Sci Report

Strategy 4:
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING
Cooperative learning is one of the most sought and studied teaching
strategies nowadays because of its versatility and effectiveness.
There are various types of this strategy, depending on the learning
outcomes and the types of learners.
Cooperative is an act of working together to fulfill shared goals.
Cooperative learning is an instructional strategy in which the

learners work together in small groups to help one another achieve a
common learning goal.
It is founded on the principle that the learners can archievemore by

woking collaboratively than by working alone or by passively
receiving information from a teacher.
Slavin (1983, 1990, 1995) and Johnson and Johnson (1989, 1994) set the
foundation of cooperative learning. They proposed that there are two
components of all cooperative learning methods;
A Cooperative task (which is a feature of most group work )

A Cooperative incentive structure (which is unique to cooperative
learning)
The study of Johnson and Johnson (1994) presented
The Five Basic Element of small group work to be
considered as cooperative one (cited in Killen,2009)
1. There must be Positive Interdependence - the learners must work as

a coordinated group to achieve specific learning goals. To do so, each
student must be confident that he or she is responsible for the
learning success of other members of the group. Cooperative
relationship becomes important because each member believes that
they cannot be successful unless other members are also successful in
achieving the group goals.
2. There must be an ongoing, direct interaction in which the
students help one another to learn
-They must discuss the task, decide how to approach it, exchange
ideas, and explain to each member how to group can achieve the
learning outcomes. It is not enough that tasks are delegated. Each
member should know the group is going.
3. There must be individual accountability.

-All the members are accountable for each other’s success or
failure. They should all work hard to ensure that each member of the
group performs the assigned tasks/ and archieves the learning
outcomes of the given activity.
4. The learners must use Appropriate interpersonal skills
-Each member should be able to develop the following skills:
attentive listening questioning to clarify ideas, negotiating,
and constructively resolving differences. With all these skills,
interactions will become meaningful and productive.
5. The participants become reflective learners as they

analyze the outcomes they achieve and how well the group
functions
Cooperative learning is being
used worldwide for three primary
WHY DOES reasons; it is clearly based on
IT WORK? theory, it has been proven by
various research works, and it
has been operationalized into
clear procedures that educators
can use.
SOME ADVANTAGES OF
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Cooperative learning is very versatile, and it can be used

in all subject areas at all levels of education. It is not
required that the teacher will always employ it in class.
The teacher needs to identify the best opportunity to
apply it.
This strategy is effective in helping the students achieve a wide range
of academic and social outcomes, including enhance achievement,
improved self-esteem, positive interpersonal relationships with other
students, improve time management skills, and positive attitudes
towards school. Many of these outcomes can be archived
concurrently, rather than being developed in isolation. It is particular
useful for the following reasons:
Having the students work together results in more learning than

when the students work alone, competitively, or individually
(Johnson & Johnson, 1986). The students will also like school
better, will like one another better, and will learn more effective
social skills when cooperative learning is used.
It teaches the students to be less reliant on the teacher and more reliant
on their own ability to think, to seek information from other sources, and
to learn from other students. They become empowered to take greater
responsibility for their own learning and for the learning of others (Drake
& Mucci, 1993).
Cooperative learning helps the students learn to respect one another’s

strengths and limitations and to accept these differences. This is very
important in culturally diverse classrooms and in classrooms that
include students with disabilities.
It helps the students understand that different points of view need not
be divisive but the can be a positive aspect of developing an
understanding of a subject.
It can boost the student’s confidence and self-esteem because it
allow all the students ( not just the high achievers) to experience
learning success.
It can change the students view about learning. It helps them to

move from seeing learning as individual memorization of facts to
seeing it as a collective construction of understanding.
It is appropriate to use when the students are engaged to large

problem-solving tasks and research projects in which the task is
heavy for one person and time is limited or where more than one
person is needed to manipulate equipment, perform the
experiment, collect and analyze data.
According to Killen (2009) suggested these consideration when using
cooperative learning:
DO NOT USE COOPERATIVE

USE COOPERATIVE LEARNING IF:
LEARNING IF:
You want to encourage the

The students do not have the
learners to develop their
basic skills required for
social skills while learning
collaboration and teamwork.
academic content
You want the students to use

The students lack the prior
their prior knowledge as a
knowledge to guide their
foundation for examining
collaborative learning.
issues in depth.
How to use Cooperative Learning
as a strategy in class?
The teacher should also not forget the two major considerations: student
motivation and the learning process the students will utilize. The students
can work well if they are properly motivated and they have a clear process to
follow.
Give the students guidance and practice in helping one another to learn.
Specify clearly what outcomes you want the learners to achieve
Decide what content (issue, problem, theories) the students will focus on
as they try to achieve the outcomes.
Select what you think will be the most appropriate form
of cooperative learning to use
Prepare the materials
Decide how to form the groups

Explain to the students in detail how to cooperative learning
sessions will operate, what you expect from them, how you
will assist them, and how they will be assessed.
Develop a system of recognizing and rewarding the learning

of individual students as well as the achievement of the
groups.
Prepare appropriate assessment instruments so that the students
will be able to demonstrate their mastery and retention of
academic content and skills after the cooperative groups have
completed their work.
Develop a system for keeping records of the group and individual

achievements of the students and for publicly knowledge the
achievements of the group.
Pan a period of reflection so that after the groups have completed

their feedback, the students can analyze their achievements and
their group process.
Implementing
Cooperative Learning
The teacher is expected to plan, manage, and monitor the learning environment
so that the students can maximize learning together as a team.
After doing the suggested steps for preparation, the teacher can proceed with the
following ( Killen, 2009).
Assign the students in groups. It makes the students more alert to the
instructions to be given to them.
Explain clearly the outcomes that the students are to achieve and provide
clear directions about the academic task that each group will undertake.
Explain how the learning of individual students will be assessed
Remind the students of you expectations from them (particularly in

relation .to helping one another learn) and of the cooperative goal
structure (the rewards for learning).
Provide the students will resources if necessary.
Remind the students how long they have for the cooperative learning
and get them started.
Move around, visit each group to provide assistance, and monitor
the activities and learning of the students to matters that will
need to be dealt with once the group activities have finished.
Bring the lesson to a logical conclusion.
Evaluate the student achievement and help them assess how well
the collaborated with one another.
THANK YOU!!!

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Strategy 4:

Cooperative is an act of working together to fulfill shared goals.

Cooperative learning is an instructional strategy in which the

It is founded on the principle that the learners can archievemore by

A Cooperative task (which is a feature of most group work )

1. There must be Positive Interdependence - the learners must work as

3. There must be individual accountability.

5. The participants become reflective learners as they

Cooperative learning is very versatile, and it can be used

Having the students work together results in more learning than

Cooperative learning helps the students learn to respect one another’s

It can change the students view about learning. It helps them to

It is appropriate to use when the students are engaged to large

DO NOT USE COOPERATIVE

You want to encourage the

You want the students to use

Specify clearly what outcomes you want the learners to achieve

Prepare the materials

Decide how to form the groups

Develop a system of recognizing and rewarding the learning

Develop a system for keeping records of the group and individual

Pan a period of reflection so that after the groups have completed

Remind the students of you expectations from them (particularly in

Provide the students will resources if necessary.

Bring the lesson to a logical conclusion.

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