 Equations for engineers

P
T = 9550 1-1
n
n = rotational speed,
T = torque, N.m P = power, kW
rpm

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