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Numbering Systems Review

The document discusses different numeral systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides characteristics and examples of converting between these number systems using techniques like repeated division and multiplying by the place value. Conversion tables are also included.

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Mstafa Mhamad
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21 views35 pages

Numbering Systems Review

The document discusses different numeral systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides characteristics and examples of converting between these number systems using techniques like repeated division and multiplying by the place value. Conversion tables are also included.

Uploaded by

Mstafa Mhamad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Salahaddin

College of Engineering
SW Eng. Department

Information Technology
Lec [2]

Class: 1st year


Assistant Lecturer: Esil Semir khurshed

2018/ 2019
Numbering System
1. Decimal Number System
The number system that we use in our day-to-
day life is the decimal number system.
Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses
10 digits from 0 to 9.
In decimal number system, the successive
positions to the left of the decimal point
represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands and
so on.
Numbering System
2. Binary Number System
• Characteristics of binary number system are as
follows:

• Uses two digits, 0 and 1.


• Also called base 2 number system
• Each position in a binary number represents a 0
power of the base (2). Example 20
• Last position in a binary number represents a x
power of the base (2). Example 2x where x represents
the last position - 1.
3. Octal Number System
• Characteristics of octal number system are as
follows:
• Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
• Also called base 8 number system
• Each position in an octal number represents a
0 power of the base (8). Example 80
• Last position in an octal number represents a x
power of the base (8). Example 8x where x
represents the last position - 1.
4. Hexadecimal Number System
• Characteristics of hexadecimal number system
are as follows:

• Uses 10 digits and 6 letters,


0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
• Letters represents numbers starting from 10.
A = 10. B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15.
• Also called base 16 number system
Numeral systems conversion table
Conversion Among Bases

• The possibilities:
Decimal to Any Number Base
• Take the decimal number, and divide by the
new number base
• Keep track of the quotient and remainder
• Repeat until quotient = 0
• Read number from the bottom to the top
Decimal to Binary
Converting Decimal to Binary
• Example: Convert decimal 44 to binary.

• 44 / 2 = 22 remainder = 0
• 22 / 2 = 11 remainder = 0
• 11 / 2 = 5 remainder = 1
• 5 / 2 = 2 remainder = 1
• 2 / 2 = 1 remainder = 0
• 1 / 2 = 0 remainder = 1

(44)10 = 101100B
Decimal to Binary

• (51)10 = (110011)2

H.W:
• (217)10 = (11011001)2
• (156)10 = (10011100)2
Decimal to Octal
Converting Decimal to Octal
Decimal to Octal
• Here is an example of using repeated division
to convert 638 decimal to octal:

638 8 6
79 8 7
9 8 1
1 8 1

(638)10 = (1176)8
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Any Number Base to Decimal
• From right to left, multiply the digit of the
number-to-convert by its baseposition
• Sum all results
Converting Binary to Decimal
• Binary is base 2
• Example: convert 10110 (binary) to decimal
101102 = 1x24 + 0x23 + 1x22 + 1x21 + 0x20
= 1x16 + 0x8 + 1x4 + 1x2 + 0x1
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0
= 22
• So 101102 = 2210
Converting Binary to Decimal
• 101012 = 10101B =
1×24+0×23+1×22+0×21+1×20 = 16+4+1= 21

• 1001012 =
• 1×25+0×24+0×23+1×22+0×21+1×20 = 32+4+1
= 37

HW:
100011102 = 14210 ???
Binary to Octal
• Technique
– Group bits in threes, starting on right
– Convert to octal digits.
10110101112 = ?8

10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Octal
Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Group bits in fours, starting on right
– Convert to hexadecimal digits.
10101110112 = ?16

10101110112 = 2BB16
Binary to Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
• 345 O = ?? B
Octal to Hexadecimal

• 0000 1110 0101 = 0 E 5 H


Octal to Decimal

• 278 = 2×81+7×80
= 16+7 = 23

• 43078 = 4×83+3×82+0×81+7×80
= 2247
Octal to Binary
• Technique
– Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation.

7058 = ?2

7058 = 1110001012
Octal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Use binary as an intermediary
10768 = ?16

10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal Number System
• Each position in a hexadecimal number
represents a 0 power of the base (16).
Example 160.
• Hexadecimal is base 16

• Example: convert 16 (hex) to decimal


1616 = 1x161 + 6x160
= 1x16 + 6x1
= 16 + 6
= 22
• So 1616 = 2210
Hexadecimal Number System

• Convert 2816 to Decimal


28H = 2×161+8×160
= 40

• Convert BC1216 to Decimal


BC12H = 11×163+12×162+1×161+2×160
= 48146
Hexadecimal to Binary
Hexadecimal to Binary
• Technique
– Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit
equivalent binary representation.

10AF16 = ?2

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Hexadecimal to Octal
Hexadecimal to Octal
• Technique
– Use binary as an intermediary
1F0C16 = ?8

1F0C16 = 174148
Exercise with Answer

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