22/02/2024, 19:22 Limits Cheat Sheet

Limits Cheat Sheet

Limit Properties

If the limit of f ( x ) , and g ( x ) exists, then the following apply:

limx→a ( x ) = a
Sy

limx→a [ c · f ( x ) ] = c · limx→af ( x )
m

limx→a [ ( f ( x ) ) ] = ( limx→af ( x ) ) c
c
bo

limx→a [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] = limx→af ( x ) ± limx→ag ( x )

limx→a [ f ( x ) · g ( x ) ] = limx→af ( x ) · limx→ag ( x )

la

limx→af ( x )
limx→a f x[ ( )] =
( ) , where limx→ag ( x ) ≠ 0
b

g x limx→ag ( x )

Limit to Infinity Properties

For limx→cf ( x ) = ∞,limx→cg ( x ) = L, the following apply:

limx→c [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] = ∞

limx→c [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = ∞, L > 0

limx→c [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = −∞, L<0

limx→c g ( x ) = 0
f (x)

limx→∞ ( ax ) = ∞,
n
a>0

limx→ −∞ ( ax ) = ∞,
n
n is even, a>0

limx→ −∞ ( ax ) = −∞,
n
n is odd, a>0

limx→∞ ca = 0
( )
x

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 1/3
22/02/2024, 19:22 Limits Cheat Sheet

Indeterminate Forms
Sy
0 0
0 ∞

∞ 0
∞
m 0

0·∞ ∞−∞
bo
∞
1
la
Common Limits b
limx→∞ ( (1 + ) ) = e
k x
x
k
limx→∞ (( ) ) = e
x x
x+k
−k

( 1
limx→0 ( 1 + x ) x = e )

Limit Rules

Limit of a constant limx→ac = c

Basic Limit limx→ax = a

Squeeze Theorem Let f, g and h be functions such that for all x ∈ [ a,b ]
( except possibly at the limit point c ) ,
f(x) ≤ h (x ) ≤ g( x)
Also suppose that, limx→cf ( x ) = limx→cg ( x ) = L
Then for any a ≤ c ≤ b, limx→ch ( x ) = L

L'Hopital's Rule
For limx→a ( (( )) ),
f x
g x

( (( )) ) =
if limx→a f x
g x
0 or
0 ( )=
( )
limx→ a f x
g(x)
±∞
±∞
,
then

( ( ) ) = lim
limx→a f ( x )
g x x→a ( )
′
f (x )
′
g (x )

Divergence Criterion If two sequences exist,

∞ ∞
{ } { }
xn n=1 and yn n=1 with
xn ≠ c and yn ≠ c
limn→∞xn = limn→∞yn = c
limn→∞f ( xn ) ≠ limn→∞f ( yn )
Then limx→ cf ( x ) does not exist

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 2/3
22/02/2024, 19:22 Limits Cheat Sheet

Limit Chain Rule if limu → b f ( u ) = L, and limx → ag ( x ) = b, and f ( x )

is continuous at x = b
Then: limx → a f ( g ( x ) ) = L

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 3/3