SOLUTION MANUAL

ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II –ASSIGNMENT 1,

QUESTION 9 Net heat flow

1 m3 of air is heated reversibly at constant Q net  Q12  Q 23  358  256  102 kJ

pressure from 15 to 300 oC, and is then
cooled reversibly at constant volume back to Net entropy change
the initial temperature. The initial pressure is
1.03 bars. Calculate the net heat flow and
ΔSnet  ΔS12  ΔS23
the overall change of entropy, and sketch the  0.864  0.617  0.247 kJ/K
processes on a T – s diagram.
SOLUTION

P = constant
v = constant

1 3

s
Process 1-2 (constant pressure)

PV 1.03  10 2  1
m   1.25 kg
RT 0.287  288

Q12  mc p T2  T1   1.25  1.005  573  288

 358 kJ
T   573 
ΔS  m c p ln  2   1.25  1.005  ln  
 T1   288 
 0.864 kJ/K

Process 2-3 (constant volume)

Q 23  mc v T3  T2   1.25  0.718  288  573

 256kJ
T   288 
ΔS  mc v ln  3   1.25  0.718  ln  
 T2   573 
 0.617 kJ/K

ME 365- Assignment 1 Page 1

 SOLUTION MANUAL
ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II –ASSIGNMENT 1,

QUESTION 12 (b). Taking the fluid to be steam and

using the steam tables
1 kg of a fluid at 30 bar, 300 oC, expands
reversibly and isothermally to a pressure of T1  300 C
0.75 bar. Calculate the heat flow and the  superheated steam
P1  30 bar 
work done (i) when the fluid is air, (ii) when
the fluid is steam. Sketch each process on a u 1  u @ 30bar,300C  2751 kJ/kg
T – s diagram.
s1  s @ 30 bar,300C  6.541 kJ/kg.K
SOLUTION
m  1kg , P1  30 bar  3000 kPa,
T2  300 C 
P2  0.75 bar  750 kPa  superheated steam
P2  0.75 bar 
T1  300C  573 K
u 2  u @ 0.75bar,300C  2811 kJ/kg
(a). Taking air to be the fluid and treating
it as a perfect gas s 2  s @ 0.75bar,300C  8.349 kJ/kg.K

pv  constant isothermal process For the isothermal process 1-2

V1 
mRT1 1  0.287  573
  0.0548 m 3 Q12  T  S  Ts 2  s1 
P1 3000  5738.349  6.541  1035.9 kJ/kg
P1 V1  P2 V2
P V 30  0.0458 From 1st law of thermodynamics
 V2  1 1   2.192 m 3
P2 0.75 W12  u 2  u 1  Q12
For an isothermal process of a gas  W12  2811  2751  1035.9
ΔU  0  Q12  W12  975 kJ/kg
V 
W12  P1 V1ln  2 
 V1  T
P1 P2
 2.192 
 3000  0.0548 ln    -606.5 kJ/kg 1 2
 0.0548 
ΔU  0  Q12  W12  606.5 kJ/kg
T
P1
P2

1 s
2

ME 365- Assignment 1 Page 2

 SOLUTION MANUAL
ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II –ASSIGNMENT 1,

QUESTION 13

1 kg of a fluid at 2.62 bar, - 3oC, is T

P2
compressed according to a law pv = constant P1
to a pressure of 8.2 bar. Calculate the work
input and the heat supplied (i) when the fluid
2
is air, (ii) when the fluid is a refrigerant 1
initially dry saturated with the properties
given in the table 1 below. Sketch each s
process on a T – s diagram.
(b). Taking the refrigerant to be the fluid
Table 1: Property values of refrigerant
and using the table provided
Saturation values v1  v g @ 2.62bar  0.0757 m 3 /kg
tg pg vg hf hg
o 3
h 1  h g @ 2.62bar  292.94 kJ/kg
( C) (bar) (m /kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg)
-3.0 2.62 0.0757 96.07 292.94 u1  h1  p1 v1  292.94  262  0.0757  273 kJ/kg
32.3 8.20 0.0248 144.29 313.05 Pv 2.62  0.0757
v2  1 1   0.0242 m 3 /kg
SOLUTION P2 8.2
m  1kg , P1  2.62 bar  262 kPa, v 2  v g hence a saturated liquid - vapour mixture
P2  8.2bar  820kPa v 2 0.0242
x2    0.975
T1  3C  270K v g 0.0248
h 2  h f @ 8.2 bar  x 2 h g  h f @ 8.2 bar
(a). Taking air to be the fluid and treating
it as a perfect gas  144.29  0.975313.05  144.29  308.83 kJ/kg
u 2  h 2  p 2 v 2  308.83  820  0.0242  289 kJ/kg
pv  constant isothermal process
v 
mRT1 1  0.287  270 W12  P1 v1ln  2
V1    0.296 m 3  v1
P1 262
 0.0242 
P1 V1  P2 V2  262  0.0757 ln    22.62 kJ/kg
 0.0757 
P1 V1 2.62  0.296
 V2    0.095 m 3 From 1st law of thermodynamics
Q12  W12  U 2  U1  Q12  U 2  U1   W12
P2 8.2

 289  273  22.62  6.62 kJ/kg

For an isothermal process of a gas
ΔU  0  Q12  W12
V  T
W12  P1 V1ln  2 
 V1  P2
2
 0.095  P1
 262  0.296 ln    88.14 kJ
 0.296 
ΔU  0  Q12  W12  88.14 kJ 1

ME 365- Assignment 1 Page 3

 SOLUTION MANUAL
ME 365-THERMODYNAMICS II –ASSIGNMENT 1,

QUESTION 14 State 2

2  P1 v 1
P2 v1.2 1.2
At the start of the compression process in
1.5  0.109
the reciprocating compressor of a 1.2
P1 v1.2
refrigeration plant the refrigerant is at 1.5  v1.2
2 
1

P2 6.5
bar, dry saturated. At the end of the
1.21
compression process, which is according to 1.5  0.109 1.2 
 v2     0.0321 m 3 /kg
a reversible polytropic law pv1.2 = constant,
 6.5 
the pressure is 6.5 bar. Using the properties
of refrigerant given in the table 2 below and
interpolating where necessary, calculate: (i) Since v 2  v sat  the refrigerant is
The change of specific entropy during the superheated at state 2
process; (ii) The degree of superheat of the
refrigerant after compression. Hence performing the necessary
interpolation to determine T2 and s2 gives
Table 2: Property values of refrigerant
T/°C v/(m3/kg) s/.(kJ/kg.K)
50 0.030 1.15
- 0.0321 -
70 0.034 1.21

 0.0321  0.03  
T2     70  50  50
 0.034  0.03  
 60.5 C
SOLUTION
State 1  0.0321  0.03  
s 2     1.21  1.15  1.15
P1  1.5 bar   0.034  0.03  
dry saturated refrigeran t  1.1815 kJ/kg.K
x 1  1.0 
v1  v g @1.5 bar  0.109 m 3 /kg Δs  s 2  s1  1.1815  1.12
s1  s g @1.5 bar  1.12 kJ/kg.K  0.0615 kJ/kg.K
T1  Tsat @ 1.5bar  20 C  253 K
Degree of superheat  T2  Tsat @ 6.5bar
 60.5  25  35.5 K  35.5 C

ME 365- Assignment 1 Page 4