Q4 Math 10 Merged
Q4 Math 10 Merged
Mathematics 10
W1 Area
Quarter 4th
Level
Date
I. LESSON TITLE ILLUSTRATION OF MEASURES OF POSITION
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Illustrates the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) (M10SP – IVa – 1)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Illustrating measures of position
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Introduction (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to :
a) define measures of position;
b) illustrate measures of position; and
c) appreciate the use of measures of position in real life situations.
Assume you are a tourist who wishes to visit Sampaloc Lake in San Pablo City.
How will you find the lake's exact location?
GPS or Google Maps are the best ways to find it. These tools are used to identify
locations. In statistics, there are also ways on how to locate a specific value in a data.
When you were in Grade 7, you encountered one of the measures of central
tendency: the median. It is the middle number in a distribution. It can be illustrated by
using a line shown below.
median
So, if you are given the following data: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, the middlemost value is 5. Hence, it is the median of the data. It is
important to note that the values in a data must be arranged in ascending order before looking for the median.
However, if there are two middlemost values in a data, then get the average of those numbers to get the median. For
6+7 13
example, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, the two middlemost values in the given data are 6 and 7, so the median is = = 6.5.
2 2
Aside from median, there are other measures that indicate position. Study the text below.
B. Development (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Measures of position shows where a certain data point or value falls in a
sample or array of distribution. It can state whether a value is about the
average, or whether it is unusually high or low compared to the data as a whole.
There are a lot of measures of position, but the most common are the quartiles,
deciles, and percentiles.
1) Quartiles- are points that divide the data into four equal parts.
First Quartile (Q1) is a number such that at most one-fourth or 25 % of the data are
smaller in value than Q1 and at most three-fourths or 75% are larger than Q1. It is
also called as lower quartile.
Second Quartile (Q2) is a number such that at most one-half or 50 % of the data are
below and above in value than Q2. Second Quartile is also known as median.
Third Quartile (Q3) is a number such that at most three-fourths or 75 % of the data are
smaller in value than Q3 and at most one-fourth or 25% are larger than Q3. It
is also called as upper quartile.
Illustrative Example No. 1
Mrs. Rivera, a math teacher, conducted her first quiz for the first quarter. The top 5 students got
the following scores: 20, 13, 15, 16, 14. Illustrate 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 of the given data.
• The least value in the data is 13 and the greatest value in the data is 20.
• The middle value in the data is 15. It is the 𝑄2 .
• 𝑄1 or lower quartile is the middle value between the least value and 𝑄2 . In the example above, it is 14.
• 𝑄3 or upper quartile is the middle value between 𝑄2 and the greatest value in the data. In the example above, it is 16.
2) Deciles are the nine score points that divide the data into ten equal parts. D 1, D2, D3,…D9
Third Decile (D3) is a number such that at most 30 % of the data are smaller
in value than D3 and at most 70% are larger than D3.
Fifth Decile (D5) is a number such that at most one-half or 50 % of the data
are below and above in value than D5. It is the median of the set of
data. It is also the 𝑄2 .
Ninth Decile (D9) is a number such that at most 90 % of the data are
smaller in value than D9, and at most 10% are larger than D9.
3) Percentiles are score points that divides the data into 100 equal parts. P 1, P2, P3, …P99.
The nth percentile, Pn, separates the lowest n% from the other (100-n) %.
____2. Vince is the fourth tallest in the group of 10. It means that 60% of the students are shorter than him. Which of the
following measures of position is being illustrated by the given situation?
A. Second Quartile C. Sixth Decile
B. Fourth Decile D. Seventy-fifth Percentile
____3. The scores of the students in their Math Quiz were: 20, 28, 23, 15, 33, 40, 35, 28, and 18. Which of the following illustrate
measures of position?
The final exam scores of 18 students in their Math Test are 24, 58, 61, 67, 71, 73, 76, 79, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 88, 92, 93, 94,
and 97. Illustrate the following:
a. The lower quartile, Q1 d. The median
b. The upper quartile, Q3 e. Sixth Decile
c. Thirteenth Percentile
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 5 minutes)
• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
- I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task 1 LP Learning Task 2 LP Learning Task 3 LP Assessment LP
Number 1 Number 1 Number 1 𝑄1
Number 2 Number 2 Number 2 𝑄3
Number 3 Number 3 Number 3 𝑃13
Number 4 Number 4 Number 4 Median
Number 5 Number 5 Number 5 𝐷6
Prepared by: Abigael Faith R. Marase Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO
MARIA LAILA R. MALOLES
CRISTINA O. HENRY P. CONTEMPLACION
ROSAS
Learning Area Grade Level 10
W2
Mathematics
Quarter Fourth Date
I. LESSON TITLE FINDING MEASURES OF POSITION
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING The learner calculates a specified measure of position (e.g. 90 th
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) percentile) of a set of data. (M10SP-IVb-1)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Calculating a measure of position (grouped and ungrouped data)
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Introduction (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are able to:
a. identify the procedures in calculating measures of position of ungrouped and grouped data;
b. use the appropriate formula in finding measures of position of grouped data; and
c. appreciate the usefulness of measures of position in real life situations.
In Grade 7 Mathematics, you encountered finding median of a set of values. Let us review your knowledge and skills on it.
Study the text below.
In a 10-item Math quiz, 10 students got the following scores: 4, 8, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 10. Find the median of the scores.
These steps are somehow similar with finding the measures of position of ungrouped data. Study the lesson below.
B. Development (Time Frame: 80 minutes)
1. Quartiles – the score points which divide a distribution into four equal parts. (Figure 1)
a. First Quartile – the value where the twenty-five percent (25%) of the distribution
are below it. It is denoted by 𝑄1 . It is also called as the lower
quartile.
b. Second Quartile – the value where fifty percent (50%) or half of the distribution are
below it. It is denoted by 𝑄2 and also the median of the distribution.
c. Third Quartile – the value where seventy-five percent (75%) of the distribution are
below it. It is denoted by 𝑄3 . It is also called as the upper quartile.
Figure 1
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Mendenhall and Sincich Method – a method that can be used in calculating quartiles.
Illustrative Example 1
Find 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 of the following distribution: 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 4.
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Arrange the values in the distribution in ascending order. 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
𝟏 𝑛=9
2. (a) Find the position of 𝑄1 by using (𝒏 + 𝟏) where n is the
𝟒
number of values. The resulting value must be rounded to 1 1 1
the nearest integer. However, if the resulting value falls Position of 𝑄1 = (𝑛 + 1) = (9 + 1) = (10) = 2.5. The
4 4 4
halfway between two integers, round it up. resulting value 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. Therefore,
in the distribution, the third value is 4 and that is 𝑄1
(b) Find the position of 𝑄2 by finding the median.
In the distribution, the middle value or the median is 5.
(c) Find the position of 𝑄3 by using
3
(𝑛 + 1) where n is the Hence, 𝑄2 = 5.
4
number of values. The resulting value must be rounded to 3 3 3
the nearest integer. However, if the resulting value falls Position of 𝑄3 = (𝑛 + 1) = (9 + 1) = (10) = 7.5. The
4 4 4
halfway between two integers, round it down. resulting value 7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down.
3. Look at the arranged distribution. Based on the given distribution,
2. Deciles – the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal parts. They are denoted as 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝐷3 , … , 𝐷9 . (Figure
2)
Figure 2
Finding deciles is similar to finding quartiles except to the formula being used in finding its positions.
Illustrative Example 2
Find the third decile (𝐷3 ) and the seventh decile (𝐷7 ) of the distribution: 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 4.
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Arrange the values in the distribution in ascending order. 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
3 3
2. (a) In finding the position of the third decile (𝐷3 ), use (𝑛 + 1) where n is the (a) Position of 𝐷3 = (9 + 1) =
10 10
number of values. 3
(10) =3
7 10
(b) In finding the position of the seventh decile (𝐷7 ), use (𝑛 + 1) where n is the 𝐷3 is the 3rd data
10
number of values.
7
(b) Position of 𝐷7 = (9 + 1) =
10
Note: The fifth decile (𝐷5 ) is also the median of the distribution. 7
(10) =7
10
𝐷7 is the 7th data
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
3. Look at the distribution. Based on the distribution,
Third Decile (𝐷3 ): the value in the distribution that falls under the computed 𝐷3 = 4
position of 𝐷3 . 𝐷7 = 6
Seventh Decile (𝐷7 ): the value in the distribution that falls under the computed
position of 𝐷7
3. Percentiles – the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts.
Figure 3
It can be used to determine the values for 1%, 2%, …., and 99% of the distribution. 𝑃40 or 40th percentile of the distribution
means 40% of the distribution have values less than or equal to 𝑃40 .
Finding percentiles is similar to finding quartiles and deciles except to the formula being used in finding its positions.
Illustrative Example 3
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Arrange the values in the distribution in ascending order. 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
2. In finding the position of the 30th percentile (𝑃30 )of the (a) Position of 𝑃30 =
30
(9 + 1) =
30
(10) = 3
30 100 100
distribution, use (𝑛 + 1) where n is the number of values. 𝑃30 is the 3rd data.
100
30th Percentile (𝑃30 ): the value in the distribution that falls 𝑃30 = 4
under the computed position of 𝑃30 .
*To get Lower Boundary (LB), subtract 0.5 from the lower limit.
*To get Less than Cumulative Frequency (<cf), add each frequency starting at the bottom.
For 𝑄1
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝑄1 class. 𝑁 50
Position of the 𝑄1 class = = = 12.5.
4 4
2. Then, look for the class interval where 12.5th value belongs to 7th – 18th value.
12.5th value belongs. 6-10 is the 𝑄1 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝑄1 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 5.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 6
frequency below the 𝑄1 class.
5. 𝑓𝑄1 is the frequency of the 𝑄1 class 𝑓𝑄1 = 12
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the 𝑖=5
values from a class interval.
7. Substitute the values in the formula and 𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
get the final answer. 𝑄1 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑄1
1(50)
−6
𝑄1 = 5.5 + ( 4 )5
12
12.5 − 6
𝑄1 = 5.5 + ( )5
12
6.5
𝑄1 = 5.5 + ( ) 5
12
6.5
𝑄1 = 5.5 + ( ) 5
12
𝑄1 ≈ 8.21
*≈ is the symbol used to denote
approximation. It is used in this example
since 𝑄1 is approximated.
For 𝑄2
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝑄2 class. 𝑁 50
Position of the 𝑄2 class = = = 25.
2 2
2. Then, look for the class interval where 25th value belongs to 19th – 27th value.
25th value belongs. 11-15 is the 𝑄2 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝑄2 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 10.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 18
frequency below the 𝑄2 class.
5. 𝑓𝑄2 is the frequency of the 𝑄2 class 𝑓𝑄2 = 9
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the 𝑖=5
values from a class interval.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
7. Substitute the values in the formula and 𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
get the final answer. 𝑄2 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑄2
50
− 18
𝑄2 = 10.5 + ( 2 )5
9
25 − 18
𝑄2 = 10.5 + ( )5
9
7
𝑄2 = 10.5 + ( ) 5
9
𝑄2 ≈ 14.39
For 𝑄3
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝑄3 class. Position of the 𝑄3 class =
3𝑁
=
3(50)
= 37.5.
4 4
2. Then, look for the class interval where 37.5thvalue belongs to 28th
– 38th value.
37.5th value belongs. 16-20 is the 𝑄3 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝑄3 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 15.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 27
frequency below the 𝑄3 class.
5. 𝑓𝑄3 is the frequency of the 𝑄3 class 𝑓𝑄3 = 11
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the 𝑖=5
values from a class interval.
7. Substitute the values in the formula and 3𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
get the final answer. 𝑄3 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑄3
3(50)
− 27
𝑄3 = 15.5 + ( 4 )5
11
37.5 − 27
𝑄3 = 15.5 + ( )5
11
10.5
𝑄3 = 15.5 + ( )5
11
𝑄3 ≈ 20.27
2. Deciles
. In computing the deciles of grouped data, use the formula below:
𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝐷𝑘 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 10 )𝑖
𝑓𝐷𝑘
where: LB=lower boundary of the 𝐷𝑘 class
N=total frequency
𝑐𝑓𝑏 =cumulative frequency of the class before the 𝐷𝑘 class
𝑓𝐷𝑘 =frequency of the 𝐷𝑘 class
𝑖=size of class interval
𝑘= nth decile, where n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 ,7 8, 9
Illustrative Example 5
Calculate the 7th decile of the distribution in Illustrative Example 4.
Solution:
Class Frequency Lower Less than
Interval (f) Boundary Cumulative
(LB) Frequency
(<cf)
26-30 4 26-0.5=25.5 46+4=50
21-25 8 21-0.5=20.5 38+8=46
(28th-38th value) 𝐷7 class
16-20 11 16-0.5=15.5 27+11=38
11-15 9 11-0.5=10.5 18+9=27
6-10 12 6-0.5=5.5 6+12=18
1-5 6 1-0.5=0.5 6
N=50
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝐷7 class. Position of the 𝐷7 class =
7𝑁
=
7(50)
= 35.
10 10
2. Then, look for the class interval where 35th value belongs to 28th – 38th value.
35th value belongs. 16-20 is the 𝑄3 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝐷7 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 15.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 27
frequency below the 𝐷7 class.
5. 𝑓𝐷7 is the frequency of the 𝐷7 class 𝑓𝐷7 = 11
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the 𝑖=5
values from a class interval.
7. Substitute the values in the formula and 7𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
get the final answer. 𝐷7 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 10 )𝑖
𝑓𝐷7
7(50)
− 27
𝐷7 = 15.5 + ( 10 )5
11
35 − 27
𝐷7 = 15.5 + ( )5
11
8
𝐷7 = 15.5 + ( ) 5
11
𝐷7 ≈ 19.14
3. Percentiles
In computing the percentiles of grouped data, use the formula below:
𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑃𝑘 = 𝐿𝐵 + (100 )𝑖
𝑓𝑃𝑘
where: LB=lower boundary of the 𝑃𝑘 class
N=total frequency
𝑐𝑓𝑏 =cumulative frequency of the class before the 𝑃𝑘 class
𝑓𝑃𝑘 =frequency of the 𝑃𝑘 class
𝑖=size of class interval
𝑘= nth percentile, where n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 ,7 8, 9, …, 99
Illustrative Example 6
Calculate the 65th percentile of the distribution in Illustrative Example 4.
Solution:
Class Frequency Lower Less than
Interval (f) Boundary Cumulative
(LB) Frequency
(<cf)
26-30 4 26-0.5=25.5 46+4=50
21-25 8 21-0.5=20.5 38+8=46
(28th-38th value) 𝑃65 class
16-20 11 16-0.5=15.5 27+11=38
11-15 9 11-0.5=10.5 18+9=27
6-10 12 6-0.5=5.5 6+12=18
1-5 6 1-0.5=0.5 6
N=50
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝑃65 class. Position of the 𝑃65 class =
65𝑁
=
65(50)
=
100 100
32.5.
2. Then, look for the class interval where 32.5th value belongs to 28th – 38th value.
32.5th value belongs. 16-20 is the 𝑄3 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝑃65 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 15.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 27
frequency below the 𝑃65 class.
5. 𝑓𝑃65 is the frequency of the 𝑃65 class 𝑓𝑃65 = 11
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the 𝑖=5
values from a class interval.
7. Substitute the values in the formula and 65𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
get the final answer. 𝑃65 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 100 )𝑖
𝑓𝑃65
65(50)
− 27
𝑃65 = 15.5 + ( 100 )5
11
32.5 − 27
𝑃65 = 15.5 + ( )5
11
5.5
𝑃65 = 15.5 + ( ) 5
11
𝑃65 = 18
C. Engagement (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
Learning Task 1
Solve the following problem.
The weights of the students in a class are the following: 69, 70, 75, 66, 83, 88, 66, 63, 61, 68, 73, 57, 52, 58, and 77. Calculate the
following:
1. 𝑄1 4. 𝑃45
2. 𝑄3 5. 𝑃80
3. 𝐷6
Learning Task 2
Given the frequency distribution, compute for the third quartile, fourth decile, and 65 th percentile.
Class Interval f <cf
81-90 7 60
71-80 10 53
61-70 15 43
51-60 4 28
41-50 12 24
31-40 6 12
21-30 3 6
11-20 2 3
1-10 1 1
D. Assimilation (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
Learning Task 3A
Consider the situation below and solve the following problem.
Mr. Mel Santiago is the sales manager of JERRY’S Bookstore. He has 40 sales staff members who visit college professors all over
the Philippines. Each Saturday morning, he requires his sales staff to send him a report. This report includes, among other
things, the number of professors visited during the previous week. Listed below, ordered from smallest to largest, are the
number of professors visited last week.
38 40 41 45 48 48 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 54 55 55 55 56 56 57 59 59 59 62 62 62 63 64 65 66 66 67 67 69 69 71
77 78 79 79
Determine the following:
a. 3rd quartile
b. 9th decile
c. 35th percentile
Learning Task 3B
The following is a distribution for the number of employees in 45 companies belonging to a certain industry. Calculate the
third quartile, 85th percentile, and 4th decile of the number of employees given the number of companies.
Number of Employees Number of Companies
41-45 11
36-40 6
31-35 9
26-30 7
21-25 8
16-20 4
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
Mrs. Rosales gave a 10-item Math quiz to her advisory class. Based on the result, 4 is the median of the scores. What
does it mean?
Explanation: It means that 50% of the students got scores less than or equal to 4. In addition, the other 50% of the class got
scores greater than 4. It comes from the definition of median as the middlemost value in a set of data.
Since median has its equivalents in measures of position, namely, in quartiles, in deciles, and in percentiles, then
measures of position can also be interpreted the same way the median is interpreted.
Look at the following examples and study how each measure is being interpreted.
Illustrative Example 1
In preparation for Palarong Pambansa, Mr. Borja, as CALABARZON athletics team coach, asked his 10 players to run
100 meters. Anthony, one of the players, ran completely in 9 minutes which is 4 th decile of the recorded time. What does it
mean?
Explanation: Since 4th decile is equal to 𝑃40 then this means that 40% of the players ran less than or equal to 9 minutes. In other
words, 10 × 40% = 4 players ran less than or equal to 9 minutes. Furthermore, 60% of the players or 6 players ran greater than 9
minutes.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Illustrative Example 2
Based on the survey conducted by the Barangay Health Office of Barangay San Jose, the third quartile (𝑄3 ) of the
ages of 200 Grade 10 students of that barangay is 16 years old. What does it mean?
Explanation: This means that 75% of the Grade 10 students in Barangay San Jose is 16 years old or younger than 16 years old.
In other words, 200 × 75% = 150 Grade 10 students of Barangay San Jose are 16 years old or younger than 16 years old. In
addition, 25% or 50 Grade students are older than 16 years old.
Illustrative Example 3
The score of Grace in the Third Quarterly Examination in Mathematics is in the 8th decile (𝐷8 ) and the passing score is
in the 65th percentile (𝑃65 ). Did she pass the test? (Assume that the values of 𝐷8 and 𝑃65 are different.)
Explanation: 𝐷8 = 𝑃80. Since it is assumed that 𝐷8 and 𝑃65 have different values, then it can be said that Grace’s score is
greater than 𝑃65 . Therefore, she passed the examination.
Teacher Liza, the health coordinator of San Jose National High School, recorded the height of 40 students in a Grade
10 class for computing Body Mass Index (BMI). Based on her report, Nadine’s height is in the 60 th percentile (𝑃60 ). (Assume that
the height of each student is different to each other.)
a) How many students are shorter than Nadine?
b) How many students are taller than Nadine?
c) If Kathryn’s height is in the 3rd quartile (𝑄3 ), how can you compare it with Nadine’s height?
d) If Maymay’s height is in the 4th decile (𝐷4 ), how can you compare it with Nadine’s height?
e) If Maymay’s height is in the 4 th decile (𝐷4 ), how can you compare it with Kathryn’s height?
Learning Task 2
Read the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
Mr. Aguilar is applying as a staff worker of a shoe factory in Nagcarlan, Laguna. During the interview, he asked the
manager about the salary he would get once he is hired. The manager told him that it is in the 4.5 th decile.
a) What does the manager’s answer to Mr. Aguilar mean?
b) If Mr. Aguilar’s friend is also a staff worker in that shoe factory and receives a salary which is in the 2 nd quartile, which of
them has a higher salary? Explain. (Assume that Mr. Aguilar is hired in the factory.)
c) If the manager told Mr. Aguilar that starting next month he will receive a salary which is in the 3 rd quartile, should he be
glad with that? Explain.
D. Assimilation (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Learning Task 3
Answer the following questions.
1. The first quartile (𝑄1 ) of the ages of the 120 employees of Tropicana Fruit Factory is 30 years old. What does it imply?
2. Mrs. Santos’ advisory class has 35 students. She made a report on the weight of each student as part of the feeding
program of the school. Roger, one of the students, has a weight which is in the 7 th decile. How many students have weight
greater than him? (Each of them has unique weight.)
3. Rodelyn’s score is the 30th percentile in the Second Summative Test in Mathematics. If the passing score is 𝐷4 , did she pass
the test? Explain. (The values of 𝑃30 and 𝐷4 are not equal.)
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Answer the following questions. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Theodoro took the entrance examination in San Pablo City Science Integrated High School. His score is in the 7 th decile and
the passing score is the 75th percentile. Suppose that 𝐷7 and 𝑃75 are not equal, can Theodoro enroll in that school?
A. Yes, because his score is greater than the passing score.
B. Yes, because his score is equal to the passing score.
C. No, because his score is equal to the passing score.
D. No, because his score is below the passing score.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
2. During the flag raising ceremony, Miss Nicole asked her advisory class with 45 students to form a line according to height
from the shortest to the tallest. One of the students, Tony, has a height that is in the 40 th percentile. Assuming that none of the
students has the same height, how many students are taller than Tony?
A. 18 B. 24 C. 27 D. 30
3. Jason got a score of 90 which is the 88th percentile in First Summative Test in Mathematics. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. He passed the test if the passing score is the 9th decile.
B. Eighty-eight percent of the class got scores less than or equal to 90.
C. Twelve percent of the class got scores less than or equal to 90.
D. He scored above 90% of his classmates.
4. The second quartile (𝑄2 ) of the ages of the 50 Grade 7-Rutherford students of San Jose National High School is 12 years old.
Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Most of the students are aging 12 years old.
B. All of the students are aging 12 years old.
C. There are 12 students aging 12 years old.
D. There are 25 students that the ages are less than or equal to 12 years old.
5. A certain government scholarship is offered to incoming Grade 11 students in Laguna. The policy is that a student who will
pass the qualifying examination will be accepted as scholar. Given that the passing score is in the 60 th percentile, which of
the following scores will make a student accepted as scholar?
A. 𝑄1 B. 𝑄3 C. 𝐷4 D. 𝑃50
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 5 minutes)
• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
- I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task 1 LP Learning Task 2 LP Learning Task 3 LP Assessment LP
a a Number 1 Number 1
b b Number 2 Number 2
c c Number 3 Number 3
d
e
Prepared by: Rolito G. Asombra – San Jose National High Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO
School LAILA R. MALOLES
HENRY P. CONTEMPLACION
MARIA CRISTINA O. ROSAS
Learning Area Grade Level 10
W4
Mathematics
Quarter Fourth Date
I. LESSON TITLE PROBLEMS INVOLVING MEASURES OF POSITION
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING The learner solves problems involving measures of position. (M10SP-IVd-e-1)
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Solving problems involving measures of position
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Introduction (Time Frame: 10 minutes)
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are able to:
a. analyze problems involving measures of position;
b. use the appropriate procedure in solving problems involving measures of position
and
c. appreciates the importance of measures of position in real life situations.
In solving a word problem, it is important to analyze it carefully to easily identify the proper solution.
Considering problems involving measures of position, the following questions should be answered correctly to come up with
the right answer:
1. What is the data being presented in the problem? Is it ungrouped or grouped data?
2. What measure of position is being asked? Is it quartile? decile? percentile?
3. What is the procedure to perform and the formula to use?
B. Development (Time Frame: 80 minutes)
Try to study the illustrative examples below.
Illustrative Example 1
San Pablo City is well-known to its delicacies made of coconut. One of them is the buko pie. According to Mang Carlos, an
online seller of buko pie, his sales has increased due to the demand of online services due to pandemic. The following data is
the number of buko pie boxes being sold for the past ten days: 35, 42, 37, 47, 38, 38, 43, 46, 35, 32. Find 𝑄3 .
Solution:
Answering the guide questions above,
a) The data is ungrouped.
b) The measure of position being asked is 𝑄3 .
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Arrange the values in the distribution in ascending 32, 35, 35, 37, 38, 38, 42, 43, 46, 47
order.
3
2. Find the position of 𝑄3 by using (𝑛 + 1) where n is the 𝑛 = 10
4 3 3 3
number of values. The resulting value must be rounded Position of 𝑄3 = (𝑛 + 1) = (10 + 1) = (11) = 8.25. The
4 4 4
to the nearest integer. However, if the resulting value falls resulting value 8.25 becomes 8 after rounding it off to the
halfway between two integers, round it down. nearest integer. Hence 𝑄3 is the 8th value.
3. Look at the arranged distribution. Based on the given distribution,
Third Quartile or 𝑄3 : the value that falls under the 𝑄3 = 43.
computed position of 𝑄3 .
Therefore, it can be said that 75% of the number of buko pie boxes being sold for the past ten days is less than or equal to 43.
Illustrative Example 2
Coconut oil is one of the benefits of coconut tree to human lives. It contains natural saturated fats that increase good
cholesterol levels in human bodies. In TLE we learned about these saturated and unsaturated fats. One of the factories
manufacturing the product is Tropicana Food Products, Inc. (TFPI) which was founded in 1975 at the heart of “Coconut City”
– San Pablo City, Laguna. TFPI has been the manufacturer of coconut products such as pioneering Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
production in 1985. It has been a major supplier of many VCO brands both locally and internationally. Supposed it has 50
employees with the age data shown below:
Age Frequency
51-55 3
46-50 7
41-45 12
36-40 8
31-35 9
26-30 11
Find 𝑃60 .
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Solution:
Answering the guide questions in solving the word problem.
STEPS ILLUSTRATION
1. Find the position of the 𝑃60 class. Position of the 𝑃60 class =
60𝑁
=
60(50)
= 30.
100 100
2. Then, look for the class interval where 30th value belongs. 30th value belongs to 29th – 40th value.
41-45 is the 𝑃60 class.
3. LB is the lower boundary of the 𝑃60 class. 𝐿𝐵 = 40.5
4. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency below the 𝑃60 class. 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 28
5. 𝑓𝑃65 is the frequency of the 𝑃60 class 𝑓𝑃60 = 12
6. 𝑖 is the size of class interval. Count the values from a class interval. 𝑖=5
7. Substitute the values in the formula and get the final answer. 60𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑃60 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 100 )𝑖
𝑓𝑃60
60(50)
− 28
𝑃60 = 40.5 + ( 100 )5
12
30 − 28
𝑃60 = 40.5 + ( )5
12
2
𝑃60 = 40.5 + ( ) 5
12
𝑃60 ≈ 41.33
Interpretation: 60% of the employees of Tropicana Food Products, Inc. have ages of less than or equal to 41.33.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
C. Engagement (Time Frame: 40 minutes)
Learning Task 1
Solve the following problem.
Mrs. Marasigan is a veterinarian. The Veterinarian is VET, in short, a person who is qualified to treat sick or injured animals such
as cats or dogs. Beterinaryo in Filipino, manggagamot ng hayop na may karamdaman o sakit. The average salary for a
Veterinarian in our country per year is ₱ 286,802. One morning, Vet Marasigan asked her secretary to record the service time
she rendered for 15 customers.
The following are service times in minutes: 20, 35, 55, 28, 46, 32, 25, 56, 55, 28, 37, 60, 47, 52, 17.
Learning Task 2
Grade 10 students are required to take the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE). It helps students to identify
which strands they should take in Senior High School and courses in college. The students in the moving-up class 10-Hera of
San Jose National High School obtained the following scores in the NCAE.
Class Interval F
46-50 4
41-45 5
36-40 7
31-35 11
26-30 13
Find the 3rd quartile, the 62nd percentile, and the 8th decile of the set of data. Interpret each measure of position.
D. Assimilation (Time Frame: 40 minutes)
Learning Task 3A
Consider the situation below and solve the following problem.
Teacher Marites conducted a pretest in Mathematics for the First Quarter to 10 students of her advisory section. The following
is the result of the test: 23 38 28 46 22 20 18 34 36 35.
Learning Task 3B
As part of the mini-research paper in Mathematics of Grade 10-Demeter, they conducted a survey on the number of minutes
the students of Grade 10-Hermes spend in studying their lessons at home. The result of the survey is as follows:
Number of Number of
Minutes Students
101-115 15
86-100 5
71-85 9
56-70 10
41-55 6
26-40 5
Find and interpret the following:
a. first quartile
b. third decile
c. 90th percentile
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
2. Baekhyun conducted a survey on the daily allowances of his classmates as part of his requirement in Mathematics 10. The
survey result is shown below:
Allowance Frequency
71-80 8
61-70 6
51-60 9
41-50 13
31-40 4
From the previous lessons you have already learned and identified the measures of position and the process of
computing.
Now that you have a deeper understanding of these concepts, in this lesson, you are going to apply the concepts you
learned in formulating statistical mini-research. But before we proceed, let us check our previous knowledge about sampling
techniques, measures of central tendency, and variability.
Non- probability involves non-random selection based on convenience or other criteria, allowing you to
A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within
that set of data
Mean -often called the average; it is equal to the sum of all the values in the data set divided by the number of values in the
data set.
Median -the middle score for a set of data that has been arranged in order of magnitude.
Range – the difference between the highest and the lowest values in a given set of data.
Interquartile Range - the middle half of the data that is in between the upper and lower quartiles.
Variance is the average squared difference of the values from the mean.
Standard Deviation is the standard or typical difference between each data point and the mean.
Since you are going to conduct a statistical mini-research, the aforementioned terminologies are important, and applications
also of the computational knowledge you gained are significant.
Let us have a review.
Illustrative Example 1 .
Look at the pictures below, does it illustrate something ?What can you say about it ?
Let us make a Concept Map about the measures of central tendency and use the numbers shown from the cards to
identify the mean, median , mode, range, and interquartile range.
Solution :
The picture above illustrates the tabletop game using cards. This game is called Solitaire (Solitaryo in tagalog ay larong
nagsasanay ng utak ) and can be played by one person. This is popular among people even in the old times, particularly in a
remote area. In San Pablo City, we can observe our grandparents playing these tabletop game cards solely while resting after
a hard time working from the farm. Solitaire is an excellent way to diffuse any tension in one’s mind or body and helps the
person enjoys the day or get to sleep better at night; enough sleep keeps the body healthy. It gives the mind something to
focus on, particularly in times of low action when the opportunity to fret is high.
Let us use the number in each card in reviewing the concepts about the measures of central tendency and variability
. These numbers are : 7, 10, 8, 4, 6, 3, 7
By Concept Mapping you can easily organize your knowledge learned from the previous lessons you had when you were in
grade 8 .
CONCEPT MAP
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Using the number revealed in each card in the tabletop game Solitaire we will compute fore the following :
a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d.Range e. Interquartile Range
Computation :
a. Mean :
b. Median : (To identifify the median, we need to put the data in an array from lowest to greatest.)
3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8 , 10
We can see that the middle is 7, therefore, the median is 7.
c. Mode : The mode is 7 because it is the number that occurs the most frequently.
e. Interquartile Range: The interquartile range includes the 50% of data points that fall between Q1 and
Q3.
Now that you have reviewed the concepts about measures of central tendency and variability; and you have already
learned and identified measures of position and the process of computing and interpreting results. All these concepts are
significant as you learn the lesson on how to conduct a statistical mini-research and be able to answer the guide question:
“How can the position of data be described and used in solving problems?”
Illustrative Example 2.
Supposed you want to know the level of performance of MDL students in Mathematics for the third quarter,
thus, you are prompted to conduct a statistical mini research.
Mini- research Title:
The Performance of Students in Mathematics of Grade 10 MDL Students in San Jose National High School of 3rd
Quarter S.Y. 2020-2021
I. Background of Study:
For some reason, Mathematics is one of the unloved subjects. Many students have low grades and lack
interest in the subjects. Thus, teachers need to know who among the students are experiencing difficulties with
and make an intervention that will help them to overcome these.
I. II. Statement of the Problem:
This mini-research will help the researcher determine the performance of Grade 10 MDL Section L Students
in Mathematics at San Jose National High School for the 3rd quarter of S.Y. 2020-2021.
II. III. Significance of the Study
The research can be able to identify those students who need help and intervention on the subject. This will
reveal if the students in MDL class are struggling with mathematics or not.
III. IV. Methodology
A. Research Design
This is quantitative research. Documentary analysis and purposive sampling was used
in conducting this mini-research.
B. Participants/ Respondents
Grade 10 MDL Students Section L at San Jose NHS.
C. Data Gathering(This is most important part of statistics, data should be collected accurately and convenient
to use.)
The data were taken from the teacher’s class record.
D. Statistical Treatment :
Mean = Average
Percentile : P15
Percentile Rank
A frequency table is a table that list items and shows the number of times the items occur. We represent the frequency by
the English alphabet “f”
= 84. 26%
Percentile : P15
Percentile Rank
Using Percentile Rank , we are going to determine how many students got the grade below 80. Thus, we
are going to get the Percentile Rank of 79 which is between 78-81 class interval ; it is in the 3rd class.
The Math Teachers of MDL Grade, 10 section L, must prepare intervention materials for that 25% of the class
who failed to reach above 75% of the grade.
VI. References
Here , you list down the books, journals, links , etc. that helps you in conducting this mini-research.
To summarize, let us consider the following Five Steps in conducting statistical mini-research :
STEP 1- State the problem, concern, or issues you need to solve (You can formulate
hypothesis.)
STEP 2- Design the Research (You can make the outline to have a meaningful result.)
STEP 3- Gather data (You can gather from records, websites, survey
checklist/questionnaire, interview.)
STEP 4- Use Statistical Treatment ( You can apply formulas you learned in Statistics.)
STEP 5- Formulate conclusions and recommendation (This answers the hypothesis.)
After doing the steps you can now write the final draft of your Mini- research.
Dennis and Christine scored 32 and 23, respectively, in the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE).
The determining factor for a college scholarship is that a student’s score should be in the top 10% of the scores of
his/her graduating class. The students in the graduating class obtained the following scores in the NCAE.
NCAE f LB <cf Xm fXm
1. Complete the table by filling in the values Scores
of LB (lower boundaries) and <cf (less than 39 - 41 6
cumulative frequency). Explain how you 36 - 38 7
arrived at your answers. 33 – 35 9
30 – 32 13
2. Find the 3rd quartile, 72nd percentile, and
27 – 29 22
the 8th decile of the set of data.
24 – 26 10
3. What is the percentile rank of Dennis and 21 – 23 9
Christine? 18 – 20 7
15 – 17 8
4. Based on their percentile and percentile 12 – 14 4
ranks, will Dennis and Christine receive a 9 –11 2
scholarship? Explain your answer. 6–8 1
3–5 1
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Conduct a mini-research on students’ performance in their third quarter summative test in Mathematics.
Apply the knowledge and skills you have learned in this lesson based on the test results and make/formulate
meaningful decisions based on the results to resolve the identified problem, concern, or issue.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI
can be an indicator of high body fatness. BMI can be used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health
problems. The TLE and MAPEH teachers usually have a record of this.
Make a mini-research about the nutritional status of Grade 7 students of your school. Apply the knowledge
and skills you learned in this lesson. Like for instance, you will identify the percentile of severely wasted Grade 7
students and what recommendation you can give based on your findings.
Follow the STEPS 1-5, until you do the final draft of your statistical mini-research.
Journal Writing
Write an entry in your journal describing how much you have learned about quantiles, and how these can
be applied to real life. Add also the parts of the lesson that you still find confusing, if any. Work on these difficulties
with your teacher.
In your previous lessons, you could solve problems involving measures of position such as quartile, decile, and percentile.
Can you still remember those formulae?
Let us recall. Below are the formulas that we can use to solve position that measure both in ungroup or group data.
Ungrouped
Measure of Position (Position) Grouped Data
𝑘𝑁
𝑘(𝑛 + 1) −𝑐𝑓𝑏
Quartile 𝑄𝑘 = QK = LB + ( 4 )𝑖
4 𝑓𝑄𝑘
𝑘(𝑛 + 1) 𝑘𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
Decile 𝐷𝑘 = DK = LB + ( 10
)𝑖
10 𝑓𝐷𝑘
𝑘(𝑛 + 1) 𝑘𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
Percentile 𝑃𝑘 = PK = LB + ( 100
)𝑖
100 𝑓𝑃𝑘
You learned from the previous two weeks about conducting mini-research.
“Research” is a careful and detailed study that uses a scientific method to solve the concern, problem, and issues,
and “Data gathering” is the most important part, and it should be done in a manner that accurate and can be used
conveniently.
Let us recall the 5 STEPS again in conducting statistical mini-research.
Quantiles refer to measures of position that divide a distribution into four, ten, and hundred equal parts.
Quartiles are a powerful method to figure out where the information fall. You can undoubtedly recognize differences,
the focuses that are unreasonably high or low. Deciles are used more often in real life than in the classroom. For example, a
researcher uses deciles to report drought data. Then again, percentiles are standard measures of position. There are the ideal
approaches to communicate measures of position for the enormous arrangements of information. For example, numerous
public appraisals, such as BMI, NAT, and NCAE scores, utilize percentiles to pass on where explicit scores fall and maybe
effectively interpret them.
Illustrative Example 1.
a. Suppose in a 100-item test; the passing mark is the 3rd quartile. What does it imply?
Answer: The students should answer at least 75 items correctly to pass the test.
b. Francine is a secretary in a major organization in San Pablo, Laguna. If she wants to know if her salary belongs to the upper
20% and lower 80% of the data set, what should she use?
Answer: Francine can use percentile in order to determine the upper 20% and lower 80%.
c. What measure of position should be used to get the rank of a particular examinee in the BAR exam?
Answer: Percentile
To understand more about analyzing and interpreting research data using the measures of position and other statistical
methods, let us have the following illustrative examples.
Teacher Ana is an Occupational Therapist-Teacher. She was conducting Case Study research on the academic
standing of her SPED student, Roy, who is mainstreamed into a regular classroom in one of the schools in San Pablo City. As
part of her study, she coordinated with Roy’s teacher, and she got scores of the whole class in a 50-item test in English. She
found out that Roy’s score was 35 points.
She organized the gathered data as shown in the table below:
Scores f LB <cf
44-47 6 43.5 50
40-43 3 39.5 44
36-39 4 35.5 41
32-35 9 31.5 37
28-31 6 27.5 28
24-27 5 23.5 22
20-23 12 19.5 17
16-19 5 15.5 5
To get the standing of Roy in English test she used the Percentile Rank.
Solution:
Illustrative Example 3.
A Mini-Research on a third grading grade of Grade 9 students was made. A survey of 60 students from San Pablo City
Integrated High School about their grades in mathematics was conducted. The researcher would like to find out the status of
Grade 9 by getting the mean and the first quartile. The researcher organized the data and were presented in a table:
Based on the result computed, it is shown that Grade 9 students have a satisfying grade in Math.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
2. Let us compute the first quartile, Q1
𝑘𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
QK = LB + ( 4𝑓 )
𝑄𝑘
60
−4
Q1 = 79.5 + ( 4 )
16
15−4
Q1 = 79.5 + ( )
16
1
Q1 = 79.5 + (16)
Q1 = 79.5 + 0.0625
Q1 = 79.5625 = 80
Data analysis and interpretation:
Therefore, 25% of the students had a grade of less than or equal to 80%. This means that 15 students needed
remediation or intervention in their Math class because they had a grade of 80% or below.
Hence, you know now that data analysis occurs after a statistical treatment has been applied to a collection of data
that has been compiled, arranged, and presented and may use the predictive treatment findings to draw conclusions.
____1. Which measure of position should be used in order to get the rank of a particular student in the NCAE?
A. Fractiles B. Quantiles C. Quartile D. Percentile
____2. What measure of position are you going to use if you are to determine whether an observation from a set of data
falls in the upper 20% or the lower 80% of the ordered data set?
A. 20th percentile B. 80th percentile C. 5th decile D. 2nd quartile
____3. If you are to determine whether an observation from a set of data falls in the upper 50% or the lower 50% of the
ordered set, what is the most appropriate tool to use?
A. 1st Quartile B. 2nd Decile C. 3rd Quartile D. Median
____4. Jasmine will determine the score that divides a set of data into the upper 75% or lower 25%. What measures of
the position must she use?
A. 3rd Quartile B. Median C. 6th Decile D. 70th Percentile
____5. Roentgen conducted a study that analyzes the performance of the Grade 10 students in the
Third Periodical Test in English, the average score is 30, and its percentile rank is 60%. What
does it imply?
A. 30% of the students are above the average score of 60
B. 40% of the students are below the average score of 30
C. 60% of the students are above the average score of 30
D. 60% of the students are below the average score of 30
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Prepared by: MARIA VICTORIA V. TIQUIS Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO
LAILA R. MALOLES
HENRY P. CONTEMPLACION
MARIA CRISTINA 0. ROSAS