APA Referencing Guide

What is referencing?
Referencing, or citing, is acknowledging the sources of information that you have used in your assignment.
These sources could include books, articles from journals and magazines, websites, and so on. Anything that
you have read that you refer to in your academic writing must be acknowledged in the text of your
assignment as an in‐text citation, and included in your reference list.

WelTec uses APA referencing (6th edition). The full APA manual is available in the Reference section of every
campus library, or online at http://www.apastyle.org/. Additional information is available from Learning
Commons staff.

In‐text Citations (Quotes and paraphrasing)

To cite works of others, APA style uses an author‐date citation method. In‐text citations are acknowledged with
(Author, Date) or Author (Date).

Direct quote (i.e. someone else’s words)

Use quotation marks and include page numbers.
"The first settlers set out from a place called Hawaiki, a homeland that recurs in stories throughout
Polynesia” (Smith, 2005, p. 7).
OR
Smith (2005) states that the first settlers “set out from a place called Hawaiki, a homeland that recurs in
stories throughout Polynesia” (p. 7).

Paraphrase (i.e. someone else’s idea in your own words)

Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing
McLennan, Ryan & Spoonley (2004) argue that most people engage in sociological theory.
OR
Most people engage in sociological theory (McLennan, Ryan & Spoonley, 2004).

Secondary references In‐text, name the original work as well as the work you have read.
Only reference sources you have read. For example, if you read Brown’s work, and Brown refers to Schultz,
then you reference Brown (but not Schultz) and cite it as follows: Schultz (as cited in Brown, 2001) observes
that…

Reference Lists
At the end of your assignment, you are required to provide full reference information for each source you have
used. Reference lists give full information about the printed and electronic sources referred to in your writing so
that your reader is able to locate the sources you used.

The items in your reference list need to be:

 In alphabetical order, by the author/producer’s surname, in the order they appear on the title page
 Combined in one list ‐ do not separate different types of sources
 In correct format (brackets, punctuation, capital letters, italics etc.) This includes ensuring that your
URLs are not underlined so they are not active hyperlinks
 A hanging indentation should be made for each entry – that is, the 2nd and following lines of a citation
are set in from the margin.
An example of a Reference List is on p. 2.

page 1 of 8
Reference List Example

Bushnell, P. (Producer). (2014, January 5). You call this art?: Part 1 [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.radionz.co.nz

Claiborne, L., & Drewery, W. (2010). Human development: Family, place, culture. North Ryde, Australia:
McGraw‐Hill Australia.

Employment Relations Act 2000, 24. Retrieved from Westlaw database.

Langdon, P. (2014). Lecture 3: Psychology for professional practice [PowerPoint slides]. Auckland, New
Zealand: WelTec.

McGovern, J. (Writer), & Fywell, T. (Director). (1994). To be a somebody [Television series episode]. In S.
Hood (Executive producer), Cracker. Manchester, England: Granada.

New Zealand Standard 3604:2011: Timber‐framed buildings. Wellington, New Zealand: Standards New
Zealand.

Pontaleo, S. (2005). ‘Reading’ young children’s visual texts. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 7(1).
Retrieved from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/index.html

Stulz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma treatment. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482‐488. doi:10.1037/0002‐9432.76.4.482

The complete encyclopaedia of garden flowers. (2003). Auckland, New Zealand: Bateman.

YouthLaw: Tino Rangatiratanga Taitamariki. (2003). Free legal service for children and young people [Brochure].
Tamaki Makaurau, New Zealand: Author.

For help or support, contact us:

WelTec campuses Whitireia campuses
Phone: 0800 141121 Phone: (0800 944 847) Ext. 3105
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

page 2 of 8 2016
 Examples of how to reference different types of resources
Reference List In‐text citation

BOOKS

Book with no author

The Complete Encyclopaedia of

The complete encyclopaedia of garden flowers. (2003). Auckland, New
Garden Flowers (2003) shows that …
Zealand: Bateman.
(p. 96).

Book with one author

Jones (2007) notes that ... (p. 184).

Jones, R. (2007). Nursing leadership and management: Theories,
or
process and practice. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
… (Jones, 2007, p. 184).

Book with two authors

Claiborne and Drewery (2010) state

Claiborne, L., & Drewery, W. (2010). Human development: Family, that….. (p. 88).
place, culture. North Ryde, Australia: McGraw‐Hill Australia. or
… (Claiborne & Drewery, 2010, p. 88).

Book with three to five authors

First citation –
Hubbard, Thomas and Varnham
Hubbard, J., Thomas, C., & Varnham, S. (2010). Principles of law for New (2010, p. 4).
Zealand business students (4th ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Then –
Pearson. Hubbard et al. (2010) report … (p. 4).
or
… (Hubbard et al., 2010, p. 4).

Book with six authors/editors (see also Journal article with six or more authors)

Mezey, M. D., Cassel, C. K., Bottrell, M. M., Hyer, K., Howe, J. L., & First citation – Mezey et al. (2002)
Fulmer, T. T. (Eds.). (2002). Ethical patient care: A casebook for explain that … (p. 58).
geriatric health care teams. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins or
University Press. … (Mezey et al., 2002, p. 58).

Book or report by a corporate author (e.g. an organisation, association or Government Department)

The University of Otago (1986)

University of Otago. (1986). Today’s food, tomorrow’s health. Dunedin, claims that …. (p. 6).
New Zealand: Author. or
…(University of Otago, 1986, p. 6).

Book chapter in an edited work

Hales, M. (2012). Community health nursing. In A. Berman, S. Snyder, T.

Hales (2012) reports that… (p. 129).
Levett‐Jones, T. Dwyer, M. Hales, N. Harvey, …D. Stanley (Eds.),
or
Kozier and Erb’s fundamentals of nursing (2nd Australian ed., Vol. 1,
… (Hales, 2012, p. 129).
pp. 127‐141). Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson.

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 ONLINE BOOKS AND RESOURCES

NB A Digital Object Identifier (doi) is a unique ‘number’ (Or code) to identify content and provide a reliable link
to its location on the Internet. Unlike an URL, a doi never changes.

Book with a digital object identifier (doi)

Kay (1999) notes … (p. 65).

Kay, G. N. (1999). Fiber optics in architectural lighting: Methods, design,
or
and applications. doi:10.1036/0070349320
… (Kay, 1999, p. 65).

Book retrieved from an e‐book library

Hargrove, R. (2008). Masterful coaching. San Francisco, CA: Wiley & Fox (2006) states … (p. 53).
Sons. Retrieved from Safari Books Online or
http://proquestcombo.safaribooksonline.com/9780470290354 … (Fox, 2006, p. 53).

Dictionary definitions ‐ no author or editor

Practice. (n.d.). In Merriam‐Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from

(Practice, n.d.)
http://www.merriam‐webster.com/dictionary/practice

Dictionary definitions ‐ author or editor

Simpson, J. (Ed.). (2012). Practice. In Oxford English dictionary.

(Simpson, 2012)
Retrieved from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/149226

Website (with author and date)

Statistics New Zealand. (2014). New Zealand in profile 2014. Retrieved Statistics New Zealand (2014)
from http://www.stats.govt.nz provides evidence for … (para. 2).
or
NB Only include retrieval dates where information on the website may … (Statistics New Zealand, 2014,
change over time e.g. statistics, Codes of Conduct etc. para. 2).

Website (no date)

The Department of Conservation

Department of Conservation. (n.d.). New Zealand’s marine
(n.d.) estimates that … (para. 4).
environment. Retrieved June 17, 2014 from
or
http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/marine‐and‐coastal/new‐
… (Department of Conservation, n.d.,
zealands‐marine‐environment/
para. 4).

Web blog post

Vaughanbell. (2010, November 1). It only exists if I see colours on the

brain scan [Web blog post]. Retrieved from
vaughanbell (2010) argues that…
http://mindhacks.com/2010/11/01/it‐only‐exists‐if‐i‐can‐see‐
(para. 3)
colours‐on‐a‐brain‐scan/
or
… (vaughanbell, 2010, para. 3).
NB If the author’s name is in lowercase, it should remain so in the
reference list. This title is not italicised.

Conference paper in published proceedings online

Saravani, S.‐J., & Clayton, J. (2009, December). Conceptual model for the Saravani and Clayton (2009)

page 4 of 8 2016
 educational deployment of QR codes. In R. J. Atkinson & C. mention … (p. 920).
McBeath, (Eds.), Same places, different spaces. Proceedings ascilite or
Auckland 2009. 26th Annual ascilite International Conference, … (Saravani & Clayton, 2009, p.
Auckland (pp. 919‐922). Retrieved from 920).
http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/auckland09/procs/saravani.
pdf

JOURNALS

NB Retrieval Statements: There are 2 types of retrieval statements used when there is no doi available. The
date is only included if the source material is likely to change over time.
 Retrieved from (name of the database)
 Retrieved from http//www….

Journal or serial article (print version)

First citation – Millard, Nicholas

and Cook (2008) explain …. (p.
Millard, S. K., Nicholas, A., & Cook, F. M. (2008). Is parent‐child 640).
interaction effective in reducing suffering? Journal of Speech, Then – Millard et al. (2008) explain
Language & Hearing Research, 51(3), 636‐650. … (p. 640).
or
… (Millard et al., 2008, p. 640).

Journal or serial article with six or more authors (See also Book with six authors/editors)

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C.,
Asgaard, G.,…Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG First citation – Gilbert et al. (2004)
activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more indicate that …. (p. 252).
severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive or
traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249‐267. … (Gilbert et al., 2004, p. 252).
doi:10.1080/1462220041001676305

Journal or serial article with a doi

Stulz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in Stulz (2006) discusses ... (p. 486).
trauma treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482‐ or
488. doi:10.1037/0002‐9432.76.4.482 … (Stulz, 2006, p. 486).

Journal or serial article from a Library database

Bumpus, M. A., & Burton, G. (2008). Chapters in the life of an (Bumpus & Burton, 2008) believe
entrepreneur: A case study. Journal of Education for Business, 83(5), that ... (p. 303).
302‐308. Retrieved from ABI Inform database. or
Give the URL of the journal homepage. e.g. Retrieved from … Bumpus and Burton (2008, p.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t914957652 303).

Journal or serial article from the Internet

Pontaleo, S. (2005). ‘Reading’ young children’s visual texts. Early Pontaleo (2005, Classroom
Childhood Research & Practice, 7(1). Retrieved from context) states …. (para. 3).
http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/index.html or
NB In‐text citation notes the section title on a web page without page … (Pontaleo, 2005, Classroom
numbers. context, para. 3).

page 5 of 8 2016
 OTHER WRITTEN RESOURCES

Brochure or pamphlet

YouthLaw: Tino Rangitiratanga

YouthLaw: Tino Rangatiratanga Taitamariki. (2003). Free legal service for Taitamariki (2003) identifies …
children and young people [Brochure]. Tamaki Makaurau, New or
Zealand: Author. … (YouthLaw: Tino Rangatiratanga
Taitamariki, 2003).

Magazine (print version)

Poe, M. (2006, September). The hive. Atlantic Monthly, 298, 86‐95.

… (Poe, 2006, p. 91).
Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com

Newspaper article (no author, print version)

Kiwi speller at home among international bright sparks. (2008, May 20),
… (“Kiwi Speller,” 2008, p. A11).
New Zealand Herald, p. A11.

Newspaper article from the Internet

Tait, M. (2014, June 12). Rubbish trial is food for thought. New Zealand Tait (2014) indicates … (para. 4)
Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz or
NB Give the URL of the newspaper home page to avoid broken links. … (Tait, 2014, para. 4).

Newspaper article from a database

Flowers, M. (2014, May 13). Growth‐driving polytechs hurt by dated Flowers (2014) notes …(para. 4).
public image. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from Newztext Plus or
database. … (Flowers, 2014, para. 4).

Course handout/ Lecture notes

Course handout / Lecture notes / PowerPoint

Langdon, P. (2014). Lecture 3: Psychology for professional practice
[PowerPoint slides]. Auckland, New Zealand: WelTec.
Lecture notes / PowerPoint (in Moodle)
Langdon, P. (2014). Lecture 3: Psychology for professional practice Langdon (2014) declares that…
[PowerPoint slides]. Auckland, New Zealand: WelTec. Retrieved or
from ….Langdon (2014).
http://moodle2.weltec.ac.nz/pluginfile.php/35451/mod_resource/c
ontent/1/MMM3.pdf
NB Put format in square brackets ‐ e.g. [PowerPoint slides] or [Lecture
notes]

VISUAL MEDIA and AUDIO‐VISUAL

Figures (including images)

A caption is placed beneath the image, including the figure number, a

description of the figure, and a reference in parentheses e.g. Figure 1:
Figure 1 shows that ... (University
University of Waikato Campus (Source: The University of Waikato, 2010)
of Waikato, 2010).
In reference list:
The University of Waikato. (2010). Student life [Photograph]. Retrieved

page 6 of 8 2016
 from
http://www.waikato.ac.nz/data/assets/image/0006/189672/studen
t‐life.png

Images

Basic Image:
Baumel, A. (2010). Cholera treatment center in Haiti [Online image]. … (Baumel, 2010).
Retrieved October 2, 2010 from
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org
No Author: … (Flu epidemic [Online image],
Flu epidemic [Online image]. (1919). Retrieved November 6, 2010 from 1919).
http://www.history.net/photo/flu‐epidemic‐art/collections
No Author, No Title, No Date:
[Untitled illustration of a sleeping dog]. Retrieved December 5, 2010 from … [Untitled illustration of a
http://www.sleepinganimals/pix.com sleeping dog, n.d].

Television series (single episode)

McGovern, J. (Writer), & Fywell, T. (Director). (1994). To be a somebody McGovern (1994) shows …
[Television series episode]. In S. Hood (Executive producer), Cracker. or
Manchester, England: Granada. … (McGovern, 1994).

DVD/ Film

McGregor (2004) notes …

McGregor, M. (Producer/Director). (2004). Hone Tuwhare: The return
or
home [DVD]. New Zealand: Blue Totara.
… (McGregor, 2004).

Music recording

Waters, R. (1973). Money [Recorded by Pink Floyd]. On The dark side of

“Money” (Waters, 1973, track 6).
the moon [CD]. Middlesex, England: Harvest.

YouTube Video

Apsolon, M. [markapsolon]. (2011, September 9). Real ghost girl caught

on Video Tape 14 [Video file]. Retrieved from Apsolon (2011) shows….
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbxD848 or
NB Include both the full name and the username if possible, as above. ... (Apsolon, 2011).
Otherwise, put the author’s screen name first, as above; no brackets.

Podcasts

Bushnell (2014) comments….

Bushnell, P. (Producer). (2014, January 5). You call this art?: Part 1 [Audio
or
podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.radionz.co.nz
… (Bushnell, 2014).

OTHER MEDIA

Personal communication

As this material is not recoverable or archived, it is not included in a

Reference list, but is acknowledged in‐text. Include private letters, tutor K.W. Wiremu (personal
comments, class notes, interviews, telephone conversations, etc. Use the communication, January 18, 2013)
initials and surname of the person and as exact a date as possible. commented that...

page 7 of 8 2016
 LEGAL MATERIALS AND CODES OF PRACTICE

New Zealand legislation – Acts and Regulations

Acts and Regulations are included in the reference list, in the correct In‐text, use the name of the Act.
alphabetical sequence. Give the full name of the Act (i.e., name, date and For example:
number). Follow this by a retrieval statement. It is clear from the legislation that
From a website: this should be carefully planned
Employment Relations Act 2000, 24. Retrieved from (Employment Relations Act 2000).
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2000/0024/latest/DLM58
317.html If you are using a specific section of
From a library database: an Act, this needs to be indicated.
Food (Safety) Regulations 2002, 2002/396. Retrieved from Westlaw For example:
database. Employers have a duty to provide a
Schedule 1: Building Code, Building Regulations 1992. Retrieved from safe working environment for all
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1992/0150/latest/ employees (Employment Relations
DLM162576.html Act 2000, s. 6).

New Zealand legislation – Cases

Cases are listed alphabetically in the reference list, and always include The in‐text citations just list the
the names of the two parties, the year in square brackets, and the NZ names of the parties in italics, and
Law report number. A retrieval statement is necessary, either for a the year. For example:
database or a URL. For example: In the case Crown v Thompson
Crown v Thompson [2013] NZLR 617. Retrieved from Westlaw database. [2013], we can see this is possible.

Milner v R [2014] NZCA 366. Retrieved August 1, 2014 from Earlier this year Helen Milner was
https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/from/decisions/judgments convicted (Milner v R [2014]).

New Zealand legislation – Professional codes

This is not legislation, but rather a professional standard or code of

practice. It can be referenced as a website. For example:
New Zealand Nurses Organisation. (2010). Code of ethics. Retrieved from
http://www.nzno.org.nz/Portals/0/publications/Code%20of%20Ethi
cs%202010.pdf (New Zealand Nurses Organisation,
OR 2010).
if this source is in hard copy, i.e. a booklet (referenced the same way as a
book):
New Zealand Nurses Organisation. (2010). Code of ethics. Wellington,
New Zealand: Author.

Standards

It is important that references to standards are clear and unambiguous.

For example: (New Zealand Standard
Standard in print format 3604:2011).
New Zealand Standard 3604:2011: Timber‐framed buildings. Wellington,
New Zealand: Standards New Zealand.
Standard from a Library database
New Zealand Standard 4404:2010: Land development and subdivision (New Zealand Standard
infrastructure. Retrieved from Standards New Zealand database. 4404:2010).

page 8 of 8 2016