Unit 1: Practice Questions

1.1. Introduction to Vectors 7. What is the average acceleration of a tennis ball that has an initial
1. Which of the following quantities are vectors, and which are scalars? Be velocity of 6.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] and a final velocity of 7.3 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊], if it is in
sure to explain the reasoning of your answer. contact with a tennis racket for 0.094 𝑠?
a. A bird flies a distance of 20 𝑚. 1.3. Graphing Motion
b. A train is travelling at 100 𝑘𝑚/ℎ due north. 1. Define uniform motion with non-uniform 18 d m[W]
c. It takes an athlete 10.37 𝑠 to run 100 𝑚. motion in your own words. Give two real-life 15
2. Explain the following in your own words. examples of each type of motion. 12 (4, 12)
a. The difference between position and displacement. 2. Determine the velocity for the motion 9
b. The difference between distance and displacement. described by the graph to the right.
6 (2, 6)
3. What is the displacement of a locomotive that changes its position from
3
25 𝑚 [𝑊] to 76 𝑚 [𝑊]?
4. A car changes its position from 52 𝑘𝑚 [𝑊] to 139 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸]. What is the 1 2 3 4 5 t(s)
car’s displacement? 3. Determine the average acceleration
5. Determine the total displacement for each of the following motions by described by each of the following graphs.
algebraic methods and by using scale diagrams. a. 30 v m/s[E] b. 30 v m/s[E] c. 3 v m/s[E]

a. Δ𝑑⃗ = 10 𝑚[𝑊]; Δ𝑑⃗ = 3.0 𝑚 [𝑊] 25 25 (5, 22.5) 2.5

20 20 2
b. Δ𝑑⃗ = 10 𝑚 [𝑊]; Δ𝑑⃗ = 3.0 𝑚 [𝐸] (5, 20)
(5, 1.5)
15 15 1.5
c. Δ𝑑⃗ = 28 𝑚 [𝑁]; Δ𝑑⃗ = 7.0 𝑚 [𝑆]
10 10 1
d. Δ𝑑⃗ = 7.0 𝑚[𝑊]; Δ⃗𝑑 = 12 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸]; Δ𝑑⃗ = 5.0 𝑘𝑚 [𝑊] 5 5 0.5
(0, 5)
1.2. Rates of Change (0, 0)
(0, 0) 1 2 3 4 5 t(s) 1 2 3 4 5 t(s) 1 2 3 4 5 t(s)
1. What is the displacement of a horse that runs at 3.2 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆] for 12 𝑠?
2. How many seconds would it take a car travelling at 100.0 𝑘𝑚/ℎ to travel
a distance of 16 𝑚? 4. One of your classmates makes the following statement “If an object has
3. What is the velocity (in metres per second) of a Canadian Forces CF-18 an initial velocity of 10 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁] and a final velocity of 10 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆], this
fighter jet that travels 8.864 𝑘𝑚 [𝑆] in 0.297 𝑚𝑖𝑛? object has clearly not accelerated, as it is travelling at a constant speed.”
4. What is the average acceleration of a sports car that increases its velocity Write an email to this student explaining why this statement is incorrect.
from 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] to 4.5 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] in 1.9 𝑠?
5. If a child on a bicycle can accelerate at an average rate of 0.53 𝑚/𝑠 , 5. For the graph to the right, v m/s[W]
how long would it take to increase the bicycle’s velocity from a. Describe the motion of the 7
6
0.68 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁] to 0.89 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁]? object in all three
5
6. While approaching a red light, a student driver begins to apply the segments. 4
brakes. b. Calculate the average 3
a. If the car’s brakes can cause an average acceleration of acceleration of the object 2
2.90 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆] and it takes 5.72 𝑠 for the car to come to rest, in all three segments of the 1
what was the car’s initial velocity? graph.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t(s)
b. What is the significance of the direction of the initial velocity c. Calculate the total
and that of the acceleration? displacement of the object from 0𝑠 to 4.0 𝑠, from 4.0 𝑠 to 7.0 𝑠
and from 7.0 𝑠 to 10.0 𝑠.
 6. For the graph below, d (m)[W] 4. Use the data in the velocity-time graph 10 v m/s[S]
a. Determine the 250 shown to the right to plot the
(10, 200) 5
instantaneous 200 corresponding acceleration-time graph.
velocity at 𝑡 = 6.0 𝑠. 150 (0, –2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 t(s)
–5
b. Determine the 100 (6, 72)
–10
average velocity 50 (4, –10)
–15
between 0 and 10 𝑠.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t(s) –20
1.5. Equation of Motion
1.4. Analysing Graphical Motion 1. A car accelerates from rest at a rate of
1. Complete the table below by adding a check mark in each column that 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁]. What is the displacement of the cart at 𝑡 = 15 𝑠.
applies. (Read = Read directly off graph, Slope = Take the slope of the 2. An astronaut is piloting her spacecraft toward the International Space
graph, Area = Find the area under the graph) Station. To stop the spacecraft, she fires the retro-rockets, which cause
How do you determine… Given a… Read Slope Area the spacecraft to slow down from 20.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] to 0.0 𝑚/𝑠 in 12 𝑠.
Position Position-time graph a. What is the acceleration of the spacecraft?
Velocity Position-time graph b. What is the displacement of the spacecraft when it comes to
Velocity Velocity-time graph
rest?
Acceleration Velocity-time graph
Acceleration Acceleration-time graph 3. A helicopter travelling at a velocity of 15 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] accelerates uniformly
at a rate of 7.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] for 4.0 𝑠. What is the helicopter’s final velocity?
2. From the velocity time graph to the right, v m/s[S] 4. Two go-carts, A and B, race each other around a 1.0 𝑘𝑚 track. Go-cart A
generate the position-time data and then plot
12 travels at a constant speed of 20.0 𝑚/𝑠. Go-cart B accelerates uniformly
10 from rest at a rate of 0.333 𝑚/𝑠 . Which go-cart wins the race and by
the corresponding position-time graph,
8
assuming the initial position is 0 𝑚. how much time?
6
5. A boat increases its speed from 5.0 𝑚/𝑠 to 7.5 𝑚/𝑠 over a distance of
4
50.0 𝑚. What is the boat’s acceleration?
2
6. Within 4.0 𝑠 of liftoff, a spacecraft that is uniformly acceleration straight
1 2 3 4 5 t(s) upward from rest reaches an altitude of 4.50 × 10 𝑚 [𝑢𝑝].
3. Consider the position time graph d (m)[S] a. What is the spacecraft’s acceleration?
70
shown to the right, (6, 64.8) b. At what velocity is the spacecraft travelling when it reaches this
60 altitude?
a. What is the position of the
object at 𝑡 = 5.0 𝑠? 50 1.6. Gravitational Acceleration
b. What is the instantaneous 40 1. A baseball is thrown straight up in the air, reaches its maximum height,
velocity of the object at 30 and falls back down to the height from which it was originally thrown.
3.0 𝑠? 20 (3, 16.2) What is the acceleration of the ball
c. What is the average a. Halfway up to its maximum height
10
velocity for the object’s b. At its maximum height?
motion from 0 𝑠 to 6.0 𝑠? c. Halfway back down to the initial height from which it was
1 2 3 4 5 6 t(s)
thrown?
 2. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 1.5 𝑚. 1.8. Vector Components
a. How long does it take to hit the ground? 1. Break each vector down into an x-component and y-component.
b. What is the velocity of the ball when it has travelled a distance
hallway to the ground?
3. An arrow is show straight up into the air at 80.0 𝑚/𝑠,
a. What is the arrow’s maximum height
b. How long does the arrow take to reach its maximum height?
c. Determine the total amount of time that the arrow is in the air.
4. A rock is thrown down from the top of a cliff with a velocity of
3.61 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]. The cliff is 28.4 𝑚 above the ground. Determine the
velocity of the rock just before it hits the ground. 2. A motorcyclist drives 5.1 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸] and then turns and drives 14 𝑘𝑚 [𝑁].
5. Describe the motion of the object vm/s[up] What is her total displacement?
represented by the velocity-time 30
3. A football player runs 11 𝑚 [𝑁 20° 𝐸]. He then changes direction and
graph shown. Give an example of an 20
runs 9.0 𝑚 [𝐸]. What is his total displacement?
10
object that might undergo this type 4. What is the total displacement from a boat that sails 200.0 𝑚 [𝑆 25° 𝑊]
of motion. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t(s) and then tracks (changes course) and sails 150.0 𝑚 [𝑁 30° 𝐸]?
–10
5. Determine the total displacement of an object that travels
–20
25 𝑚 [𝑁 20° 𝑊] and then 35 𝑚 [𝑆 15° 𝐸].
–30
–40 1.9. Relative Velocity
1. A baseball pitcher is warming up during a flight to a game. If the plane is
1.7. Vectors in 2-D flying at 400 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑊], relative to the ground, and the pitcher is
1. Draw a Cartesian coordinate system on a sheet of paper. Then draw each capable of throwing the ball at 150 𝑘𝑚/ℎ, relative to the plane, find the
vector, to scale, starting at the origin. velocity of the ball, relative to the ground if:
a. Δ𝑑⃗ = 8.0 𝑐𝑚 [𝑆 15° 𝐸] a. They throw the ball towards the front of the plane.
b. Δ𝑑⃗ = 5.7 𝑐𝑚 [𝑁 35° 𝑊] b. They throw the ball towards the back of the plane.
c. Δ𝑑⃗ = 4.2 𝑐𝑚 [𝑁 18° 𝐸] 2. A boat is travelling upstream at 5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑁], relative to the shore. If
2. How could you express the direction of each vector listed in Question 1 there is a current of 7 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑆], what is the speed that the boat can
differently so that it still describes the same vector? achieve in still water?
3. What is the total displacement of two trips, one of 10.0 𝑘𝑚 [𝑁] and the 3. A mouse is crawling inside a cart which is being pushed across the deck of
other of 24 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸]? a moving boat. The mouse is moving at 0.50 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] relative to the cart.
4. If you add the two displacements in question 3 in the opposite order, The cart is travelling at 1.2 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸], relative to the surface of the boat,
would you get the same answer? Explain. and the boat is moving at 4.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁] relative to the water. What is the
5. A horse runs 15 𝑚 [𝑁 23°𝐸] and then 32 𝑚 [𝑆 35° 𝐸]. What is the total velocity of the mouse relative to the water?
displacement of the horse?
6. A car travels 28 𝑚 [𝐸 35° 𝑆] and then turns and travels 45 𝑚 [𝑆]. The
whole motion takes 6.9 𝑠.
a. What is the car’s average velocity?
b. What is the car’s average speed?
 4. A swimmer jumps into a 5.1 𝑘𝑚 wide river and swims straight for the Answers
other side at 0.87 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑁]. There is a current in the river of 1.1 Introduction to Vectors 1.2 Rates of Change
2.0 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑊]. 1. a. Scalar 1. 38 𝑚 [𝑆]
b. Vector 2. 0.58 𝑠
a. How long does it take the swimmer to reach the other side? c. Scalar 3. 497 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆]
b. How far downstream has the current moved her by the time 3. 51 𝑚 [𝑊] 4. 1.3 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊]
4. 191 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸] 5. 0.40 𝑠
she reaches the other side? 5. a. 13 𝑚 [𝑊] 6. a. 16.6 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁]
5. An airplane pilot wants to fly east. The plane has an airspeed of b. 7.0 𝑚 [𝑊] 7. 140 𝑚/𝑠
500 𝑘𝑚/ℎ. If the windspeed is 50.0 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑁], calculate: c. 21 𝑚 [𝑁] 1.4 Analysing Graphical Motion
d. 0.0 𝑘𝑚
a. The heading 3. a. 45 𝑚 [𝑆]
b. The ground speed 1.3 Graphing Motion b. 10.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆]
2. 3 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] c. 10.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆]
1.10. Projectile Motion 3. a. 4.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸]
b. 3.5 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸]
1. A tennis ball thrown horizontally from the top of a water tower lands c. 0.30 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] 1.5 Equations of Motion
20.0 𝑚 from the base of the tower. If the tennis ball is initially thrown at 5. b. 1.5𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊], 0𝑚/𝑠 , 1. 2.3 × 10 𝑚 [𝑁]
a velocity of 10.0 𝑚/𝑠, how high is the water tower? How long does it 2𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] 2. a. 1.7 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊]
c. 12𝑚[𝑊], 18𝑚[𝑊], 9𝑚[𝑊]; b. 1.2 × 10 𝑚 [𝐸]
take the tennis ball to reach the ground? 39 𝑚 [𝑊] 3. 13 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸]
2. A field hockey ball is launched from the ground at an angle to the 6. a. 24 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] 4. A wins by 27 𝑠
b. 20 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] 5. 0.31 𝑚/𝑠
horizontal. What are the ball’s horizontal and vertical accelerations: 6. a.
1.6 Gravitational Acceleration 56 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑢𝑝]
a. At its maximum height? 1. a. 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛] b. 2.2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑢𝑝]
b. Halfway up to its maximum height? b. 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]
c. Halfway down to the ground? c. 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]
2. a. 0.55 𝑠 1.7 Vectors in 2-D
3. An archer shoots at a target 60 𝑚 away. If she shoots at a velocity of b. 3.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛] 3. 450 𝑚 [𝑆 31° 𝐸]
55 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡] from a height of 1.5 𝑚, does the arrow reach the target 3. a. 3.3 × 10 𝑚 5. 26 𝑘𝑚 [𝑁 67° 𝐸]
b. 8.2 𝑠 6. 27 𝑚 [𝐸 27° 𝑆]
before striking the ground? What should the archer do to get her next c. 16 𝑠 7. a. 9.5 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸 69° 𝑆]
shot on target? 4. 24 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛] b. 11 𝑚/𝑠
4. An acrobat launched from a cannon at an angle of 60° above the 1.9 Relative Velocity 1.8 Vector Components
horizontal. The acrobat is caught by a safety net mounted horizontally at 1. a. 550 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑊] 1. a. 13 𝑘𝑚 [𝑊], 15 𝑘𝑚 [𝑁]
b. 250 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑊] b. 2.6 𝑘𝑚 [𝑊], 15 𝑘𝑚 [𝑆]
the height from which he was initially launched. Suppose the acrobat is 2. 12 𝑘𝑚/ℎ c. 36 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸], 17 𝑘𝑚 [𝑁]
launched at a speed of 26 𝑚/𝑠. 3. 4.3 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸 67° 𝑁] 2. 15 𝑘𝑚 [𝐸 70° 𝑁]
a. How long does it take before he reaches his maximum height? 4. a. 5.9 ℎ 3. 16 𝑚 [𝑁 51° 𝐸]
b. 12 𝑘𝑚 4. 52.23 𝑚 [𝑆 11° 𝑊]
b. How long does it take in total for him to reach a point hallway 5. a. [𝐸 5.7° 𝑆] 5. 1.0 × 10 𝑚 [𝑆 3° 𝐸]
back down to the ground? b. 497 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
5. A championship golfer uses a nine iron to chip a shot right into the cup. If 1.10 Projectile Motion
1. 20 𝑚, 2.00 𝑠
the golf ball is launched at a velocity of 20 𝑚/𝑠 at an angle of 45° above 4. a. 2.3 𝑠
the horizontal, how far away was the golfer from the hole when he hit b. 3.9 𝑠
the ball? What maximum height did the ball reach? 5. 41 𝑚 from the hole, max height 10 𝑚