Scribd
Upload
25 views21 pages

Week 1 - Apparent and Complex Power

The document discusses AC power concepts including apparent power, active power, reactive power, power factor, and complex power. It defines these terms, shows how they relate through mathematical equations, and provides examples of calculating them for different circuit configurations including resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads.

Uploaded by

qjm9n9hx7x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views21 pages

Week 1 - Apparent and Complex Power

The document discusses AC power concepts including apparent power, active power, reactive power, power factor, and complex power. It defines these terms, shows how they relate through mathematical equations, and provides examples of calculating them for different circuit configurations including resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads.

Uploaded by

qjm9n9hx7x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

2

Learning Outcome

After completing this lesson, you should able to:

 differentiate the apparent and complex power in


AC system.
 apply conservation of AC Power in solving AC
problem
3

Revision: Power Calculation

; is called Average or Real


P  Vrms I rmscos( v   i ) W or Active power.
P is measured in ‘Watt’

Q  Vrms I rmssin( v   i ) Var ; is called Reactive power.


Q is measured in ‘VAR’
4
Revision: Power Calculation
5

Apparent Power and Power Factor

 Apparent Power, S, is the product of the r.m.s.


values of voltage and current.

 It is measured in volt-amperes or VA to distinguish it


from the average or real power which is measured
in watts.

P  Vrms I rms cos (θ v  θ i )  S cos (θ v  θ i )

Apparent Power, S
Power Factor, pf
6

Apparent Power and Power Factor

P  Vrms I rms cos (θ v  θ i )  S cos (θ v  θ i )

Apparent Power, S
Power Factor, pf
VM I M
S  Vrms I rms P
2 pf   cos( v   i )
S

 Power factor is the cosine of the phase difference


between the voltage and current. It is also the
cosine of the angle of the load impedance.
7

Power Factor

Could be used to show the type of the load

 For inductive load : current lag voltage  Lagging pf

Im
Im
V
Re |S|
+ = V – I +Q (lagging pf)
I +
Re
P
8

Power Factor

- For capacitive load : current lead voltage  Leading pf

Im
Im
I P
– Re
– = V – I
Re
V |S| –Q (leading pf)
9

Power Factor

For purely resistive load:


current in phase with voltage  Unity pf

Im
Im

P = |S|
I
Re
Re
V
10

Summary (Power Factor)

Purely resistive θ – θ = 0, Pf = 1 P/S = 1, all power are


v i
load (R) consumed
Purely reactive θv– θi = ±90o, P = 0, no real power
load (L or C) pf = 0 consumption
Resistive and θv– θi > 0 Lagging - inductive load
reactive load θv– θi < 0 Leading - capacitive
(R and L/C) load
11

Summary (AC Power)

P  Vrms I rms cos (θ v  θ i )  S cos (θ v  θ i )

Apparent Power, S Power Factor, pf

Q  Vrms I rms sin (θ v  θ i )  S sin (θ v  θ i )

+ve: -ve:
Apparent Power, S
inductive capactive

S  Vrms I rms VA
12
Example 1

1) Find the active power, reactive power, apparent power and power
factor for the following circuit.
i
+ Element i = 4 cos (t - 100°) A
 or
-
network  = 100 sin (t + 15°) V
13
14

Complex Power

 Complex sum of real power and reactive power or S  P  jQ


VA
 Complex numbers are really important in analyzing AC circuit.
 The magnitude of complex power is referred to as apparent
power.
S  S V   I  or
15
Complex Power

Apparent Power, S
S  Vrms I rms VA S k  P  jQ

Sk  Vrms I rms cos (θ v  θ i )  j Vrms I rms sin (θ v  θ i )

SK  Vrms I  Vrms I rms  θ v  θ i VA


*
rms

cosV   I   j sin V   I 


Vm I m Vm I m
Sk 
2 2
16

Complex Power

 complex power can be represented in power triangle,

Im

Power factor: cos

|S|
Q

P Re
17

Complex Power

The load impedance can be expressed as


V Vm V  Vm
Z   V   I 
I I m  I  I m

cosV   I   j sin V   I 


Vm Vm
and in rectangular form Z
Im Im
Thus, the impedance can be further written as
Z  Z V   I  or Z  R  jX

where R is the resistance and X is the reactance.


18

Complex Power

Both complex power and impedance can be represented in triangle,

Im Im

|S| |Z| Inductive load


Q X
 
Re Re
P R
19

Complex Power

Both complex power and impedance can be represented in triangle,

P R
Re Re

Q
X Capactive load
|S| |Z|

Im Im
20

Example 2

Find the complex power


delivered by the source if
i(t) R L
R=20Ω, L=3H and
i(t)=1.25cos(5t–150) A.
21

Example 3

If (11.72+j11.72) VA is absorbed at the load, find Real power,


reactive power and power factor.

You might also like