VASISHTHA GENESIS SCHOOL, BARDOLI.

Academic Session: 2020-21

SOCIAL SCIENCE
Geography Ch-6 Manufacturing Industries
GRADE: 10th Worksheet Date:27/11/2020
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1 marks Questions

1. Name the any two public sector industries.

Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation(NTPC)

 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation(ONGC)

 Steel Authority of India Limited(SAIL)

 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited(BHEL)

2. What are small scale industries?

Ans. An industry where the investment on the assets of a unit is less than one crore is
known as small scale industries.

3. Oil India Ltd is which type of Industry on the basis of ownership?

Ans. Joint sector Industry

4. What are heavy industries?

Ans. Industries in where bulky and heavy weight of raw material is used and heavy
finished goods are produced. Example: Iron and steel industry.

5. When and where, the first cement plant was set up?

Ans. 1904, Chennai

6. Write down the basic inputs of Iron and steel industry.

Ans. Coking coal, limestone and manganese

7. What is NTPC?

Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation

8. Name any two pre independence industrial cities of India.

Ans. Bombay and Kolkata

9. In which year national jute policy was formulated.

Ans. 2005
10. Name the company through which public sector undertakings market their
steel.

Ans. Steel authority of India

11. How many technology parks are in India?

Ans. 18

12. Name the undertaking which has ISO certification for EMS (Environment
management System) 14001.

Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)

13. What is the position of India in the production of Gur and Khandasri in the
world?

Ans. First position

14. How much electricity is required for the smelting per ton of Aluminium ore?

Ans. 18,600 Kwh per ton of ore

15. Name the basic raw material used for sugar industry.

Ans. Sugarcane

16. Which were the techniques used in ancient India to produce cotton textiles.

Ans. Hand spinning and handloom weaving

17. Name any two Asian countries who imports cotton goods from India.

Ans. Singapore and Sri Lanka

18. To which Asian country India exports yarn?

Ans. Japan

19. In 1857 where the first cotton mill of India was founded

A. Mysore B . Madras C . Surat D. Bombay

Ans. D. Bombay

20. Largest producer of Jute and Jute made goods

A. Bangladesh B. India C. Sri Lanka D. Brazil

Ans. B. India

21. Iron and steel is a

A. an agro base industry B. a chemical industry

C. basic industry D. tertiary industry
Ans. C. basic industry
22. Durgapur is situated in

A. Jharkhand B. Orissa C. Chhattisgarh D. West Bengal

Ans. D. West Bengal

23. Chemical industries usually are located near

A. Iron and steel industries B. Thermal power plant

C. Oil refineries D. Automobile industry

Ans. C. Oil refineries

24. STP is the Abbreviation of

A. System tech park B. Software Technology Park

C. State thermal plant D. Software Technology Picket

Ans. B. Software Technology Park

25. NTPC is the Abbreviation of

A. National Textile Production Company

B. National Technology Production Company

C. National Thermal Power Corporation

D. National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation

Ans. C. National Thermal Power Corporation

26. Atomic power plant causes

A. Water Pollution B. Noise Pollution C. Air Pollution D. Heat Pollution

Ans. D. Heat Pollution

27. Manufacturing industries includes

A. Crop production B. Fish production

C. Plantation D. Sugar Production

Ans. D. Sugar Production

28. Manufacturing industries includes

A. Converting raw material into ready good B. Transporting raw material

C. Producing raw material D. Procuring raw material

Ans. A. Converting raw material into ready good

3 marks questions:

1. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in
India?

Ans. (i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.

(ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every
part of the country.

(iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in India.

(iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using
simple tools andmachines.

2. Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture. Explain.

Ans. (i) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers,
cotton bull pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing,
designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.

(ii) Agriculture provides raw material to the industry i.e. raw cotton.

3. What were the major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005? Why is the
internal demand for jute increasing?

Ans. (i) To increase the productivity

(ii) To improve the quality

(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers

(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because -

(i) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging

(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials.

4. India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet , we are
not able to perform to our full potential. Give any four reasons.

Ans. (i) High Costs and Limited availability of coking coal.

(ii) Lower productivity of labour

(iii) Shortage of power

(iv) Poor infrastructure.

(v) Low Investment in Research and Development.

5. Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?

Ans. Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:

(i) It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries
such as heavy Engineering, defence equipment, automobiles, aeroplanes etc.

(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.

(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.

6. What is importance of the manufacturing industries?

Ans. 1. Employment generation: Manufacturing industry is the main source of

employment for large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.

2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange to India.

3. Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry produces products of daily

needs and helps the common people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on
agricultural sector for employment.

4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the

removal of economic problems like poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It
also helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and
backward areas.

7. What is the importance of Jute Industry?

Ans. : 1. Employment- The jute industry supports 2 61 Lakh workers directly another 40
lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and Mesta.

2. Products: Jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.

3. Foreign Exchange: Exports of raw jute and manufactured goods bring foreign
exchange

4. Promotion of Small Scale Industry: Many products of the jute industry are
manufactured by cottage and small scale industry. So it promotes decentralization of
industry.

8. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons.

Ans. North India is regarded as the main centre of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh
is the leading producer. Over the time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India.
The main reasons behind shifting of the sugar industry towards south India are:

(i) The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other
southern states.

(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.

(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.

(iv) Co-operative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the
south India than north India.

9. How would you classify industries on the bases of their main role?

Ans. Industries can be classified under the following categories on the basis of their
main role:

1. Basic and Key Industries: Basic and key industries which supply their products or
raw materials to manufacture other products. Example: Iron and steel industry, copper
smelting and aluminum smelting.

2. Consumer Industries: Consumer Industries that produce goods for direct use by
consumers. Example: Sugar, Toothpaste, paper, sewing machines and fans etc.

10. What are the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the
environment?

Ans. 1. Mining causes air pollution. The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners
make them vulnerable to pulmonary diseases.

2. The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant
threat to miners.

3. The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste
and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil, and increase in stream and river pollution.

11. Why has there been a decline in the Jute Industry? Give three reasons.

Ans. 1. Because of high cost Jute products the demand has greatly declined.

2. The invention of synthetic as a substitute for jute has greatly led to the decline of the
jute industry.

3. International competition especially from Bangladesh has also led to decline of the
Jute industry.

12. Can you write brief outline about the position of Indian cotton industry
at international level?

Ans. 1. India has the second largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, next to
china at around 34 million.

2. We have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for one fourth of
total trade.

3. Our trade in garments is only 4% of the world’s total.

4. Our spinning mills are competitive at global level and capable of using all the fiber
products.
13. How would you classify industries on the bases of raw materials used?

Ans. 1. Agro based industries: Industries which get its raw material from agriculture are
known as Agro based industries. Cotton, woolen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea,
coffee and edible oil are examples of agro based industries.

2.Mineral based Industries: Industries which are dependent on minerals for their
industrial use are known as mineral based industries. Iron and steel industries, cement
industries, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals are examples of Mineral based
industries.

14.What are the three problems being faced by the Indian cotton industry?

Ans. 1. We had made a significant increase in the production of good quality ling staple
cotton; the need to imports is still felt.

2. Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and
processing sectors in particular.

3. Other problems are the low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic
fiber industry.

15. Why does the north eastern part of the peninsular plateau region have the
maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?

Ans. 1. Due to the area is rich in raw material.

2. Transport facilities are available.

3. Port facilities are available close to this are.

4. Labour from Bihar and UP states is also available.

16. Write some facts about the Indian fertilizer industry.

Ans. Following are the facts of the Indian fertilizer industry:

1. Nitrogenous fertilizers-especially urea. India is the third largest producer of

nitrogenous fertilizers.

2. Phosphoric fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP).

3. Complex fertilizers-this has a combination of nitrogen, phosphate and potash. India

has no reserves of potash or potassium compounds which can be commercially utilized.

17. Explain the role of NTPC in paving the way to control environment
degradation.

Ans. 1. Maximum use of latest and efficient equipments and adoption of techniques
which encourage sustainable development.

2. Use of ash, pond management ash water recycling system and liquid waste
management. These techniques reduce environment pollution.

3. Maximum ash utilization which minimize the generation of waste.

4. Nurturing of ecological balance by maintain green belts and aforestation.

18. How would you classify industry on the bases of ownership?

Ans. 1. Public sector: Owned and operated by government agencies, e.g., BHEL, SAIL.

2. Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, e.g.,

Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries, TISCO

3. Joint Sector: Run jointly by the Government and Individual or group of individuals,
e.g. Oil India Ltd. (OIL)

4. Cooperative Sector: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw

material, workers or both. Resources are pooled and profits and losses are shared, e.g.
Amul India, coir industries in Kerala, Sugar industries in Maharashtra.

19. “The textile industry of India is self reliant and complete in Value” Explain
the contribution of textile industry to the Indian economy.

Ans. 1. Textile industry contributes almost 14% to industrial production.

2. It generates employment for almost 35 million people directly.

3. It also contributes 24.6 percent of the foreign exchange earnings.

4. Its contribution toward GDP is 4 percent.

20. Explain any three factors responsible for the concentration of Jute Industry in
the Hugli basin?

Ans. 1. The fertile Ganga Brahmaputra delta grows about 90% 0f India‘s Jute and
provide raw material to jute mills. Most of the mills are within a distance of 64 km from
Kolkata along the Hugli River.

2. Cheap water transportation is provided by the Hugli river water.

3. There is a narrow belt of jute mills which is 100 km long and 3 km wide along the
banks of Hugli River.

21. Bring out the importance of information Technology and Electronic in India?

Ans. 1. Electronic industry produces a wide range of goods like televisions, telephone,
radars, computers etc.

2. It has provided employment to more than one million people. This number is expected
to increase eight-fold in the next 3 to four years.

3. It has contributed to a lot of foreign exchange in the last few years.

4. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India.

5. 18 software technology parks provide single window service and high data
communication facility to software experts.
22. Industrialisation and urbanization go hand in hand„. Explain.

Ans.

1. Industries need different types of services such as labour, banking, transport,

insurance and financial consultants. Such services are available in cities.

2. In cities the manufactured products are sold. They become markets for these
products and people are able to buy them according to their requirements.
Availability of products attracts people from other parts to settle there. Thus,
industrialisation leads to urbanisation.

3. Sometimes many industries are set up together to make use of the advantage
offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually a large
industrial agglomeration takes place. Thus, it is correct to state that the industries
are located in or near the cities.

23. What is the large scale and small scale industries? Give examples.

Ans. Those industries that employs large number of workers in each unit and having
large production level are known as large scale industries. e.g. cotton textile industry.

The industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small
production level is known as small scale industry. e.g. readymade garment industries.

5 marks questions:

1. Explain the different stages in the process of manufacturing of steel.

Ans. 1. Iron Ore: Transport of raw material to plant.

2. Blast Furnace: Iron ore is melted. Lime stone is fluxing material which is added. Slag
is removed. Coke is burnt to heat the ore.

3. Pig Iron: Molten materials poured into moulds called pigs.

4. Shaping Metal: Rolling, pressing, casting and forging.

5. Steel making: Pig iron is further purified by melting and oxidizing the impurities.
Manganese, nickel, chromium are added.
2. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other”. Justify the
statement.

Ans. 1. Agriculture and industry move hand and hand.

2. The agro industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its
productivity.
3. They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation
pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools
etc. to the farmers.

4. Thus development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only

assisted agriculture in increasing their production but also made the production
processes very efficient.
5. Industrial labour and employers are dependent on agriculture for the food and other
products.

3. What is the contribution of industry to national economy in India? Compare it

with the East Asian Countries. What is the desired growth and present position of
industry in GDP?

Ans. 1. The contribution of industry to national economy has not been satisfactory for
the last two decades. It has stagnated at 17 percent for mining quarrying, electricity and
gas.
2. In comparison to India’s 17 percent share in GDP, the East Asian countries have
contributed 25 to 35 per cent to their GDP.

3. The desired growth over the next decade is 12 percent.

4. At present growth rate is about 9 to 10 percent and it is expected that we can achieve
the growth rate of 12 per cent by some efforts like setting up of the National
Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC).

4. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of

manufacturing industries. Explain.

Answer:
The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries.
It is the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular
due to the following reasons:

1. Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture.

2. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural sector. At present more

than half of the workers in the country are still working in the primary sector,
mainly in agricultural activities. The workers in this sector are under employed.

3. It provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

4. Industrial development or manufacturing industries are necessary for the removal

of unemployment and poverty in a country like India. This was the main
philosophy behind public sector ventures in India.

5. It brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and

backward areas.

6. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much
needed foreign exchange.

7. The industries make a country rich and prosperous because raw materials are
transformed into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value which increases
the income.