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Examples On OC and SC Test of Transformer For PDF

The document contains three examples of open-circuit and short-circuit tests conducted on transformers. It provides the test parameters and calculations to determine transformer efficiency and secondary voltages under different load conditions. Circuit parameters like resistance and reactance are also calculated from test results.

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Mengistu Tarko
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60 views7 pages

Examples On OC and SC Test of Transformer For PDF

The document contains three examples of open-circuit and short-circuit tests conducted on transformers. It provides the test parameters and calculations to determine transformer efficiency and secondary voltages under different load conditions. Circuit parameters like resistance and reactance are also calculated from test results.

Uploaded by

Mengistu Tarko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Examples on OC and SC

Test on Transformer
By : Dr. Atul R. Phadke
Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering
Government College of Engineering, Karad (Maharashtra)
EXAMPLE 1:
Open-circuit and short-circuit tests conducted on a 10 kVA, 500/2000 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer gave the following readings: Open circuit test on primary side: 500 V, 120 W, Short-circuit
test on primary side: 15 V, 20 A, 100 W. Determine (a) efficiency on full load unity power factor, (b)
secondary terminal voltage on full load 0.8 lagging and leading power factor.
Given data: kVA rating = 10, Vi = 500 V, V2 = 2000 V, OC test: Vi = 500 V, W0 = 120 W = 0.12 kW, SC
test: VSC = 15 V, ISC = 20 A, WSC = 100 W = 0.1 kW
Iron loss Wi = Wo = 0.12 kW
𝑘𝑉𝐴×1000 10 ×1000
Full load current on primary side = = = 20 𝐴
𝑉1 500
𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 𝐼𝐹𝐿 = 20 𝐴
 Copper loss at full load, WC = 0.1 kW
𝑥𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
% 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 % 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑥 = × 100
𝑥𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝑊𝑖 + 𝑥 2 𝑊𝑐
1 × 10 × 1
∴ 𝐹𝐿 = × 100 = 97.85%
1 × 10 × 1 + 0.12 + (1)2 × 0.1
𝑊𝑆𝐶
𝑅01 = 2 
𝐼𝑆𝐶
100
 𝑅01 = = 0.25 
202 2
EXAMPLE 1:
Given data: kVA rating = 10, Vi = 500, Vi = 2000, OC test: Vi = 500 V, W0 = 120 W0 = 0.12 kW, SC
test: VSC = 15 V, ISC = 20 A, WSC = 100 W = 0.1 kW
100
𝑅01 = = 0.25 
202
𝑉𝑆𝐶 15
𝑍01 = = = 0.75 
𝐼𝑆𝐶 20

 𝑋01 = 2
𝑍01 2
− 𝑅01 = 0.752 − 0.252 = 0.71 
𝑉2 2000
𝐾= = =4
𝑉1 500
𝑅02 = 𝑅01 𝐾 2 = 0.25 × 42 = 4 
𝑋02 = 𝑋01 𝐾 2 = 0.71 × 42 = 11.36 
𝑘𝑉𝐴×1000 10 ×1000
Full load current on secondary side = = =5𝐴
𝑉2 2000
Approximate voltage drop at 0.8 p.f. lagging = 𝐼2 𝑅02 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝐼2 𝑋02 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
= 5 × 4 × 0.8 + 5 × 11.36 × 0.6 = 50.08 𝑉
 𝑉2 = 2000 − 50.08 = 1949.92 𝑉
For 0.8 leading power factor 𝑉2 = 2000 − 𝐼2 𝑅02 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ − 𝐼2 𝑋02 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ = 2018.08 𝑉
3
EXAMPLE 2:
Open circuit and short circuit tests were conducted on a 50 kVA, 6360/240 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer to find its efficiency. The observations during the test are: Open-circuit test: Voltage across
primary winding 6360 V, primary current 1.0 A, power input 2 kW. Short-circuit test: voltage across
primary 180 V, current in secondary 175 A, power input 2 kW. Calculate the efficiency of transformer at
full load 0.8 lagging power factor.
Given data: kVA rating = 50, V1 = 6360 V, V2 = 240 V, I0 = 1 A, W0 = 2 kW, VSC = 180 V, WSC = 2 kW
In OC test, voltage across primary = 6360 V = rated primary voltage
 𝑊𝑖 = 𝑊0 = 2 𝑘𝑊
𝑘𝑉𝐴×1000 50 ×1000
Full load current on secondary side = = = 208.33 𝐴
𝑉2 240
ISC = 175 A, which is not equal to the full load current
 WSC is not equal to WC, i.e., copper loss at full load.
175
If I2 = 175 A, the percentage of loading 𝑥 = = 0.84
208.33
𝑥 2 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑊𝑆𝐶
𝑊𝑆𝐶 2
 Copper loss at full load, 𝑊𝑐 = = = 2.83 𝑘𝑊
𝑥2 0.84 2
𝑥𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 1 × 50 × 0.8
% 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 % 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑥 = × 100 = × 100
𝑥𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝑊𝑖 + 𝑥 2 𝑊𝑐 1 × 50 × 0.8 + 2 + 12 × 2.83
= 89.23%
EXAMPLE 3:
A 250/500 V transformer gave the following test results. Open circuit test: 250 V, 1 A, 80 W on low
voltage side, Short circuit test: 20 V, 12 A, 100 W on high voltage side. Calculate the circuit parameters
and draw the equivalent circuit of transformer referred to primary.
Given data: V1 = 250 V, V2 = 500 V, W0 = 80 W, I0 = 1 A,VSC = 20 V, WSC = 100 W, ISC = 12 A
From Open-circuit test -
𝑊0 80
𝑐𝑜𝑠∅0 = = = 0.32
𝑉1 𝐼0 250 × 1
The working component of no-load current, 𝐼𝑤 = 𝐼0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅0 = 1 × 0.32 = 0.32 𝐴
∅0 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.32 = 71.340
 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅0 = sin 71.34 = 0.947
The magnetizing component of no-load current 𝐼𝜇 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅0 = 1 × 0.947 = 0.947 𝐴
𝑉1 250
 Core loss resistance, 𝑅0 = = = 781.25 
𝐼𝑤 0.32
𝑉1 250
 Magnetizing reactance, 𝑋0 = = = 263.99 
𝐼𝜇 0.947

5
EXAMPLE 3:
A 250/500 V transformer gave the following test results. Open circuit test: 250 V, 1 A, 80 W on low
voltage side, Short circuit test: 20 V, 12 A, 100 W. Calculate the circuit parameters and draw the
equivalent circuit of transformer referred to primary.
Given data: V1 = 250 V, V2 = 500 V, W0 = 80 W, I0 = 1 A,VSC = 20 V, WSC = 100 W, ISC = 12 A
𝑉1 250 𝑉1 250
From Open-circuit test - 𝑅0 = = = 781.25 , 𝑋0 = = = 263.99 
𝐼𝑤 0.32 𝐼𝜇 0.947

From Short-circuit test – 0.174  0.38 


𝑊𝑆𝐶 100 I1 𝑅01 𝑋01
𝑅02 = = = 0.694  𝐼2′
2
𝐼𝑆𝐶 122
I0
Iw Iµ
𝑉𝑆𝐶 20
𝑍02 = = = 1.67 
𝐼𝑆𝐶 12 V1 𝑅0 𝑋0 𝑉2′
781.25  263.99 
 𝑋02 = 2
𝑍02 − 2
𝑅02 = 1.672 − 0.6942 = 1.52 
𝑉2 500
𝐾= = =2
𝑉1 250
𝑅01 = 𝑅02ൗ𝐾2 = 0.694Τ22 = 0.174 
𝑋01 = 𝑋02ൗ𝐾2 = 1.52ൗ22 = 0.38 
6

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