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Discrete Assignment

The document discusses various topics related to permutations, combinations, mathematical induction, relations, logic, and proofs. Several word problems are provided involving arrangements, palindromes, divisibility, and relations. Logical statements and arguments are also given involving implications, biconditionals, and inferences between propositions.

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krishan.23hcs4126
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32 views

Discrete Assignment

The document discusses various topics related to permutations, combinations, mathematical induction, relations, logic, and proofs. Several word problems are provided involving arrangements, palindromes, divisibility, and relations. Logical statements and arguments are also given involving implications, biconditionals, and inferences between propositions.

Uploaded by

krishan.23hcs4126
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Permutations and Combinations

1. A dance pair means a woman and man dancing together. How many such
dance pairs can be formed from a group of 6 women and 10 men?

2. Eight chairs are numbered 1 to 8. Two women and three men are to occupy
one chair each. First the women choose the chairs from amongst the chairs 1 to
4 and then men select from the remaining chairs. Find the number of possible
arrangements.

3. Calculate the number of ways to paint 12 offices so that 3 of them will be


green, 2 of them pink, 2 of them yellow and the remaining ones whites?

4. How many permutations can be made with the letters of the word
CONSTITITION and:
(i) In how many ways vowels occur together?
(ii) In how many ways consonants and vowels occur alternatively?
(iii) How many of these will have the letter N both at the beginning and at the
end?

5. A palindrome is a word that reads the same forward and backward. How
many seven-letter palindromes can be made out of English alphabet?

6. In how many ways can 20 boys and 7 girls stand in a circle so that no two
girls are next to each other?

Principal of Mathematical Induction


1. A jigsaw puzzle consists of a number of pieces. Two or more pieces with
matched boundaries can be put together to form a “big” piece. Finally, when all
piece are put together as one single block, the jigsaw puzzle is set to be solved.
Putting two blocks with matched boundaries together is counted as one move.
Use principle of mathematical induction to prove that for a jigsaw puzzle with n
pieces it will take n-1 moves to solve the puzzle.

2. Use mathematical induction to show that:


1 + 2 + 22 + ⋯ + 2n = 2n+1 − 1

3. Show that 𝑛4 − 4𝑛2 is divisible by 3 for all 𝑛 ≥ 2 by induction.

4. Use mathematical induction to show that:


1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ⋯ + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 3)/4
Relations
1. What is the meaning of antisymmetry in context of a relation? Is relation
R={(a,b) | a divides b where a,b belong to S} is an antisymmetric relation on
set S={2, 4,5,10, 12, 20, 25}.

2. Prove that reflexivity does not impact symmetricity in a relation.

3. Let R be a binary relation on the set of all positive integers such that R={(a,
b) | a-b is an odd positive integer} Is R i) Reflexive? ii) Symmetric? iii)
Antisymmetric? iv) Transitive?

Logic
1. Consider the following advertisement of a game:
(i) There are three statements in this advertisement.
(ii) Two of them are not true.
(iii) The average increase in IQ scores of people who learned this game is more
than 20 points.
Prove that the statement (iii) is true using truth table.

2. Show that the following argument is valid:


“If Mohan is a lawyer then he is ambitious. If Mohan is an early riser, then he
does not like rice. If Mohan is ambitious then is early riser. Then if Mohan is a
lawyer, then he does not like rice.”

3. Find the converse and contrapositive of the following statement:


“If I go to market, then I buy a pen”.

4. Let P, Q and R be the propositions as follows:


P : You go to school.
Q : You appear in the exam.
R : You pass the exam.
Write the following statements in symbolic form:
(i) You do not go to school and you do not appear in the exam.
(ii) If you do not go to school and you do not appear in the exam, then you do
not pass the exam.
(iii) You go to school and you appear in the exam, but you do not pass the
exam.

5. Consider the following statements:


Riya is preparing food. If Riya is preparing food then Riya is not going to
school. If Riya is not going to school then her father does not make her take the
examination. Using the rules of inference prove “Riya’s father does not make
her take the examination.”

6. Show that ¬𝑝 is tautologically implied by ¬(𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞), ¬𝑞 ∨ 𝑟, ¬𝑟

7. Show that (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑟 → 𝑞) and (𝑝 ∨ 𝑟) → 𝑞 are logically equivalent.

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