THE MADURA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), MADURAI – 11

Department of Physics
Question bank
Course code: 20U6PMC11 Class:III B.Sc. (Physics)
Title of the paper: Solid State Physics
Unit – 1 (CLO 1)
Section – A
1. The nature of binding for a crystal with alternative positive and negative ions is ____ (K1)
(a)Ionic (b) covalent (c) metallic (d) dipole
2. Which of the following element is a covalently bonded crystal? (K1)
(a)Aluminium (b) sodium chloride (c) germanium (d) lead
3. In NaCl, the Na ions are positively charged and chlorine ions are negatively charged. In spite
of coulomb attraction between them, why do the two ions not collapse? (K1)
(a) because of the presence of free electrons (b) because of ionic bonding (c) because of
low melting point (d) because of short range repulsive forces
4. The Madelung constant of NaCl is _____. (K1)
(a) 0.474 (b) -0.474 (c) 1.75 (d) -1.75
5. In a crystal positive charges and negative charges are held together by (K1)
(a) electrons (b) electrostatic forces (c) nuclear forces (d) covalent bonds
6. The formation of a chemical bond is accompanied by (K1)
(a) Decrease in energy (b) Increase in energy (c) Neither increase nor decrease in energy
(d) None of these
7. The enhanced force of cohesion in metals is due to (K1)
(a) The covalent linkages between atoms
(b) The electrovalent linkages between atoms
(c) The lack of exchange of valence electrons
(d) The exchange energy of mobile electrons
8. Lithium and sodium are chemically similar to each other. This is because _____ (K2)
(a) both have the same number of electrons
(b) both have one electron in the outermost incomplete shell
(c) both are adjacent elements in the periodic table
(d) both are alkali metals
9. Pure and dry ionic compounds are insulators, because of non-availability of ____. (K2)
 (a) ions (b) bounded electrons (c) free electrons (d) bonds
10. Graphite is less strong than diamond, because of the presence of one ____ bond. (K2)
(a) ionic (b) metallic (c)covalent (d) hydrogen
11. In the following metals which one has lowest probable interatomic forces (K2)
(a)Copper (b) Silver (c) Zinc (d) Mercury
12. Which of the following does not apply to metallic bond? (K2)
(a) Overlapping valence orbitals (b)mobile valence electrons
(c) delocalized electrons (d) highly directed bonds
13. In the formation of a molecule by an atom (K2)
(a) Attractive forces operate (b)Repulsive forces operate
(c) Both attractive and repulsive forces operate (d) none of these
14. Which has weakest bond? (K2)
(a) diamond (b)Neon (solid) (c) KCl (d) Ice
Section – B
1. Classify the different types of interatomic bonds (K1)
2. Distinguish between covalent and ionic bonding. (K1)
3. Distinguish the terms (i) bond energy, (ii) lattice energy (K1)
4. Describe Madelung constant. Give its value for NaCl structure. (K1)
5. Describe the salient features of covalently bonded solids. (K1)
6. Give two examples for (i) ionic solid (ii) covalent solid. (K1)
Section – C
1. Explain the term binding energy. How is it calculated for an ionic crystal having sodium
chloride structure? (K1)
2. Show that the Madelung constant for a one dimensional array of ions of alternating sign with a
distance between two successive ions is equal to 2 log 2. (K1)
3. Classify the various types of bonds present in solids. (K1)
4. Apply the concept of covalent bonding explain why diamond is stronger than graphite. (K1)
5. Explain the formation of an ionic crystal and obtain an expression for its cohesive energy.(K1)
6. Derive an expressionfor the equilibrium potential energy of an ionic solid. (K1)
Section – D
1. Show the method of calculating the Madelung constant for NaCl lattice. (K3)
2. Use the Madelung constant value to obtain the lattice energy of ionic crystals. (K3)
3.Illustrate the properties of ionic, covalent and metallic bonds. (K3)
Unit – 2 (CLO 2)
Section – A
1. The number of lattice points in a primitive cell are ____. (K1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
2. The co-ordination number in the case of simple cubic crystal structure is ____. (K1)
(a)12 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 1
3. The number of atoms present in the unit cell of hcp structure is ____. (K1)
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
4. Which of the following metals crystallizes in FCC structure? (K1)
(a) Zinc (b) cadmium (c) sodium (d) aluminium
5. The packing factor of diamond cubic crystal structure is (K1)
(a) 74% (b) 34% (c) 68% (d) 52%
6. The number of molecules present in the unit cell of sodium chloride is (K1)
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
7. Because of which property of the crystals, x-rays can be diffracted from the crystals. (K1)
(a) random arrangements of atoms (b) colour of the crystals (c) periodic array of
atoms (d) none of these
8. The Miller indices of the plane parallel to the x and y axes are (K2)
(a) (001) (b) (010) (c) (100) (d) (111)
9. If (3 2 6) are the Miller indices of a plane, the intercepts made by the plane on the three
crystallographic axes are (K2)
(a) (2a, 3b, c) (b) (a, b, c) (c) (a, 2b, 3c) (d) none of these
10. The Miller indices of the plane parallel to the y and z axes are (K2)
(a) (001) (b) (010) (c) (100) (d) (111)
11. The Miller indices of the plane parallel to the x and z axes are (K2)
(a) (001) (b) (010) (c) (100) (d) (111)
12. A plane intercepts at a, b/2, 3c in a simple cubic unit cell. The Miller indices of the plane are
(K2)
(a) (1 3 2) (b) (2 6 1) (c)(3 6 1) (d) (1 2 3)
13. If ‘r’ is the radius of the atom in a crystal, crystallizing in the simple cubic structure, then the
nearest neighbor distance is (K2)
 (a) r/2 (b)2r (c) 4r (d) r
14. A plane intercepts at 2a, 3b, c in a simple cubic unit cell. The Miller indices of the plane are
(K2)
(a) (1 3 2) (b) (2 6 1) (c)(3 2 6) (d) (1 2 3)
Section – B
1. Describe lattice, basis and crystal. (K1)
2. Differentiate Primitive cell and Unit cell. (K1)
3. Summarize the importance of Miller indices. (K1)
4. Describethe terms(i) atomic packing fraction (ii) coordination number (K1)
5. Give the types bravais lattices of cubic crystal system. (K1)
6. Give Bragg’s law of diffraction. (K1)
Section – C
1. Show that the packing fraction of Body Centered Cube (BCC) is √3𝜋/8. (K4)
2. Give an account of powder method of crystal structure analysis. (K4)
𝑐 8
3. Show that the close packing of atoms in the HCP structure demands an axial ratio, 𝑎 = √3(K4)

4. Calculate the packing fraction of Simple Cube (SC). (K4)

5. Derive the Bragg’s equation for x-ray diffraction. (K4)
6. Why X-rays are used in the study of crystal diffraction? Derive the Bragg’s equation for x-ray
diffraction. (K4)
7. Describe Bragg’s spectrometer and explain how it is used to determine the wavelength of x-
rays. (K4)
Section – D
1. Analyze the Hexagonal Close Packed structure (HCP) and obtain the packing fraction. (K4)
2. Ensure that the packing fraction of Face Centered Cubic structure (FCC)igos 𝜋√2/6. (K4)
3. Compare the atomic packing factor for FCC and HCP structure. (K4)
4. Examine the importance of Miller indices. How will you obtain Miller indices for the
intercepts made by the plane on crystallographic axes as (4,2,2)? (K4)
 Unit III (CLO 3)
Part A-

1. relative permeability of a medium is the permeability relative to that of (K1)

(a) water (b) vacuum (c) iron (d) none of these

2. Magnetic susceptibility χ is (K1)

(a) dipole moment per unit volume (b) torque per unit area (c ) magnetization per unit magnetic
field intensity (d) none of these

3. Magnetic susceptibility has the dimensions of (K1)

(a) wb/m2 (b) Wb/m (c ) amp/m (d) dimensionless

4. Bohr magneton is defined as magnetic moment of (K1)

(a)an electron spin (b)a nucleus (c )an electron orbital motion (d)an atom

5. The magnetic material in which permanent magnetic dipoles are already aligned due to
bonding forces are known as (K1)

(a)paramagnetic materials (b)ferromagnetic materials (c )ferrimagnetic materials

(d)diamagnetic materials

6. in ferromagnetic material susceptibility is (K1)

(a) very small and positive(b)very small and negative (c )very large and positive (d)very large
and negative

7. Which of the following materials does not have permanent magnetic dipoles (K1)

(a) paramagnetic (b) diamagnetic (c ) ferromagnetic (d)anti ferromagnetic

8.Curie-weiss law is (K2)

(a) χm = C/T (b) ) χm =(C/ϴ) (c ) ) χm =(C/T-ϴ) (d) ) χm =(T-ϴ)/C

9. At curie temperature , the spontaneous magnetization for ferromagnetic materials is (K2)

(a)infinity (b)1 (c )zero (d) -1

10. Diamagnetic materials posses (K2)

(a)permanent magnetic dipoles (b) no permanent magnetic dipoles (c )induced dipole

moment (d)none of these
11. 1 Bohr magneton is (K2)

(a)2.27 x10-24 amp m2 (b) 6.67 x10-34 amp m2 (c ) 9.27 x10-24 amp m2 (d) 9.27 x10-9 amp m2

12. Hysteresis is exhibited by (K2)

(a)paramagnetic materials (b)ferromagnetic materials (c )ferrimagnetic materials

(d)diamagnetic materials

13. The magnetization of a solid is given by (K2)

(a) M= (B/µ0)-H (b )B=µ0H+ M (c ) B= H+µ0M (d) B=µ0 (H- M)

Part B

1. state the relelation between magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and magnetic field. (K2)

2. What is Bohr magneton? (K2)

3. Associate hysteresis in magnetic materials (K2)

4. Site the magnetic spin due to electron spin (K2)

5. Recognize the origin of demagnetization (K2)

6. What is Bloch wall and domain wall energy (K2)

7. Represent curie- weiss law and its application (K2)

8. Define spontaneous magnetization of ferromagnetic materials (K2)

Part C

1. Describe the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization. (K3)

2. Reproduce weiss theory of para magnetism (K3)

3. Illustrate the role of ferromagnetic domains on the magnetization curve of ferromagnetic

materials (K3)

4.outline the domain model of ferromagnetic materials (K3)

5. Show the B-H curve for ferromagnetic material and identify retentivity, the coercive field on
the curve and the energy loss per cycle.(K3)

Part D

1. Explain Langevin theory of diamagnetization (K3)

2. Extend langevin theory of paramagnetism and obtain the expression for the paramagnetic

Susceptibility. (K3)

3. Model the theory of spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnetic materials. (K3)

4. Identify weiss theory of ferromagnetism ,and hence explain hystereis, curie point. Bring out
the difference between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances . (K3)
 Unit –IV
Section-A
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO 4 K1 1 Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. This
property is conferred by _______ bonds.
a) covalent
b) ionic
c) metallic
d) hydrogen
2 For a metallic crystal, which band do the delocalized
electrons occupy?
a) Conduction band
b) Valence band
c) Both, conduction and valence bands
d) There are no delocalized electrons
3 Quantum Numbers are solutions of _____________
a) Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
b) Einstein’s mass energy relation
c) Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
d) Hamiltonian Operator
4 Pauli’s exclusion principle states that
(a) Nucleus of an atom contains no negative charge
(b) Electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus
(c) Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy
(d) All the four quantum numbers of two electrons in an
atom cannot be equal
5 Azimuthal quantum number defines
(a) e/m ratio of electrons
(b) Spin of electron
(c) Angular momentum of electron
(d) Magnetic momentum of electron
6 What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell?
a) n
b) 2n
c) n2
d) 2n2
7 Which among the following is the most commonly used
semiconductor?
a) Silicon
b) Carbon
c) Germanium
d) Sulphur
K2 8 On doping germanium metal, with a little amount of indium,
what does one get?
a) Intrinsic semiconductor
b) Insulator
c) n-type semiconductor
d) p-type semiconductor
9 What happens to the resistance of a pure semiconductor
when heated?
a. The resistance increases
 b. The resistance decreases
c. The temperature remains the same
d. No change
10 In n-type semiconductors, which one is the majority charge
carrier?
a) Holes
b) Protons
c) Neutrons
d) Electrons
11 A dielectric can be made a conductor by
a) Compression
b) Heating
c) Doping
d) Freezing
12 Dielectric materials are basically
(a) Insulators
(b) Semiconductors
(c) Superconductors
(d) conductors
13 What causes ionic polarization?
a) Ion splitting
b) Magnetic field passing
c) Cation and anion displacement
d) Never occurs
14 In which type of molecule positive and negative charges
coincide with each other?
a) Polar
b) Unipolar
c) Non-polar
d) Bipolar
Section B (2 marks questions)
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO 4 K2 1 What is intrinsic semiconductor?
2 What are the 4 types of quantum numbers?
3 What is the relation between azimuthal and magnetic quantum
numbers?
4 What is meant by intrinsic semiconductor and extrinsic
semiconductor?
5 What is meant by polarization mechanism in dielectrics?
6 What are the Differences between dielectrics and insulators?
Section C ( 5 marks )
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO4 K3 1 Explain the ban structure of semiconductors.
2 Write a note on Zener diode.
3 Derive the barrier potential calculation equation.
4 Derive expression for the electronic polarization.
5 Explain ionic and orientation polarization.
 6 Write a note on dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
Section D (Ten Marks)
CLO K level Q.No Questions
CLO 4 K3 1 Derive the rectifier equation.
2 Write a note on the microscopic concept of polarization.
3 Obtain an expression for Lorentz field in a dielectric
material and hence derive the Clausius – Mosotti equation.

Unit –V
Section-A
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO 5 K1 1 A solid that offers no _________ passage of electricity is
called super conductors.
a) Conductance
b) Inductance
c) Resistance
d) Impedance
2 The phenomena of super conductors was first discovered
by ___________
a) Kammerlingh Onnes
b) Neils bohr
c) Richard Smalley
d) Otto lehman
3 In a superconducting magnet, wires of superconducting
material are embedded in the thick copper matrix, because
while the material is in the superconducting state
(a) The leakage current passes through the Copper part
(b) Copper part helps in conducting heat away from the
superconductor
(c) Copper part helps in overcoming the mechanical
stress
(d) Copper acts as an insulating cover for superconductor

4 The temperature at which conductivity of a material

becomes infinite is called
a. Critical temperature
b. Absolute temperature
c. Mean temperature
d. Crystallization temperature
 5 In superconductors, the Fermi energy level is
a. Below the ground state
b. Midway between the ground state and first excited
state c. Above first excited state
d. At first excited state
6 The magnetic lines of force cannot penetrate the body of a
superconductor,a phenomenon is known as
a. Isotopic effect
b. BCS theory
c. Meissner effect
d. London theory
7 The shifting of electrons in super conductors is prevented
by _________
a) Quantum effect
b) Threshold energy level
c) Energy barrier
d) Orbitals
K2 8 The normal metal passes into super conducting state at
___________
a) High temperature
b) Low temperature
c) Critical temperature
d) No temperature
9 Ideal super conductors completely become __________ at
super conducting state.
a) Diamagnetic
b) Ferro magnetic
c) Ferri magnetic
d) Para magnetic
10 The relation between transition temperature (Tc) and
isotopic mass (M) is.....
(a) Tc ∝ M1/2
(b) Tc ∝ M-1/2
(c) Tc ∝ M-1
(d) Tc ∝ M
11 The ideal super conductors exhibit __________
a) Meissner effect
b) Mesmeric effect
c) Mesomeric effect
d) Monomeric effect
12 For a superconductor, the critical magnetic field
(Hc)..........with a decrease of temperature.
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Will not change
(d) None
13 The cooper pair is
(a) two electrons moving in the same direction
 (b) two electrons with resultant spin-zero
(c) two electrons connected like a boson
(d) two electrons connected through a phonon
14 The hard superconductors are those in which the ideal
behaviour is seen up to a ________ critical magnetic field.
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Moderate
d) Zero
Section B (2 marks questions)
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO 5 K2 1 Write any four applications of superconductors.
2 What are the two properties that define superconductors?
3 How are Cooper pairs formed?
4 Why do superconductors repel magnet?
5 What are the salient features of BCS theory of
superconductivity?
6 What is the significance of London's equation?
Section C ( 5 marks )
CLO K-level Q.No. Questions
CLO5 K2 1 Describe the effect of
i) Magnetic field
ii) frequency and
iii) isotopes on superconductors
2 Bring out the salient experimental features of
superconductivity. Mention the important applications of
superconductivity.
3 Explain the term critical magnetic field in a superconductor.
How does the critical magnetic field vary temperature in
Type I and Type II superconductors?
4 What is superconductivity? Explain Meissner effect. What
are the possible applications of superconductors?
5 What are the different between Type I and Type II
superconductors?
6 List down the applications of superconductors.
Section D (Ten Marks)
CLO K level Q.No Questions
.
CLO 5 K2 1 Briefly outline BCS theory of superconductivity
2 What is the importance of the London equation? Derive the
London equation.
3 What is superconductivity? Give an account of the
occurrence, properties and uses of superconductors.