Rajdeep

A
Learning Project-II Report

On
“ECOMMERCE WEBSITE”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of
The requirements for the 4th Semester Sessional Examination of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
By
RAJDEEP PUROHIT-22UG010300
SAMEER KU PANDA-22UG010595
SANGRAM PANIGRAHY-22UG010432
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
GIET UNIVERSITY, Gunupur
2023 - 24
GIET UNIVERSITY,GUNUPUR
Dist. - Rayagada, Odisha-765022,Contact:- +91
7735745535, 06857-250170,172,Visit us:-www.giet.edu
Department of Computer Science&Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled

“ECOMMERCE WEBSUTES” is done BY RAJDEEP
PUROHIT-22UG010300, SANGRAM PANIGRAHY-
22UG010559 , SAMEER KU PANDA-22UG010432 -in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the 3rdSemester Sessional
Examination of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science
and Engineering during the academic year 2023-24. This work
is submitted to the department as a part of evaluation of 3 rd
Semester Learning Project-I.
Proctors ClassTeacher
Project Coordinator HoD, CSE,2nd year

2ndYear
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Radhanath Patra of Computer science and engineering
for giving us an opportunity to accomplish the project. Without her active support and guidance,
this project report has not been successfully completed.
We also thank our class teacher Mr. Sucheta Krupalini Moharana for her constant support and
guidance provided during this project period.
We also thank Dr. Bhavani Sankar Panda, Project Coordinator, Dr Sachikanta Dash, Head of the
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay Kumar Kuanar, Dy. Dean,
Computational Science, SOET for their consistent support, guidance and help.
Rajdeep purohit-22UG010300
Sangram panigrahy-22UG010559
Sameer ku panda-22UG010432
3
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that project titled “E-COMMERCES WEBSITES ” is a bonafide

original record done by us at GIET University, Gunupur towards the partial fulfillment of
requirement of Learning Project – 02, 4th Semester, School of Engineering and
Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering during the period of
2023-204 in GIET University, Gunupur, also we state that this project has not been
submitted anywhere in the partial fulfillment for any degree of this or any other
University.
Rajdeep purohit-22UG010300
Sangram panigrahy-22UG010559
Sameer ku panda-22UG010432
4
ABSTRACT
The exponential growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the way

businesses operate and consumers shop. In this digital age, having a robust
online presence is imperative for businesses to thrive. This project aims to
design and develop an innovative e-commerce website that not only
provides a seamless shopping experience for customers but also offers
powerful tools and features for merchants to effectively manage their online
stores.
The proposed e-commerce platform will incorporate cutting-edge

technologies and user-centric design principles to create a dynamic and
engaging shopping environment. Key features will include a responsive and
intuitive user interface, personalized product recommendations, secure
payment processing, and efficient order management systems. Additionally,
advanced search and filtering capabilities will enhance the discoverability of
products, while integrated social media and marketing tools will facilitate
customer engagement and retention.
Furthermore, the website will prioritize scalability and performance,

ensuring smooth operation even during peak traffic periods. Backend
functionalities will include inventory management, analytics, and customer
relationship management tools to empower merchants with valuable insights
and tools for business growth.
Overall, this project endeavors to leverage the latest advancements in e-

commerce technology to deliver a comprehensive and user-friendly platform
that meets the needs of both customers and merchants in the competitive
online marketplace.
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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Problem introduction
1.3 Modules in the project
2. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Hardware requirements
2.3 Software requirements
3. MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Market trends
3.2 Competitors
3.3 Potential Challenges
3.4 Research on the furniture industry
4. DESIGN
4.1 System Design
4.1.1 Introduction to UML
4.1.2 UML Diagrams of our project
5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sample code
6. TESTING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 testing methods
7. SAMPLE SCREENSHOTS
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8. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:
.In an era dominated by digital innovation and rapid technological advancement, the
landscape of commerce has undergone a profound transformation. The rise of e-
commerce has fundamentally altered the way businesses operate and consumers shop,
ushering in an era of unparalleled convenience, accessibility, and opportunity. As the
boundaries of traditional brick-and-mortar stores blur in the wake of online marketplaces,
the need for dynamic, user-centric e-commerce platforms has never been more
pronounced.
This project represents a comprehensive endeavor to conceptualize, design, and develop a

cutting-edge e-commerce website poised to redefine the online shopping experience.
With a keen focus on innovation, usability, and scalability, our aim is to create a platform
that not only meets the diverse needs of modern consumers but also empowers merchants
to thrive in the competitive digital marketplace.
As we embark on this journey, our vision is clear: to leverage the latest advancements in
technology, design, and user experience to craft a dynamic and immersive online
shopping destination. Through meticulous research, strategic planning, and collaborative
iteration, we seek to transcend the conventional boundaries of e-commerce, setting new
standards of excellence and paving the way for unprecedented growth and success.
This introduction sets the stage for an ambitious exploration into the complexities of e-
commerce website development, highlighting the transformative potential of our project
and underscoring its significance in shaping the future of online commerce. With
innovation as our guiding principle and user satisfaction as our ultimate goal, we are
poised to embark on a journey of discovery, creativity, and achievement in the dynamic
world of e-commerce..
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1.2 Problem Introduction:
Trust and Security Concerns:
E-commerce transactions often involve sharing sensitive personal and financial

information, leading to concerns about data security and privacy.Instances of data
breaches, fraudulent activities, and identity theft undermine trust between consumers and
online retailers, hindering adoption and growth.
User Experience Challenges:
Navigating through cluttered interfaces, cumbersome checkout processes, and slow

loading times can frustrate users, leading to high bounce rates and abandoned carts.Lack
of personalized recommendations and intuitive search functionalities limit the ability of
consumers to discover relevant products, resulting in suboptimal shopping experiences.
Accessibility Issues:
Not all e-commerce websites are designed to accommodate users with disabilities,
thereby excluding a significant portion of the population from accessing goods and
services online. Inadequate support for different devices and internet connections further
exacerbates accessibility challenges, alienating potential customers and limiting market
reach.
Supply Chain Disruptions:
Global events, such as pandemics, natural disasters, and geopolitical tensions, can disrupt
supply chains, leading to inventory shortages, shipping delays, and price
fluctuations.These disruptions undermine the reliability and predictability of e-commerce
operations, impacting customer satisfaction and brand reputation.
Marketplace Fragmentation:
The proliferation of multiple e-commerce platforms and marketplaces often results in

fragmentation, making it challenging for both consumers and merchants to navigate and
compare offerings effectively. Fragmentation also leads to inconsistencies in pricing,
product information, and customer service standards, complicating decision-making
processes for users.
Objective:-
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Describe the main goal of the eCommerce website (e.g., selling products, customer
engagement, scaling business operations)
1. Enhance User Experience:

2. Ensure Trust and Security:
3. Optimize Accessibility:
4. Strengthen Supply Chain Resilience:
5. Foster Marketplace Integration:
6. Drive Conversion and Retention:
7. Facilitate Merchant Empowerment:
Scope of the Project:-
Scope of project document for an eCommerce website is essential for ensuring

that all stakeholders have clear expectations and understand the parameters of
the project. This document outlines the features, timeline, budget, and resources
required to successfully deliver the eCommerce website. Here’s a detailed scope
of project outline for an eCommerce website:
1. Project Overview
 Objective: Describe the main goal of the eCommerce website (e.g., selling
products, customer engagement, scaling business operations).
 Background: Provide context or background information why the project is
being initiated.
 Scope Statement: Briefly define what the project will deliver and outline the
boundaries of the project.
2. Project Features and Functionalities

 Product Catalogue: Structure for listing products including categories, sub-
categories, and detailed product pages.
 Shopping Cart and Checkout Process: Mechanisms for adding items to a cart
and securely processing payments.
 User Account System: Registration, user profiles, order history, and account
management.
 Search Functionality: Advanced search options by various filters like price,
category, brand, etc.
 Payment Systems Integration: Integration of multiple payment gateways (e.g.,
credit cards, PayPal, bank transfers).
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 Security Features: Implementations to ensure data protection, secure
transactions, and compliance with relevant standards (e.g., PCI DSS for payment
security).
 Responsive Design: Ensure the website is mobile-friendly and adaptable to
various screen sizes and devices.
 Customer Support Features: Live chat, email support, and customer service
tools.
 Backend Management: Admin panel for managing products, orders, customers,
and other backend functionalities.
 SEO and Marketing Tools: Features that support SEO practices and marketing
campaigns (e.g., coupon codes, analytics integration).
3. Technology Stack
 Frontend: Technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks such as
React.js or Angular.
 Backend: Server, database, and application logic technologies such as Node.js,
Python Django, or PHP Laravel.
 Database: MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB.
 Hosting/Cloud Services: AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud for hosting and storage
needs.
 Third-Party Integrations: Payment gateways, email marketing services, CRM,
etc.
4. Project Deliverables
 Design Mockups: Visual designs of the website's layout and user interface.
 Technical Specifications: Detailed documentation of the architecture and
technologies used.
 Development Milestones: Phased breakdown of development stages.
 Testing Reports: Documentation of testing phases, issues found, and their
resolutions.
 User Manuals/Documentation: Guides for users and administrators on how to
use the website.
5. Timeline
 Project Kick-off: Start date of the project.
 Milestones: Key milestones with expected completion dates.
 Final Delivery: Expected launch date of the website.
6. Budget
 Estimate Costs: Breakdown of costs associated with each phase or deliverable of
the project.
 Payment Terms: Schedule for payments based on milestones or specific dates.
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7. Roles and Responsibilities
 Project Manager: Oversees the project, ensuring it stays on track with scope,
budget, and timeline.
 Developers: Responsible for the coding of the website.
 Designers: Handle the visual elements of the website.
 Quality Assurance: Ensure the site works as expected and is bug-free.
 Marketing Team: Plan and execute marketing strategies.
8. Assumptions and Constraints

 Assumptions: Conditions expected to be in place (e.g., availability of all
necessary APIs).
 Constraints: Limitations or restrictions (e.g., budget constraints, technological
limitations).
9. Risks and Mitigation

 Identify Risks: List potential risks to the project (e.g., timeline delays, budget
overruns).
 Mitigation Strategies: Approaches to minimize or manage these risks.
10. Approval
 Sign-off: Names and signatures of key stakeholders approving the project scope.
By carefully defining the scope, features, and expectations of the eCommerce

website project, you can ensure a more streamlined and efficient project flow,
helping to avoid common pitfalls such as scope creep or budget overruns.
1.3 MODULES:
The entire project mainly consists of 1 modules, which are
 Admin module
1.3.1 Admin module:
User Authentication and Account Management:
User registration
User login/logout
Forgot password/reset password functionality
User profile management
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Product Management:
Product catalog management
Product categories and subcategories
Product attributes and variations (e.g., size, color)
Product search and filtering
Shopping Cart and Checkout:
Adding/removing items to/from cart
Viewing/editing cart contents
Proceeding to checkout
Multiple payment options (credit/debit card, PayPal, etc.)
Order summary and confirmation
Order Management:
Order processing
Generating invoices
Order tracking and status updates
Managing returns and refunds
Search and Navigation:
Advanced search functionality (keyword, category, filters)
Autocomplete suggestions
Faceted search (filtering by attributes)
Sorting options (price, popularity, etc.)
User Reviews and Ratings:
Allowing users to leave reviews and ratings for products
Displaying average ratings and reviews on product pages
Moderation tools for managing reviews (approve, delete, flag)
Product Recommendations:
Personalized product recommendations based on user behavior and preferences
Related products/up-sells/cross-sells on product pages and checkout
Security and Compliance:
Implementing security measures (SSL encryption, firewall, secure authentication)
Compliance with data protection regulations (GDPR, CCPA)
Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments
Customer Support:
Live chat support
Help desk/ticketing system
Knowledge base/FAQs
Marketing and Promotions:
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Discount codes/coupons
Newsletter subscriptions
Promotional banners and pop-ups
CHAPTER 2
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Requirement Specification document for an eCommerce website involves summarizing
key information that gives readers (typically project stakeholders and the development
team) a clear overview of the project's goals, scope, and relevance. This section sets the
stage for more detailed descriptions in the subsequent parts of the document.
2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Hardware requirements for an eCommerce website can vary significantly depending on
the scale of the operation, expected traffic, and the complexity of the site’s
functionalities. Below are general guidelines covering the hardware needed for small,
medium, and large-scale eCommerce setups. These requirements aim to ensure that the
website operates efficiently and can handle expected user traffic and data processing
needs.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

PROCESSOR : Intel dual Core ,i5
RAM : 8 GB
HARD DISK : 1 TB
2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIRENTS:

For an eCommerce website to function effectively and meet the expectations of its users,
it must be built on a solid foundation of software requirements. These requirements
encompass not just the specific applications and tools needed but also cover
architectural, performance, and security considerations.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 11/ XP/8
BACK END : Python
DATABASE : Django
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CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS
3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:
The existing system in an e-commerce website comprises a comprehensive platform
designed to facilitate online retail operations and transactions between businesses and
consumers. At its core, the website features a user-friendly interface, offering intuitive
navigation and visually appealing layouts across various pages, including home, product
listings, and checkout. Users can create accounts, log in securely, and manage their
profiles, including personal information and order histories. The product catalog is
meticulously managed, allowing administrators to add, update, and categorize products
with detailed descriptions, images, and pricing. A robust shopping cart system enables
users to add items, review their selections, and proceed seamlessly through the checkout
process, which includes selecting shipping methods and completing secure transactions
through integrated payment gateways.
3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The proposed system for the e-commerce website aims to build upon the existing
foundation by introducing enhancements and new features to further streamline the
shopping experience for users and empower administrators. One key aspect of the
proposed system is the refinement of the user interface, focusing on improved aesthetics
and enhanced usability to make navigation more intuitive and engaging. Additionally, the
proposed system will prioritize mobile responsiveness, ensuring seamless access and
functionality across various devices. To enrich the product discovery process, advanced
search and filtering capabilities will be implemented, enabling users to easily find
relevant items based on their preferences and requirements. Personalization features, such
as tailored product recommendations and customized offers, will also be integrated to
enhance user engagement and satisfaction
3.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Conducting a feasibility study for an e-commerce website involves assessing various
factors to determine the viability and potential success of the project. One crucial aspect
of the feasibility study is market analysis, which involves evaluating the demand for the
products or services offered by the website within the target market. This includes
analyzing market trends, competition, and consumer preferences to identify opportunities
and potential challenges. Additionally, the study examines the technical feasibility of the
project, considering factors such as website development costs, infrastructure
requirements, and scalability. Assessing the financial feasibility involves estimating the
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initial investment required to develop and launch the website, as well as projecting
revenue streams and profitability over time. Legal and regulatory considerations, such as
compliance with data protection laws and e-commerce regulations, are also evaluated to
ensure the website operates within legal boundaries.
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
Economic feasibility in ecommerce is crucial for assessing the financial
viability of an online business venture. It involves evaluating the costs associated
with setting up and running the ecommerce platform against the potential
revenue and profitability.Startup costs, including website development, hosting,
and initial inventory procurement, need to be carefully considered. Operational
costs such as marketing, customer support, and technology infrastructure must
also be factored in. Additionally, logistics and shipping costs play a significant
role in determining the overall economic feasibility.
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility in ecommerce refers to the assessment of whether the
proposed ecommerce solution can be implemented using the available
technology and resources. It involves evaluating the technical requirements,
infrastructure, and capabilities needed to develop and maintain the ecommerce
platform. One of the key aspects of technical feasibility is the selection of the
right ecommerce platform and technology stack. The platform should be able to
support the desired features and functionalities of the ecommerce website, such
as product catalog management, shopping cart, payment gateway integration,
and order management.
3.4 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
HTML:
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language used to
create web pages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>.
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also
called opening tags and closing tags). Though not always necessary, it is best practice to
append a slash to tags which are not paired with a closing tag.
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the
tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website
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semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than
a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means
to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages
such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document
written in a markup language. While most often used to style web
pages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any
kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone
specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their
presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation
can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting,
and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-
based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used
to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on
which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to
a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to
override the one the author has specified. However if the author or the reader did not link
the document to a specific style sheet the default style of the browser will be applied.
MySQL:
MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a

database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and
large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports standard SQL.
MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms.
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The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related
data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information
categorically.
FEATURES OF MySQL:
Internals and portability:
 Written in C and C++.

 Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
 Works on many different platforms.
 Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as with Val grind,
a GPL tool.
 Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.
Security:
 A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables
host-based verification.
 Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.
Scalability and Limits:

 Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50
million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables
and about 5,000,000,000 rows.
 Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each index may
consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767
bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL 4.1.2, the limit is 500
bytes. An index may use a prefix of a column for CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB,
or TEXT column types.
CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:
 Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

 On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista), clients
can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --enable-named-
pipe option. In MySQL 4.1 and higher, Windows servers also support shared-
memory connections if started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can
connect through shared memory by using the --protocol=memory option.
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 On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.
LOCALIZATION:
 The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
 All data is saved in the chosen character set.
CLIENTS AND TOOLS:
 MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both
command-line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin, and
graphical programs such as MySQL Workbench.
 MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize,
and repair tables. These statements are available from the command line
through the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also includes myisamchk, a very
fast command-line utility for performing these operations
on MyISAM tables.
 MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain
online assistance.
WHY TO USE MySQL:
• Leading open source RDBMS
• Ease of use – No frills
• Fast
• Robust
• Security
• Multiple OS support
• Free
• Technical support
• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 Million TB
PYTHON:
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Python is a versatile programming language that can be incredibly useful in the
context of ecommerce. With its simplicity and readability, Python allows
developers to quickly build and deploy ecommerce solutions, making it an ideal
choice for businesses looking to create efficient and scalable online stores..
WHY TO USE PYTHON:
1. Ease of Learning and Use
2. Rich Ecosystem of Libraries and Frameworks
3. Scalability
4. Integration Capabilities
5. Security
PYHON PROPERTIES:
1. Thread Priority: In multithreading, you can set the priority of a

thread to determine its importance relative to other threads. However,
Python's standard library does not directly support setting thread
priorities, as the underlying operating system's scheduler typically
determines thread priorities.
2. Queue Priority: Python's queue module includes PriorityQueue,
which allows you to enqueue items with an associated priority. Items
are dequeued based on their priority, with lower values indicating
higher priority.
3. Task Priority: When managing tasks in a scheduler or event loop,
you might assign priorities to tasks to control their execution order.
Libraries like asyncio provide ways to handle task priorities.
4. Operator Priority: In Python, operator precedence determines the
order in which operations are evaluated in expressions. Understanding
operator precedence is important for writing correct and efficient
code.
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CHAPTER 4
DESIGN
4.1 SYSTEM DESIGN:
4.1.1INTRODUCTION TO UML:
UML Design
A UML design for a Library Management System includes a class diagram with
classes such as Book, Member, and Library, illustrating their relationships and attributes.
Associations depict how Members borrow Books, and aggregations show how Books are
part of the Library. Use case diagrams outline interactions, covering scenarios like
borrowing and returning books. A sequence diagram showcases the flow of actions
during a book checkout. Additionally, state diagrams model the lifecycle of a Book or
Member, transitioning between states like available, borrowed, or suspended. The design
ensures a comprehensive representation of the system's structure, behavior, and user
interactions
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The UML is a language for:
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 Navigation
 Presentation
 Responsive
Visualizing
20
Through UML we see or visualize an existing system and ultimately we visualize
how the system is going to be after implementation. Unless we think, we cannot
implement. UML helps to visualize, how the components of the system communicate and
interact with each other.
Navigation
The Library Management System's UML design includes key navigation
components. The system comprises classes like Book, Member, and Transaction,
interconnected through associations. Navigation involves creating instances, such as
adding a Book to the catalog or registering a Member. The system allows searching for
books and checking availability, with associations enabling transactions like borrowing
and returning. Utilizing use case diagrams, it illustrates interactions between actors (e.g.,
Librarian, Member). Class diagrams showcase relationships, and sequence diagrams
depict the flow during operations like book checkout. Overall, the UML design ensures
efficient navigation and interaction within the Library Management System, enhancing
functionality and user experience.
Presentation
The Library Management System is a comprehensive software solution designed
to streamline library operations. It facilitates efficient cataloging, tracking, and retrieval
of books, ensuring seamless resource management. Users can easily search for and
borrow books, while administrators manage inventory, memberships, and overdue fines
effortlessly. The system's user-friendly interface enhances accessibility, promoting a
smooth library experience for both staff and patrons. Additionally, it incorporates
features like real-time data updates, automated notifications, and analytics tools to
optimize library performance. Overall, the Library Management System modernizes
library administration, promoting organizational efficiency and an enhanced user
experience.
Responsive
A responsive library management system adapts seamlessly to various devices
and screen sizes, ensuring an optimal user experience. Whether accessed on desktops,
tablets, or smartphones, the system's interface dynamically adjusts, maintaining
functionality and readability. This responsiveness enhances accessibility and usability,
allowing librarians and patrons to efficiently manage and access library resources from
any device. This adaptability not only improves user satisfaction but also promotes
effective information retrieval and management, contributing to the overall efficiency and
effectiveness of the library's operations.
4.2 UML Approach

UML Diagram
A diagram is the graphical presentation of a set of elements, most often

rendered as a connected graph of vertices and arcs . you draw diagram to
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visualize a system from different perspective, so a diagram is a projection
into a system. For all but most trivial systems, a diagram represents an elided
view of the elements that make up a system. The same element may appear in
all diagrams, only a few diagrams , or in no diagrams at all. In theory, a
diagram may contain any combination of things and relationships. In practice,
however, a small number of common combinations arise, which are
consistent with the five most useful views that comprise the architecture of a
software-intensive system. For this reason, the UML includes nine such
diagrams:
1. Class diagram
2. Object diagram
3. Use case diagram
4. Sequence diagram
5. Collaboration diagram
6. State chart diagram
7. Activity diagram
8. Component diagram
9. Deployment diagram
USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A usecase diagram in the Unified Modeling Language(UML) is atype of behavioral
diagram defined by and created from a use-case analysis.its purpose is to present a
graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their
goals(represented as use cases),and any dependencies between those use cases.
Use case diagrams are formally included in two modeling languages defined
by the OMG:theunfied modeling language(UML) and the systems modeling
language(sysML)
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23
CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
5. IMPLEMENTATION:
5.1 Inroduction:
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out
into a working system. Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving
a successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work
and be effective.
The implementation stage involves careful planning, investigation of the existing

system and it’s constraints on implementation, designing of methods to achieve
changeover and evaluation of changeover methods.
5.2 Sample code:
24
<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load static %}
{% load cart_template_tag %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"

name="viewport">
<title>HASTE </title>
<meta content="" name="description">
<meta content="" name="keywords">
<link href="{% static 'img/favicon.png' %}" rel="icon">
<link href="{% static 'img/apple-touch-icon' %}" rel="apple-touch-icon">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?
family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i|
Raleway:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i|
Poppins:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i" rel="stylesheet">
25

<link href="{% static 'vendor/aos/aos.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/bootstrap-icons/bootstrap-icons.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/boxicons/css/boxicons.min.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/glightbox/css/glightbox.min.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/remixicon/remixicon.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{% static 'vendor/swiper/swiper-bundle.min.css' %}"

rel="stylesheet">

<link href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">

</head>
<body>
{% csrf_token %}

<header id="header" class="fixed-top d-flex align-items-center">
<div class="container">
<div class="header-container d-flex align-items-center justify-content-

between">
<div class="logo">
<h1 class="text-light"><a
href="index.html"><span>HASTE</span></a></h1>


</div>
<nav id="navbar" class="navbar">
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link scrollto active" href="#hero">Home</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link scrollto active" href="#">cart
<div style="color:red;">
27
{{request.user | cart_item_count }}
</div>
</button>
</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link scrollto active" href="{% url

'add_product'%}">Add Product</a></li>
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<li><a class="nav-link scrollto active" href="#hero">Welcome

{{user.username}}</a></li>
<li><a class="getstarted scrollto" href="{% url 'user_logout'

%}">Logout</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a class="getstarted scrollto" href="{% url 'user_login'

%}">Login</a></li>
<li><a class="getstarted scrollto" href="{% url 'user_register'

%}">Registration</a></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
<i class="bi bi-list mobile-nav-toggle"></i>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
28
</header>

<section id="hero" class="d-flex align-items-center">
<div class="container text-center position-relative" data-aos="fade-in"

data-aos-delay="200">
<h1>Your New Online Presence with HASTE</h1>
<a href="#about" class="btn-get-started scrollto">Get Started</a>
</div>
</section>
<main id="main">

<section id="clients" class="clients">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-6 d-flex align-items-center" data-

aos="zoom-in" data-aos-delay="100">
<img src="{% static 'img/clients/client-1.png' %}" class="img-fluid"

alt="">
</div>
29

alt="">
</div>


alt="">
</div>


alt="">
</div>


alt="">
</div>
30

alt="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
<h3 style="color:rgb(23, 147, 32) ; text-align:center;">

{{message}}</h3>
{% endfor %}
{% endif%}

<section id="about" class="about">
<div class="row content">
<div class="col-lg-6" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="100">
31
<h2>Eum ipsam laborum deleniti velitena</h2>
<h3>Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates

sit assum perenda sruen jonee trave</h3>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 pt-4 pt-lg-0" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-

delay="200">
<p>
Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis

aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate
velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint

occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in
culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
</p>
<div class="row counters">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-6 text-center">
<span data-purecounter-start="0" data-purecounter-end="232"

data-purecounter-duration="1" class="purecounter"></span>
<p>Clients</p>
</div>

32
<p>Projects</p>
</div>

<p>Hours Of Support</p>
</div>

<p>Hard Workers</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<section id="why-us" class="why-us">
33
<div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-3 g-4">
{% for product in products%}
<div class="col">
<div class="card">
<img src="{{product.img.url}}"
class="card-img-top"
alt="..."
/>
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class = "card-title">{{product.name}}</h4>
<ul class ="list-group list-group-flush ">
<li class="list-group-item">
<b> CATEGORY</b> : {{product.category }}
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<b> PRICE</b> : {{product.price}}
</li>
</ul>
<div class="card-footer" style="background-color:white;"><a

href="{% url 'product_desc' product.pk %}" class="btn btn-dark">view
more</a></div>
34
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div class="col-lg-8 d-flex align-items-stretch">
<div class="icon-boxes d-flex flex-column justify-content-center">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xl-4 d-flex align-items-stretch" data-aos="zoom-

in" data-aos-delay="100">
<div class="icon-box mt-4 mt-xl-0">
</section>

<section id="services" class="services section-bg">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class="section-title" data-aos="fade-right">
<h2>Services</h2>
35
<p>Magnam dolores commodi suscipit nemo qui impedit suscipit
alias ea. Quia fugiat sit in iste officiis commodi quidem hic quas.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 d-flex align-items-stretch">
<div class="icon-box" data-aos="zoom-in" data-aos-

delay="100">
<div class="icon"><i class="bx bxl-dribbble"></i></div>
<h4><a href="">Lorem Ipsum</a></h4>
<p>Voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas

molestias excepturi</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 d-flex align-items-stretch mt-4 mt-lg-0">

delay="200">
<div class="icon"><i class="bx bx-file"></i></div>
<h4><a href="">Sed ut perspiciatis</a></h4>
<p>Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse

cillum dolore</p>
</div>
36
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 d-flex align-items-stretch mt-4">

delay="300">
<div class="icon"><i class="bx bx-tachometer"></i></div>
<h4><a href="">Magni Dolores</a></h4>
<p>Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in

culpa qui officia</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 d-flex align-items-stretch mt-4">

delay="400">
<div class="icon"><i class="bx bx-world"></i></div>
<h4><a href="">Nemo Enim</a></h4>
<p>At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus

qui blanditiis</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
37
</div>
</div>
</section>

<section id="portfolio" class="portfolio">
<div class="section-title" data-aos="fade-left">
<h2>Portfolio</h2>
<p>Magnam dolores commodi suscipit. Necessitatibus eius

consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem. Sit sint consectetur velit. Quisq
cupiditate. Et nemo qui impedit suscipit alias ea. Quia fugiat sit in iste
officiis commodi quidem hic quas.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="100">
<iframe style="border:0; width: 100%; height: 270px;"

src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m14!1m8!1m3!
1d12097.433213460943!2d-74.0062269!3d40.7101282!3m2!1i1024!2i768!
4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x0%3A0xb89d1fe6bc499443!
2sDowntown+Conference+Center!5e0!3m2!1smk!2sbg!
4v1539943755621" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
38
<div class="info mt-4">
<i class="bi bi-geo-alt"></i>
<h4>Location:</h4>
<p>A108 Adam Street, New York, NY 535022</p>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 mt-4">
<div class="info">
<i class="bi bi-envelope"></i>
<h4>Email:</h4>
<p>[email protected]</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="info w-100 mt-4">
<i class="bi bi-phone"></i>
<h4>Call:</h4>
<p>+1 5589 55488 55s</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
39
<form action="forms/contact.php" method="post" role="form"
class="php-email-form mt-4">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 form-group">
<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"

id="name" placeholder="Your Name" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 form-group mt-3 mt-md-0">
<input type="email" class="form-control" name="email"

id="email" placeholder="Your Email" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group mt-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="subject"

id="subject" placeholder="Subject" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group mt-3">
<textarea class="form-control" name="message" rows="5"

placeholder="Message" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="my-3">
<div class="loading">Loading</div>
<div class="error-message"></div>
<div class="sent-message">Your message has been sent. Thank

you!</div>
40
</div>
<div class="text-center"><button type="submit">Send

Message</button></div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</main>

<footer id="footer">
<div class="footer-top">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-contact">
<h3>Bethany</h3>
<p>
A108 Adam Street <br>
41
New York, NY 535022<br>
United States <br><br>
<strong>Phone:</strong> +1 5589 55488 55<br>
<strong>Email:</strong> [email protected]<br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-2 col-md-6 footer-links">
<h4>Useful Links</h4>
<ul>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a

href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">About

us</a></li>

href="#">Services</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Terms of

service</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Privacy

policy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-links">
42
<h4>Our Services</h4>
<ul>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Web

Design</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Web

Development</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Product

Management</a></li>

href="#">Marketing</a></li>
<li><i class="bx bx-chevron-right"></i> <a href="#">Graphic

Design</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 footer-newsletter">
<h4>Join Our Newsletter</h4>
<p>Tamen quem nulla quae legam multos aute sint culpa legam
noster magna</p>
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="email" name="email"><input type="submit"

value="Subscribe">
</form>
</div>
43
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container d-md-flex py-4">
<div class="me-md-auto text-center text-md-start">

<div class="credits">



</div>
</div>
<div class="social-links text-center text-md-right pt-3 pt-md-0">
<a href="#" class="twitter"><i class="bx bxl-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" class="facebook"><i class="bx bxl-facebook"></i></a>
44
<a href="#" class="instagram"><i class="bx bxl-instagram"></i></a>
<a href="#" class="google-plus"><i class="bx bxl-skype"></i></a>
<a href="#" class="linkedin"><i class="bx bxl-linkedin"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<a href="#" class="back-to-top d-flex align-items-center justify-content-

center"><i class="bi bi-arrow-up-short"></i></a>

<script src="{% static 'vendor/purecounter/purecounter_vanilla.js'

%}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/aos/aos.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js'

%}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/glightbox/js/glightbox.min.js'

%}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/isotope-layout/isotope.pkgd.min.js'

%}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/swiper/swiper-bundle.min.js'

%}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'vendor/php-email-form/validate.js' %}"></script>

45
<script src="{% static 'js/main.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
CHAPTER 6
TESTING
46
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM TESTING:
System testing in the context of ecommerce involves testing the entire

ecommerce system, including the website, databases, servers, and
integrations with external systems, to ensure that it functions correctly and
meets the requirements of users and stakeholders.
In ecommerce, system testing is critical to ensure that the website is secure,

reliable, and performs well under various conditions. It involves testing
different aspects of the ecommerce system, such as:
1. Functionality: Testing the functionality of the website, including

browsing products, adding items to the cart, and checking out, to
ensure that all features work as expected.
2. Performance: Testing the performance of the website under normal
and peak traffic conditions to ensure that it loads quickly and responds
to user actions in a timely manner.
3. Security: Testing the security of the website to ensure that user data,
such as personal and payment information, is protected from
unauthorized access and cyber attacks.
4. Compatibility: Testing the website on different devices, browsers,
and operating systems to ensure that it is compatible and displays
correctly for all users.
5. Integration: Testing the integration of the website with external
systems, such as payment gateways, inventory management systems,
and shipping providers, to ensure that data is exchanged correctly and
transactions are processed smoothly.
6. Usability: Testing the usability of the website to ensure that it is easy
to navigate, intuitive to use, and meets the needs of users.
47
TYPES OF TESTING:
Unit Testing:
- In ecommerce, unit testing is a crucial aspect of ensuring the quality and

reliability of the software. Unit testing involves testing individual
components or units of code in isolation to verify that they work as
expected. In the context of ecommerce, this means testing functions,
methods, and classes that handle specific tasks such as processing payments,
managing inventory, or displaying product information. By isolating and
testing these units of code, developers can identify and fix bugs early in the
development process, leading to a more stable and robust ecommerce
system. Unit testing also helps ensure that future changes or updates to the
codebase do not introduce new bugs or issues, making it easier to maintain
and update the ecommerce platform over time
Integration Testing:
- Integration testing in ecommerce involves testing the interactions between different

components of the ecommerce system to ensure they work together seamlessly. This
includes testing the integration of the ecommerce website with external systems such as
payment gateways, inventory management systems, and shipping providers. Integration
testing in ecommerce is crucial to ensure that data is exchanged correctly, transactions are
processed accurately, and the overall user experience is smooth and error-free. By
identifying and fixing integration issues early in the development process, ecommerce
businesses can ensure that their systems are reliable and provide a seamless shopping
experience for customers.
Performance Testing:
- Performance testing in ecommerce involves evaluating the speed,

responsiveness, and stability of an online store under various conditions. It
helps ensure that the website can handle a high volume of users and
transactions without slowdowns or crashes. Performance testing typically
includes load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing to identify and
address any bottlenecks or performance issues. By conducting performance
testing, ecommerce businesses can optimize their websites for better user
experience, reduce bounce rates, and improve overall customer satisfaction .
Security Testing:
48
-Security testing in ecommerce involves evaluating the website's security
measures to identify vulnerabilities and protect customer data. This includes
conducting tests such as penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and
security audits to ensure that the website is secure from potential threats
such as hacking, data breaches, and fraud. By regularly conducting security
testing, ecommerce businesses can identify and mitigate security risks,
protect customer information, and build trust with their customers.
Regression Testing:
- Regression testing in ecommerce involves retesting the entire ecommerce

system, including the website, databases, and integrations, to ensure that
new changes or updates do not negatively impact existing functionality. This
type of testing is crucial in ecommerce to maintain the integrity and stability
of the system, especially when new features or enhancements are introduced.
By conducting regression testing regularly, ecommerce businesses can
ensure that their website continues to function correctly and delivers a
seamless shopping experience to customers.
Continuous Monitoring and Feedback:
-Continuous monitoring and feedback are crucial aspects of ecommerce that

help businesses ensure the smooth functioning of their online stores and
meet the evolving needs of customers. By continuously monitoring website
performance, traffic, and user behavior, ecommerce businesses can identify
and address issues promptly, such as slow loading times or broken links, to
provide a seamless shopping experience. Additionally, collecting feedback
from customers through surveys, reviews, and social media helps businesses
understand customer preferences and satisfaction levels, enabling them to
make informed decisions about product offerings, marketing strategies, and
website improvements. This iterative process of monitoring and feedback
allows ecommerce businesses to adapt quickly to changes in the market and
maintain a competitive edge.
Functional test:
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are
available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation,
and user manuals.
49
Functional testing is centered on the following items:
Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.
Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key

functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify
Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must
be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are
identified and the effective value of current tests is determined.
System Test:
System testing in ecommerce involves testing the entire ecommerce
system, including the website, databases, servers, and integrations, to ensure
it functions correctly. This includes testing functionality, performance under
various conditions, security, compatibility with different devices and
browsers, integration with external systems, and usability. The goal is to
identify and fix issues before the website is launched, ensuring a positive
user experience and reducing the risk of errors and downtime.
Acceptance Testing:
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant
participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional
requirements.
50
CHAPTER 7
SAMPLE SCREENSHOTS
51
HOME PAGE:
LOGIN PAGE:
52
REGISTRATION PAGE:
53
LIST OF PRODUCTS:
PRODUCTS:
54
ADD PRODUCT:
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:
55
8.CONCLUSION:
the development of an e-commerce website presents a dynamic opportunity to

engage with a vast online audience and drive business growth in the digital age. Through
meticulous planning, innovative design, robust development, and seamless integration
of user-friendly features, an e-commerce platform can serve as a powerful tool to
enhance customer experience, streamline transactions, and ultimately, propel the
success of the business. By prioritizing user needs, implementing cutting-edge
technologies, and maintaining a focus on adaptability and scalability, an e-commerce
website project has the potential to not only meet but exceed the evolving demands of
today's online marketplace. As businesses continue to embrace digital transformation,
investing in a well-executed e-commerce website project is essential for staying
competitive, fostering customer loyalty, and achieving long-term success in the ever-
evolving landscape of online commerce.
9. BIBLOGRAPHY
1. PHP MySQL Website Programming: Problem - Design – Solution byChris

Lea, Mike Buzzard, Dilip Thomas , Jessey White-Cinis
2. Beginning PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development (Programmer to
Programmer) by Elizabeth Naramore
3. MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd Edition by Brad Bulger
4. How to Do Everything with PHP and MySQL by Vikram Vaswani
56

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A

Learning Project-II Report

GIET UNIVERSITY, Gunupur

Department of Computer Science&Engineering

This is to certify that the project work entitled

Project Coordinator HoD, CSE,2nd year

We hereby declare that project titled “E-COMMERCES WEBSITES ” is a bonafide

The exponential growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the way

The proposed e-commerce platform will incorporate cutting-edge

Furthermore, the website will prioritize scalability and performance,

Overall, this project endeavors to leverage the latest advancements in e-

1.2 Problem introduction

1.3 Modules in the project

2.2 Hardware requirements

2.3 Software requirements

3.1 Market trends

3.3 Potential Challenges

3.4 Research on the furniture industry

4.1 System Design

4.1.1 Introduction to UML

4.1.2 UML Diagrams of our project

5.2 Sample code

6.2 testing methods

This project represents a comprehensive endeavor to conceptualize, design, and develop a

E-commerce transactions often involve sharing sensitive personal and financial

User Experience Challenges:

Navigating through cluttered interfaces, cumbersome checkout processes, and slow

Supply Chain Disruptions:

The proliferation of multiple e-commerce platforms and marketplaces often results in

1. Enhance User Experience:

Scope of the Project:-

Scope of project document for an eCommerce website is essential for ensuring

2. Project Features and Functionalities

8. Assumptions and Constraints

9. Risks and Mitigation

By carefully defining the scope, features, and expectations of the eCommerce

The entire project mainly consists of 1 modules, which are

1.3.1 Admin module:

User Authentication and Account Management:

Forgot password/reset password functionality

User profile management

2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIRENTS:

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

BACK END : Python

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

3.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

3.4 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a

Internals and portability:

 Written in C and C++.

Scalability and Limits:

 Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

WHY TO USE MySQL:

• Leading open source RDBMS

• Ease of use – No frills

<li><a class="nav-link scrollto active" href="#">cart