Scribd
Upload
6 views

Lecture4 Part1b

The document discusses deformation of materials including deformation gradient tensor, deformation measures like Cauchy-Green tensors, and deformation of line and surface elements. It also classifies deformation and discusses the principal values and directions as well as the small deformation limit of linear elasticity theory.

Uploaded by

Purushotham Beeraka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Lecture4 Part1b

The document discusses deformation of materials including deformation gradient tensor, deformation measures like Cauchy-Green tensors, and deformation of line and surface elements. It also classifies deformation and discusses the principal values and directions as well as the small deformation limit of linear elasticity theory.

Uploaded by

Purushotham Beeraka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Deformation

• Deformation of a body results in development of stresses inside the


body
• Stress is related to deformation (for solids) and deformation rate (for
fluids)
• Forces due to developed stress appear in equations of motion for the
body

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 1


Deformation
• Deformation gradient tensor
• Deformation measures
• Right and left Cauchy Green tensors
• Green-Lagrange and Cauchy-Euler strain tensors
• Deformation of line, surface and volume elements
• Classification
• Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous
• Plane strain
• Small/Infinitesimal deformation limit – Linear elasticity theory
• Principal values and directions, Polar decomposition theorem

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 2


Deformation gradient tensor
• Deformation field or mapping:𝒙 = 𝒙 𝑿, 𝑡 or 𝑿 = 𝑿 𝒙, 𝑡 (if invertible)
𝜕𝑥𝑖
• Deformation gradient tensor 𝐹𝑖𝑗 = describes local deformation of a
𝜕𝑋𝑗
material element d𝑿 in reference configuration or d𝒙 in the deformed
configuration

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 3


Deformation gradient tensor

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 4


Deformation gradient tensor

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 5


Deformation of a material line element
Time instant t = 0
Time instant t
𝒆ො 3
Q’
Q

෡𝒕
𝛿𝐿𝑬 𝛿𝑙ො𝒆𝒕

𝒖
P’
𝑿 P
𝒙

O 𝒆ො 2

෡𝒕𝑇 𝐹𝑇 𝐹 𝑬
𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑥𝑖 𝑋𝑗 , 𝑡 : 𝜆2 = 𝑬 ෡𝒕
𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝟐 𝑋𝑗 = 𝑋𝑗 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑡 : 1/𝜆2 = 𝒆ො 𝒕 𝑇 [ 𝐹 −1 𝑇 𝐹 −1 ] 𝒆ො 𝒕
𝒆ො 1
Continuum Mechanics, APL701 6
Deformation of a material line element
Time instant t = 0
Time instant t
𝒆ො 3
Q’
Q
𝛿𝑙
𝜆=
෡𝒕
𝛿𝐿𝑬 𝛿𝑙ො𝒆𝒕 𝛿𝐿
𝒖
P’ ෡ 𝒕 = 𝜆ො𝒆𝒕
𝐹𝑬
𝑿 P
𝒙
𝑇
෡𝒕
𝐹𝑬 ෡ 𝒕 ) = (𝜆ො𝒆𝒕 ) 𝑇 (𝜆ො𝒆𝒕 )
(𝐹 𝑬
O 𝒆ො 2
𝑇
෡ ෡𝒕
𝜆 = 𝑬𝒕 𝐹 𝑇 𝐹 𝑬
2

𝒆ො 1
Continuum Mechanics, APL701 7
Deformation gradient tensor
• Displacement of particle P is given by
𝒖=𝒙−𝑿
• Deformation gradient tensor
𝜕𝑥𝑖
𝐹𝑖𝑗 =
𝜕𝑋𝑗
• Displacement gradient tensor
𝜕𝑢𝑖
𝐷𝑖𝑗 = = 𝐹𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 𝐹 − 𝐼
𝜕𝑋𝑗

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 8


Deformation measures
• Deformation gradient tensor 𝐹 is in general not symmetric
• Extension ratio of a material line element is expressed as,
𝑇
෡
𝜆 = 𝑬𝒕 𝐹 𝑇 𝐹 𝑬
2 ෡𝒕
• Right Cauchy Green tensor: 𝐶 = 𝐹 𝑇 𝐹 (symmetric, positive definite)
• Symmetric ⇒ eigen values are real and the eigen vectors are orthogonal
• Positive definite ⇒ the eigen values are > 0
• Left Cauchy Green tensor: 𝐵 = 𝐹 𝐹 𝑇 (symmetric, positive definite)

Continuum Mechanics, APL701 9

You might also like