Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering

Chancellor’s Exam Memorandum

Copyright reserved

Module EIR 211

19 June 2023

Assessment ID
2023EIR211E03

Test information
Maximum marks: 39 Full marks: 39
Duration of paper: 90 minutes Open/closed book: Closed book
Additional time None Allowable materials: Formula sheet on
allocation: question paper
Extra-time venue: Thuto 3-2 Submission format: OCR sheets (00-01,
02-03)
Total number of pages (including this page): 10

IMPORTANT
1. The departmental rules relevant to electronically graded assessments apply.
2. Answer all questions on the OCR sheets provided. The question numbering in ( ) corresponds
to the OCR sheet numbering.
3. Unless the answer is an integer, round all answers to three significant figures, e.g., if the
absolute value for an answer is 531.94 Ω, the answer to 3 significant figures would be 532 Ω
or 0.532 kΩ, if the absolute value for an answer is 5.3194 Ω, the answer to 3 significant figures
would be 5.32 Ω.
4. Complex number answers can be entered in rectangular or polar format. In rectangular for-
mat, round both the real and imaginary parts to 3 significant digits, e.g. 12.345 + j3.465 rounded
to 3 significant digits would be 12.3 + j3.47. In polar format, round the magnitude and angle to 3
significant digits, e.g. 12.345∠3.465◦ rounded to 3 significant digits would be 12.3∠3.47◦ .
5. Answers without units or with the incorrect units will be marked incorrect.
6. For multiple choice questions, write down the number corresponding to the correct answer on
your answer sheet.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The University of Pretoria commits itself to produce academic work of integrity. I affirm that I am
aware of and have read the Rules and Policies of the University, more specifically the Disciplinary
Procedure and the Tests and Examinations Rules, which prohibit any unethical, dishonest or im-
proper conduct during tests, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
I am aware that no student or any other person may assist or attempt to assist another student,
or obtain help, or attempt to obtain help from another student or any other person during tests,
assessments, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
Internal examiners: Dr. F. Palunčić and Prof. J. Joubert

2023EIR211E03 Page 1 of 10 19 June 2023

 All phasor voltages and currents that are given and asked for are
in RMS

Dr. Palunčić’s section

Question 1 (17)
Refer to the circuit below. The objective is to find expressions for the currents i(t)
and iR (t) for t ≥ 0. Question parts (4)–(13) list the parameters needed in finding
the expressions. The parameters are not necessarily listed in the order in which
you need to calculate them.

t=0 20 Ω

i(t) iR (t)
+

4A 10 H 20 Ω v (t) 16 mF + 30u(−t) V
−
−

(1) A1 (no units needed) (2)

(2) A2 (no units needed) (2)
(3) B1 (no units needed) (1)
(4) B2 (no units needed) (1)
(5) s1 (no units needed) (2)
(6) s2 (no units needed) (2)
(7) i(∞) (1)
(8) i(0+ ) (1)
+
(9) di(0 )/dt (2)
(10) v (0+ ) (1)

(11) What is the mathematical form of the transient inductor current response it (t)
for t ≥ 0?
1: it (t) = A1 + A2 e −t/τ
2: it (t) = (A1 + A2 )e −t/τ
3: it (t) = A1 e s1 t + A2 e s2 t
4: it (t) = (A1 + A2 t)e −αt
5: it (t) = e −αt (A1 cos ωd t + A2 sin ωd t)
(1)
(12) What is the mathematical form of the current iR (t) for t ≥ 0?

2023EIR211E03 Page 2 of 10 19 June 2023

 1: iR (t) = B1 + B2 e −t/τ
2: iR (t) = (B1 + B2 )e −t/τ
3: iR (t) = B1 e s1 t + B2 e s2 t
4: iR (t) = (B1 + B2 t)e −αt
5: iR (t) = e −αt (B1 cos ωd t + B2 sin ωd t)
(1)

Solution:
t ≥ 0:
20 Ω

i(t) iR (t)
+

4A 10 H 20 Ω v (t) 16 mF
−

20(20)
R = 20||20 = 20+20
= 10 Ω.

i(t)
+

4A 10 H 10 Ω v (t) 16 mF
−

(8) t < 0: The switch is open, so that the two parts of the circuit are separate.

4A i(t)

i(0+ ) = i(0− ) = 4 A.

(10) t < 0:
20 Ω

20 Ω v (t) +
− 30 V
−

v (0+ ) = v (0− ) = 20
20+20
(30) = 15 V.

2023EIR211E03 Page 3 of 10 19 June 2023

 (9)

di(0+ ) vL (0+ )
=
dt L
vC (0+ )
=
L
15
=
10
= 1.5 A/s

(7) t → ∞:

4A i(t) 10 Ω

i(∞) = 4 A.

(5)

1
α=
2RC
1
=
2(10)(0.016)
= 3.125 Np/s

1
ω0 = √
LC
1
=p
10(0.016)
= 2.5 rad/s

Then
q
s1,2 = −α ± α2 − ω02
√
= −3.125 ± 3.1252 − 2.52
= −3.125 ± 1.875

Hence s1 = −1.25.

(6) s2 = −5.

(11) Characteristic roots s1 and s2 are real and unequal (overdamped), there-
fore form 3.

2023EIR211E03 Page 4 of 10 19 June 2023

 (1) Since i(t) = i(∞) + A1 e s1 t + A2 e s2 t , i(0) = i(∞) + A1 + A2 or A1 = i(0) −
i(∞) − A2 . But
di(t)
= s1 A1 e s1 t + s2 A2 e s2 t
dt
and so
di(0)
= s1 A1 + s2 A2 .
dt
Therefore
di(0)
= s1 [i(0) − i(∞) − A2 ] + s2 A2
dt
di(0)/dt + s1 [i(∞) − i(0)]
A2 = .
s2 − s 1
Substituting this expression for A2 into the expression for A1 above gives

di(0)/dt + s1 [i(∞) − i(0)]

A1 = i(0) − i(∞) −
s 2 − s1
s2 [i(0) − i(∞)] − di(0)/dt
=
s2 − s 1
−5(4 − 4) − 1.5
=
−5 + 1.25
= 0.4

(2)

1.5 − 1.25(4 − 4)
A2 =
−5 + 1.25
= −0.4

(12)

v (t)
iR (t) =
20
1 di(t)
= L
20 dt
1 di(t)
=
2 dt
1 1
= s1 A1 e s1 t + s2 A2 e s2 t
2 2
Therefore, the form of iR (t) is 3.

(3) B1 = 21 s1 A1 = 12 (−1.25)(0.4) = −0.25.

(4) B2 = 12 s2 A2 = 12 (−5)(−0.4) = 1.

Question 2 (3)

2023EIR211E03 Page 5 of 10 19 June 2023

 Consider the differential equation
Z
dv (t)
+ 5v (t) + 4 v (t) dt = 20 sin(4t + 10◦ )
dt

in the time domain, where the phasor V (v (t) = A cos(4t + φ) ⇔ V) is the solution
to this equation in the phasor domain.
(13) Determine the phasor V. (2)
(14) Determine the phase φ of v (t). (1)

Solution:

(16) Convert the time domain differential equation

Z
dv (t)
+ 5v (t) + 4 v (t) dt = 20 sin(4t + 10◦ )
dt

to the phasor domain. Since 20 sin(4t + 10◦ ) = 20 cos(4t − 80◦ ), then (v (t) ⇔
V and ω = 4)
4V
jωV + 5V + = 20∠−80◦
jω
(j4 + 5 − j)V = 20∠−80◦
20∠−80◦
V=
5 + 3j
= 3.43∠−110.96◦

(17) φ = −110.96◦ .

Prof. Joubert’s section

Question 3 (5)
Consider the circuit below. ZL must be chosen to ensure maximum power transfer
(to ZL ).

(15) Find the value of ZL . (2)

2023EIR211E03 Page 6 of 10 19 June 2023

 (16) Calculate the average power delivered by the current source.
(Hint: use VTh ) (2)
(17) Calculate the average power absorbed by ZL . (1)

Solution:

(18)

(6)(3 + j1)
ZTh = (6)||(3 + j1) − j2 = − j2 = 2.58∠−37.3◦ Ω = 2.05 − j1.56 Ω
(6 + 3 + j1)

ZL = Z∗Th = 2.58∠37.3◦ Ω

(19)
VTh = 33∠0◦ × (6)||(3 + j1) = 69.14∠12.1◦ V
VTh 69.14∠12.1◦
=⇒ IL = = = 16.86∠12.1◦ A
ZTh + ZL 4.1
=⇒ Psource = Re{VTh I∗L } = 69.14 · 16.86 = 1166 W

(20)
PL = |IL |2 RL = (16.86)2 · 2.05 = 583 W
or
|VTh |2 (69.14)2
PL = = = 583 W
4RTh 4 × 2.05

Question 4 (8)
A balanced Y-connected three-phase source is connected to a balanced ∆-connected
load. The positive sequence, 50 Hz voltage source has Van = 220∠0◦ V (rms), and
the line current is Ia = 5∠25◦ A.

Determine
(18) Z∆ (2)

2023EIR211E03 Page 7 of 10 19 June 2023

 (19) VAB (1)
(20) IBC (2)
(21) Ic (1)
(22) The complex power absorbed by the three-phase load. (2)

Solution:

(21) Replace ∆ load with Y load:

Van 220∠0◦
ZY = = = 44∠−25◦ Ω
Ia 5∠25◦
=⇒ Z∆ = 3 × ZY = 132∠−25◦ Ω

(22) √
VAB = 3∠30◦ · Van = 381∠30◦ V

(23)
VAB
IBC = 1∠−120◦ · IAB = 1∠−120◦ · = 2.89∠−65◦ A
Z∆
(24)
Ic = 1∠120◦ · Ia = 5∠145◦ A

(25)

S = 3Sp
= 3Vp I∗p
= 3VAN I∗a
= 3 · 220∠0◦ · 5∠−25◦
= 3300∠−25◦ VA
= 2.99 − j1.39 kVA

Question 5 (6)
The equivalent circuit of a 60 Hz, 10 kVA 4800/240 V-rms single phase transformer
is given below. The voltage across the load impedance is Vload = 240∠0◦ V (rms),
and I2 = 41.7∠36.9◦ A (rms). The equivalent circuit values are:

Primary resistance R1 20 Ω
Secondary resistance R2 0.1 Ω
Primary leakage reactance X1 = ωL1 100 Ω
Secondary leakage reactance X2 = ωL2 0.2 Ω
Magnetizing reactance Xm = ωLm 50 kΩ
Core-loss resistance Rc 250 kΩ

2023EIR211E03 Page 8 of 10 19 June 2023

 Calculate the following:
(23) I1 (1)
(24) V2 (1)
(25) V1 (1)
(26) Vs (1)
(27) The power loss in the transformer. (2)

Solution:

(26)
N1 240
I1 = I2 = · 41.7∠36.9◦ = 2.09∠36.9◦ A
N2 4800
(27)

V2 = Vload + I2 (R2 + jX2 ) = 240∠0◦ + 41.7∠36.9◦ (0.1 + j0.2) = 239∠2.20◦ V

(28)
N2 4800
V1 = V2 = · 239∠2.20◦ = 4780∠2.20◦ V
N1 240
(29)

Vs = I1 (R1 +jX1 )+V1 = 2.09∠36.9◦ ·(20+j100)+4780∠2.20◦ = 4700∠4.59◦ V

(30)

Vs2 47002
Ploss = + I12 R1 + I22 R2 = + (2.09)2 · 20 + (41.7)2 · 0.1 = 350 W
Rc 250 × 103

2023EIR211E03 Page 9 of 10 19 June 2023

 Formula sheet

First-order circuit
τ = RC (RC circuit) τ = RL (RL circuit)
Second-order circuit
R 1
α = 2L (series RLC circuit) α = 2RC (parallel RLC circuit)
1
ω0 = √LC
p p
s1 = −α + α2 − ω02 s2 = −α − α2 − ω02

2 2
|VTh,rms |
Pmax = |V Th |
8RTh = 4RTh
θ1 −tan θ2 )
C = ωVQC2 = P(tanωV 2 ZY = Z∆ /3
rms rms
VY = V√∆3 ∠−30◦ φ = BA = µHA = R F
= NiµAl µ = µr µ0
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 f = ilB e = Blu
 2
B2 N2 0
Wv = 2µ L= R ZL = NN12 ZL

−xfull-load
reg = xno-load
xfull-load
ω
× 100% ωs = P/2 ns = 120f
P
ωslip = sω nm = (1 − s)ns Tout = Pωout
m
P
Tdev = Pωdev
m
= ωags Pdev = (1 − s)Pag

2023EIR211E03 Page 10 of 10 19 June 2023