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Week 10 Control Systems

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Asadullah Mahar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
21 views46 pages

Week 10 Control Systems

Uploaded by

Asadullah Mahar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fair Use Notice

The material used in this presentation i.e., pictures/graphs/text, etc. is solely


intended for educational/teaching purpose, offered free of cost to the students for
use under special circumstances of Online Education due to COVID-19 Lockdown
situation and may include copyrighted material - the use of which may not have
been specifically authorised by Copyright Owners. It’s application constitutes Fair
Use of any such copyrighted material as provided in globally accepted law of many
countries. The contents of presentations are intended only for the attendees of the
class being conducted by the presenter.
Compensators in control
system
Introduction
A feedback control system that provides an optimum performance without any necessary adjustment
is rare.

In building a control system, we know that proper modification of the plant dynamics may be a simple
way to meet the performance specifications.

This, however, may not be possible in many practical situations because the plant may be fixed and not
modifiable.

Then we must adjust parameters other than those in the fixed plant.
Introduction
We have found that to achieve the desired system response, it is possible to
adjust the system parameters but it is often not enough.
Introduction
It is then required to reconsider the structure of the system and redesign the
system.

The design problems, therefore, become those of improving system performance


by insertion of a compensator.

Compensator: A compensator is an additional component or circuit that is inserted


into a control system to equalize or compensate for a deficient performance.
Introduction
Necessities of compensation
A system may be unsatisfactory in:
Stability.

Speed of response.

Steady-state error.

• Thus the design of a system is concerned with the alteration


of the frequency response or the root locus of the system in
order to obtain a suitable system performance.
Compensator Configurations
Compensation schemes commonly used for feedback control systems are:

◦ Series Compensation

◦ Parallel Compensation
Compensator Configurations
The choice between series compensation and parallel
compensation depends on
◦ the nature of the signals

◦ the power levels at various points

◦ available components

◦ the designer’s experience

◦ economic considerations and so on.


Commonly Used Compensators
Among the many kinds of compensators, widely employed
compensators are the
◦ lead compensators

◦ lag compensators

◦ lag–lead compensators
Commonly Used Compensators
Among the many kinds of compensators, widely employed
compensators are the
◦ lead compensators
◦ If a sinusoidal input is applied to the input of a network, and the steady-state output (which is also sinusoidal) has a phase lead,
then the network is called a lead network.
Commonly Used Compensators
Among the many kinds of compensators, widely employed
compensators are the
◦ lag compensators
◦ If the steady-state output has a phase lag, then the network is called a lag network.
Commonly Used Compensators
Among the many kinds of compensators, widely employed
compensators are the
◦ lag–lead compensators
◦ In a lag–lead network, both phase lag and phase lead occur in the output but in different frequency regions.

◦ Phase lag occurs in the low-frequency region and phase lead occurs in the high-frequency region.
Commonly Used Compensators
We will limit our discussions mostly to lead, lag, and lag–lead compensators realized by
◦ Electronic devices such as circuits using operational amplifiers

◦ Electrical Networks (RC networks)

◦ Mechanical Networks (Spring-Mass-Damper Networks).

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