769 International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT)

ISSN: 2509-0119.
© 2019 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies
http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Vol. 16 No. 1 August 2019, pp. 256-259

Microcontroller Based Automatic

Flame Suppression System
Phyu Phyu Shein 1, Kyi Kyi Khaing 2
1
ITSM Department, University of Computer Studies( Dawei), Myanmar
2
FCST Dept. MIIT( Mandalay),Myanmar

Abstract - The microcontroller based flame suppression system’s purpose is to control or extinguish a fire. It is a sensor
designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Flame detection systems
provide very rapid detection times and ideally suited to cover large high-hazard volumes. It can include sounding an
alarm, and activating the water pump and then responses to a detected flame. The ability to detect the presence of fire is a
vital part of an overall fire safety strategy. The detection of fires involves a whole range of fundamental scientific
principles as well as the application of advanced technological developments. This article examines the various types of
technology used in modern buildings, tunnels, vehicles etc. Without a means of detection we are unable to alert occupants,
activate many other fire safety measures or summon the fire service.

Keywords - microcontroller, flame suppression, flame Sensor, security.

I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODS AND MATERIAL

Security is a prime concern in our life. Security of buildings This design is based on both hardware and software. For
is almost standardized nowadays. Safety from leaking of gas the design to be implemented, we will be using an AT mega32
and fire are the most important requirements of home and microcontroller, interface with some other hardware
factory security system for people. A conventional security components. The functional block diagram of the system is
system gives the alert signals in terms of higher buzzer sound. shown in Figure 1.
There are various AT mega microcontroller In this paper, we
2.1 General Description of Equipment
are going to use AT mega 328 microcontroller. AT mega 328
microcontroller has different numbers of analogue and digital 2.1.1 Flame Sensor
inputs used for many applications. [1] A flame detector is a sensor designed for detecting and
Flame sensor module consists of a photodiode (IR responding to the existence of a flame or fire. It can detect
receiver), resistor, capacitor, potentiometer, and a comparator ordinary light source and the distance of detection is up to 100
in an integrated circuit. There are different types of flame cm. A flame detector can usually respond faster and more
detection methods. Some of them are: Ultraviolet detector, near accurately than a smoke or heat detector owing to the
IR array detector, infrared (IR) detector, Infrared thermal mechanisms it uses to detect the flame. The flame sensor can
cameras, UV/IR detector etc. [2] In this project we are using an produce digital or analog signal. It can be used as a flame
IR based flame detector sensor. It is based on a high speed and alarm or in firefighting robots. [3] Flame sensor used in this
high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. project is shown in Figure 2.

Corresponding Author: Phyu Phyu Shein 256

Microcontroller Based Automatic Flame Suppression System

Figure 3: AT mega 328 microcontroller Arduino Uno Board

Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram of the System 2.1.3 Relay

Relay module is an electrically operated switch. It is an
electromagnetic device, which consist of solenoid, moving
contacts (switch) and restoring spring and consumes relatively
large amount of power. It is used for the function of isolating
the controlling and the controlled device. Hence it is
possible for the interface IC to control the relay contentedly.
To enable this, a driver circuitry, which will operate as a
dielectric circuit, is to be combine between them.[6] The driver
circuitry senses the presence of a “high” level at the input
and drives the relay from another voltage source. Therefore
the relay is used to switch the electrical supply to the
Figure 2: Flame Sensor appliances. It is used to allow the opening and closing the
circuit depending on the voltage or/and current to ensure the
2.1.2 Microcontroller safety device in the event that the voltage or current is greater
It's an open-source physical computing display than the ability of Arduino to handle. [7] The relay switch is
place based on a simple microcontroller board involves an shown in Figure 4.
ATmega328 microcontroller and a development
environment for writing soft-ware for the board. Arduino
can be used to develop communicating objects, taking
inputs from a selection of switches or sensors and
controlling a selection of lights, water pump and other physical
outputs.[4]
Arduino Uno is microcontroller board and based on
the Atmel’s AT mega 328 microcontroller. “Uno” means one
in Italian and the uno board is the latest in a series of USB
Figure 4: Relay switch
(Universal Serial Bus) .The Arduino Uno board has a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP 3. Operation of the System
header, a reset button, 6 analog inputs and 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs). According to the circuit diagram in Figure 5, the
The board has 32 KB flash memory of which 0.5 KB is used by connections are done by connecting the flame sensor with the
boot-loader, 2 KB of SRAM, 1 KB of EEPROM and 16 MHz microcontroller interfaced by the relay and the buzzer. Input
clock speed. [5] The Arduino Uno board of microcontroller AT and the output connections are properly done and therefore the
mega 328 is shown in Figure 3. connections are to be made easier by connecting using jumper
cables. Program has been uploaded in the microcontroller. The

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Microcontroller Based Automatic Flame Suppression System

power supply 5V is connected to the whole part of the circuit.

Figure 5: Circuit Diagram of the System

Flame detectors comprise an electronic circuit with an
electromagnetic radiation receiver. They are activated when
they receive electromagnetic radiations from one or more
defined wavelengths according to infrared spectrum. It is used
to detect fire and provide the signal upon the detection. The
microcontroller’s analog pin reads the signal on the output pin
of the sensor. It gives logic 1 as output if flame signal is
detected with analog pin, otherwise it gives logic 0 as output. Figure 6: Flow Chart of Flame Suppression System
Arduino Uno checks the logic level on the output pin of the
sensor and performs further tasks such as activating the buzzer
and LED, sending an alert sound. When the microcontroller Open Atmel studio. Copy the program source code along
gives logic 1 output from the digital output pin, it turn on the with its attachment libraries and headers. Save and build the
relay switch. And then the relay immediately drives the water main program source code in Atmel studio. To set board and
pump to response with water to a detected flame. The frequency go to Project- Configuration options in Atmel studio.
functional flow chart of the system is shown in Figure 6. Select device as AT mega 328 and set frequency as 8MHz.
Connect USB programmer to AT mega328 board. Open
3.1 Burning the Code AVRdude software. In configuration settings, select AT mega
328 as microcontroller. In memories section of AVR dude,
The hex file is generated with the same name as program
browse for hex code generated for the main source code. Also,
using an AT mega 328 microcontroller. This program is
check if the write button is ticked. If not, tick it. After
transferred to flash memory of microcontroller. A programmer
uploading hex code. Press executes to burn the code into AT
can be used to burn the program. The program is burnt into
mega 328 board.
microcontroller. The burner uses SPF port of microcontroller
to load the program. III. CONCLUSION
Sensor directs a signal to microcontroller. In the next
step, microcontroller directs an active signal to other
externally connected devices buzzer, relay switch and via
water pump. The proposed system can be used in any place like
homes, hostels, industries, vehicles with low power
consumption. Fire has always been a potential threat to humans

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Microcontroller Based Automatic Flame Suppression System

(and most land-based creatures), so the ability to detect a fire is

something that has been part of our evolution.
REFERENCES
[1] Available [Online] at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_detector
[2] Available [Online] at:
https://www.hochikiamerica.com/img/product/
description/FD%20User%20Manual.pdf
[3] Available [Online] at:
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-
projects/arduino-flame-sensor-interfacing
[4] Available [Online] at: Gudipudi Sushma, Mary Joseph,
A.Ruth Tabitha and M.B.Prashanth Yokesh (2015).
“Image Tracking Based Home Security Using Arduino
Microcontroller”
[5] Available [Online] at: Santoso Budijono, Jeffri Andrianto,
Muhammad Axis and Novradin Noor. (2014)."Design
and Implementation of Modular Home Security System
with Short Messaging System"
[6] Available [Online] at:
https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=335
[7] Available [Online] at:
https://www.firesafetysearch.com/fire-suppression-
systems/

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