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VD Tyre Model

The document discusses three common tire models: the Magic Formula tire model, the Vehicle Planar model, and the Vehicle Reference model. It provides the mathematical equations for each model and describes their applications in vehicle dynamics simulations and stability analysis.

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fakhar mahtab
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25 views6 pages

VD Tyre Model

The document discusses three common tire models: the Magic Formula tire model, the Vehicle Planar model, and the Vehicle Reference model. It provides the mathematical equations for each model and describes their applications in vehicle dynamics simulations and stability analysis.

Uploaded by

fakhar mahtab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUST COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL &

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Vehicle Dynamics

Assignment: 01

A report on different tire models

Submitted to: Dr. Raja Amer Azim

Submitted by:

Abdur Rafay
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3

1. Magic Formula Tire Model......................................................................................................3

Mathematical model....................................................................................................................3

Applications.................................................................................................................................3

2. Vehicle Planar Model...............................................................................................................3

Mathematical Model....................................................................................................................4

Applications.................................................................................................................................4

3. Vehicle Reference Model.........................................................................................................4

Mathematical Model....................................................................................................................4

Applications.................................................................................................................................5
Introduction
Tire is one of the most important components in vehicle dynamics and governs the behavior of a
vehicle. The behavior of tire on road is a significant factor in the stability of vehicle. The study
of different tire models & their understanding is significant in this regard.

There are different tire models which are utilized in vehicle dynamics.

1. Magic Formula Tire Model


This is a semi empirical formula for tire models. In this model the combined slip situation has
been modelled from a physical viewpoint. The formula is able to produce characteristics which
closely match measured curves for the lateral force Fy as a function of longitudinal slip angle.

Mathematical model
The general formula is given as:

Here;

B is stiffness factor, C shape factor, D is peak value, E is curvature factor

Applications
It is used widely to calculate the steady state tyre force and moment characteristics for use in
vehicle dynamic studies.

2. Vehicle Planar Model


The vehicle planar model is formulated from the mathematical equations of motion of a four-
wheel vehicle with front steering.
Mathematical Model
The mathematical equations of vehicle motions are expressed as:

This is the equation for longitudinal movement. Here, the force components are:

FxfL ,FyfL ,FxfR ,FyfR ,FxrL ,FyrL ,FxrR ,FyrR , front left tire, front right tire, rear left tire, and the rear
right tire, along x axis and y axis coordinates; a, b are the displacement of the center of gravity of
the vehicle to both front & rear axle.

lw is the displacement between left and right tires; vx, vy are the car longitudinal and the
car lateral velocitiy, wz is the vehicle yaw rate, δ is the front wheel steering angle. M is total mass
of the vehicle.

Applications
This model finds numerous applications in automotive field and it can easily derive the tire slip
angle at each tire geometrically.

3. Vehicle Reference Model


The bicycle model also called the vehicle reference model is one of the important formulae in
automotive study.

Mathematical Model
The differential equations of lateral and yaw motions of the reference model are represented by
the equations below.
Wzd, βd, are the desired vehicle yaw rate and desired vehicle side slip angle.

Caf, Car, are the longitudinal and lateral stiffness of front wheel and real wheel.

Applications
It makes extensive use of controller design and analysis for yaw stability control. It is feasible to
linearize the real vehicle model (a nonlinear model) based on specific assumptions. These
assumptions include that the vehicle drives on a plane surface or flat road (planar motion), the
tyre forces operate in a linear zone, and the rear and front axle tyres are placed in an unattached
tyre at the vehicle's centre line.

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