Work, Energy, Momentum, & Power Assignment

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following best represents the momentum of a small car travelling at a city speed limit?

A. 1 000 kg m/s
B. 10 000 kg m/s
C. 100 000 kg m/s
D. 1 000 000 kg m/s
____ 2. A 0.080 kg tennis ball travelling East at 15 m/s is struck by a tennis racquet, giving it a
velocity of 25 m/s, West. What are the magnitude and direction of the impulse given to the ball?

MAGNITUDE DIRECTION
A. 0.80 N s Eastward
B. 0.80 N s Westward
C. 3.2 N s Eastward
D. 3.2 N s Westward
____ 3. A climbers gravitational potential energy increases from 14000 J to 21000 J while
climbing a cliff. She expends 18000 J of energy during this activity. What is the efficiency
of this process?

A. 3%
B. 39%
C. 61%
D. 97%
____ 4. A 40000 kg rail car travelling at 2.5 m/s collides with and locks to a stationary 30000 kg
car. Determine the speed of the locked cars and state whether the collision is elastic or
inelastic.

SPEED OF LOCKED CARS TYPE OF COLLISION

A. 1.4 m/s Elastic
B. 1.4 m/s Inelastic
C. 1.9 m/s Elastic
D. 1.9 m/s Inelastic
____ 5. Which of the following correctly describes momentum and impulse?

MOMENTUM IMPULSE
A. vector vector
B. vector scalar
C. scalar vector
D. scalar scalar
____ 6. A stationary object explodes into two fragments. A 4.0 kg fragment moves westwards at 3.0 m/s.
What are the speed and kinetic energy of the remaining 2.0 kg fragment?

SPEED KINETIC ENERGY

A. 4.2 m/s 18 J
B. 4.2 m/s 36 J
C. 6.0 m/s 18 J
D. 6.0 m/s 36 J
____ 7. A 1000 kg vehicle travelling westward at 15 m/s is subjected to a 1.0 104 N s impulse
northward. What is the magnitude of the final momentum of the vehicle?

A. 5.0 103 kg m/s

B. 1.5 104 kg m/s
C. 1.8 104 kg m/s
D. 2.5 104 kg m/s
____ 8. 6. A cyclist increases his kinetic energy from 1100 J to 5200 J in 12 s. His power output during this
time is

A. 92 W
B. 260 W
C. 340 W
D. 430 W
____ 9. A machine rated at 1500 W lifts a 100 kg object 36 m vertically in 45 s. What is the efficiency of
this machine?

A. 0.053
B. 0.48
C. 0.52
D. 0.65
____ 10. A force is applied to an 8.0 kg object initially at rest. The magnitude of the net force varies
with distance as shown.

What is the speed of the object after moving 15 m?

A. 5.0 m/s B. 6.1 m/s C. 7.1 m/s D. 8.7 m/s

____ 11. Two cars collide head-on and come to a complete stop immediately after the collision.
Which of the following is correct?

TOTAL MOMENTUM TOTAL ENERGY

A. is conserved is conserved
B. is conserved is not conserved
C. is not conserved is conserved
D. is not conserved is not conserved
____ 12. An object travelling due north experiences an impulse due east. The direction of the change in
momentum of this object is

A. southeast.
B. southwest.
C. northwest.
D. northeast.
____ 13. Power is

A. work done.
B. the change in energy.
C. the change in kinetic energy.
D. the rate of change in energy.
____ 14. A 16 kg object is dropped from a height of 25 m and strikes the ground with a speed of 18 m/s. How
much heat energy was produced during the fall?

A. 0J
B. 1 300 J
C. 2 600 J
D. 3 900 J
____ 15. A 1200 kg truck travelling at 9.6 m/s due south runs into a 850 kg car travelling at 15 m/s due west.
The two vehicles stick together after they collide.

With what speed does the combined mass move immediately after the collision?
 A. 0.60 m/s B. 2.7 m/s C. 8.4 m s D. 12 m/s

____ 16. An electric motor outputs 1500 W of power in pulling a 70 kg crate of fish up a very slippery
loading ramp at a constant speed. The ramp is inclined 31 to the horizontal. Determine the speed of
the crate. (Ignore friction.)

A. 1.9 m/s
B. 2.1 m/s
C. 2.6 m/s
D. 4.2 m/s
____ 17. A 55.0 kg athlete steps off a 10.0 m high platform and drops onto a trampoline. As the
trampoline stretches, it brings him to a stop 1.00 m above the ground.

How much energy must have been momentarily stored in the trampoline when he came to rest?

A. 0J
B. 539 J
C. 4850 J
D. 5390 J
____ 18. An object starts from rest and slides down a frictionless track as shown. It leaves the track
horizontally, striking the ground at a distance d as shown.

The same object is now released from twice the height, 2h. How far away will it land?
 A. d
B. d
C. 2d
D. 4d

____ 19. A 1000 N force is applied to a block as shown. There is 300 N of sliding friction as the block moves
25 m along the surface.

How much work was done by the applied force in moving this block?

A. 1.5 104 J
B. 1.8 104 J
C. 2.0 104 J
D. 2.7 104 J
____ 20. A small rubber ball moving at high speed strikes a stationary cart. As a result of the collision, the
rubber ball rebounds and the cart rolls forward. Which object experienced the greater magnitude of
impulse?

A. Cart
B. Rubber ball
C. Both experienced the same magnitude of impulse.
D. It depends on whether the collision was elastic or inelastic.
____ 21. A crane lifts a 3900 kg shipping container through a vertical height of 45 m in 8.0 s. What is the
minimum average power that the crane motor must supply?

A. 2.7 103 W
B. 7.7 103 W
C. 2.1 105 W
D. 1.7 106 W
____ 22. An electric winch operates from a 120 V source at 3.5 A. The winch lifts a 360 kg object 2.5 m
vertically in 45 s. What is the efficiency of the winch?

A. 4.8%
B. 17%
C. 19%
D. 47%
____ 23. A 0.40 kg ball rolls at 8.5 m/s towards a player. The player kicks the ball so that it then
travels at 15.2 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the magnitude of the impulse that the
ball sustained?

A. 1.3 N s
B. 2.7 N s
C. 4.7 N s
D. 9.5 N s
____ 24. A wad of putty is thrown against a wall as shown. The wad of putty sticks against the wall.

Which of the following statements best applies the application of the law of conservation of energy
to this collision?

A. All energy has been lost.

B. Kinetic energy is converted to heat.
C. Kinetic energy is converted to momentum.
D. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.
____ 25. An object experiences a varying force as shown in the following F-t graphs. Which graph shows the
largest change in momentum?

A. B. C. D.
____ 26. An 8.0 kg ball travelling at 6.3 m/s due east strikes a 2.4 kg ball initially at rest. The collision is
oblique, causing the 2.4 kg ball to travel at 4.5 m/s at 510 south of east.

What speed will the 8.0 kg ball have after the collision?

A. 5.0 m/s
B. 5.6 m/s
C. 5.8 m/s
D. 7.7 m/s
____ 27. A projectile is fired through a fixed block of wood. The diagram shows the projectile above point P
just before it enters the block and again above point Q just after leaving the block.

Which of the graphs best illustrates how the kinetic energy of the projectile varies over the time it
takes to travel from P to Q?

A. B. C. D.
____ 28. A 1.0 kg cart moves to the right at 6.0 m/s and strikes a stationary 2.0 kg cart. After the
head-on collision, the 1.0 kg cart moves back to the left at 2.0 m/s and the 2.0 kg cart moves to the
right at 4.0 m/s. In this collision

A. only momentum is conserved.

B. only kinetic energy is conserved.
C. both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved.
____ 29. A 25 kg object is moving due north at 33 m/s . If an impulse of 330 N s is applied at
450 N of W to this object, what is the final velocity of this object?

SPEED DIRECTION
A. 33 m/s 45 0 N of W
B. 33 m/s 78 0 N of W
C. 43 m/s 45 0 N of W
D. 43 m/s 78 0 N of W
____ 30. Which of the following best represents the work-energy theorem?

A. W= E
B. Ek =Ep
C. W =Ff d
D. Ep =P t
____ 31. A 60 kg girl and her 45 kg brother are at rest at the centre of a frozen pond. He pushes her so that she
slides away at 2.4 m/s. How much total work is done? (Ignore friction.)

A. 58 J
B. 170 J
C. 350 J
D. 400 J
Problem

32. A space vehicle made up of two parts is travelling at 230 m/s as shown.

An explosion causes the 450 kg part to separate and travel with a final velocity of 280 m/s as shown.

a) What was the momentum of the space vehicle before the explosion? (2 marks)

b) What was the magnitude of the impulse on the 1200 kg part during the separation? (3 marks)

c) Using principles of physics, explain what changes occur, if any, to the

i) momentum of the system as a result of the explosion. (2 marks)

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ii) kinetic energy of the system as a result of the explosion. (2 marks)

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33. A 0.25 kg cart travelling at 3.0 m/s collides with and sticks to an identical stationary cart
on a level track. (Ignore friction.)

To what height h do the combined carts travel up the hill? (7 marks)

34. A 170 kg cart and rider start from rest on a 20.0 m high incline.

a) How much energy is transformed to heat? (5 marks)

b) What is the average force of friction acting on the cart? (2 marks)
35. A 0.50 kg ball starting from position A which is 7.5 m above the ground, is projected down an
incline as shown. Friction produces 10.7 J of heat energy.

The ball leaves the incline at position B travelling straight upward and reaches a height of 13.0 m
above the floor before falling back down.

What was the initial speed, v0, at position A? Ignore air resistance. (7 marks)
36. A motor using W is 81% efficient. This motor is pulling a 450 kg block along a horizontal
surface. If the coefficient of friction is 0.35, what is the speed of the block? (7 marks)
37. An electric motor and a rope are used to pull a 10 kg crate of car parts up an inclined plane as shown
below. The crate starts out from rest on the ground and ends up with speed vf at a height of 4.0 m
above the ground.

The graph below shows the force exerted on the crate by the motor as it is pulled 10 m up the
inclined plane.

a) How much work is done on the crate by the electric motor from d 0 m to d 10 m?
(3 marks)
b) 150 J of heat energy is produced through friction during the 10 m pull. What is the final speed of
the crate at d =10 m? (4 marks)
38. Two steel pucks are moving as shown in the diagram. They collide inelastically.

Determine the speed and direction (angle) of the 1.3 kg puck before the collision. (7 marks)
39. A student plots the graph below, showing the kinetic energy Ek of a motorbike versus the
square of its velocity v2 .

a) What is the slope of this graph? (2 marks)

b) What does the slope represent? (2 marks)

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c) Using the axes below, sketch the graph of kinetic energy Ek versus velocity v for this
motorbike. There is no need to plot any data points. (1 mark)
40. A 3.00 kg object initially at rest explodes into three fragments as shown in the diagram below.

What are the speed and direction of the 0.80 kg fragment? (7 marks)
Short Answer

41. In sports such as golf, tennis and baseball, a player exerts a force over a time interval on a ball, as
shown on the graph, in order to give it a high speed.

Players are instructed to “follow through” on their swing. A weaker player may not exert as large a
force but may give the ball a higher speed than a stronger player.

a) Sketch on the graph below how a weaker player can overcome the force handicap.
(1 mark)

b) Explain how the player can impart a greater impulse on a ball. (3 marks)

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