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Separator

The separator of a lithium-ion battery is a thin, porous membrane typically made of polyethylene or polypropylene. It prevents direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes while enabling the flow of lithium ions. Its properties significantly impact battery performance and researchers explore new separator materials and designs to improve efficiency, safety, and lifespan.

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37 views2 pages

Separator

The separator of a lithium-ion battery is a thin, porous membrane typically made of polyethylene or polypropylene. It prevents direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes while enabling the flow of lithium ions. Its properties significantly impact battery performance and researchers explore new separator materials and designs to improve efficiency, safety, and lifespan.

Uploaded by

yadavaadityawardhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In a lithium-ion battery, the separator is a crucial component positioned between the

positive and negative electrodes. Its primary role is to prevent direct contact between
these electrodes while enabling the flow of lithium ions during the charging and
discharging process.

The separator is typically a thin, porous membrane made of materials like


polyethylene or polypropylene. Its porous nature allows ions to move back and forth
between the electrodes while inhibiting the passage of larger particles or electrons,
thus preventing short circuits and ensuring the battery's safety and stability.

Moreover, the separator's properties, such as porosity, thickness, and material


composition, significantly impact the battery's performance, including its capacity,
power output, and overall lifespan. Researchers continually explore new separator
materials and designs to enhance battery efficiency, safety, and longevity.
History:

Early separators were made of rubber, glass fiber mat, cellulose and polyethylene plastic.
Wood was the original choice but it deteriorated in the electrolyte. Nickel-based batteries
use separators of porous polyolefin films, nylon or cellophane. The absorbed glass mat
(AGM) in the sealed lead acid version uses a glass fiber mat as a separator that is soaked in
sulfuric acid.

Material for a separator: Commercially available Li-ion cells use polyolefin as a separator.
This material has excellent mechanical properties, good

chemical stability and is low-cost. A polyolefin is a class of polymer that is produced from
olefin by polymerizing olefin ethylene. Ethylene comes from a petrochemical source;
polyolefin is made from polyethylene, polypropylene or laminates of both materials.

Why only these materials?

The Li-ion separator must be permeable and the pore size ranges from 30 to 100nm. (Nm
stands for nano-meter, 10-9, which is one millionth of a millimeter or about 10 atoms thick.)
The recommended porosity is 30–50 percent. This holds enough liquid electrolyte and
enables the pores to close should the cell overheat.

The separator should be as thin as possible so as to not add dead volume and still provide
sufficient tensile strength to prevent stretching during the winding process and offer good
stability throughout life. The pores must be uniformly spread on the sheet to ensure even
distribution throughout the entire separator area. Furthermore, the separator must be
compatible with the electrolyte and allow easy wetting. Dry areas can create hot spots
through elevated resistance, leading to cell failure.
Separators are getting thinner. A thickness of 25.4μm (1.0 mil) is common but some go
down to 20μm, 16μm and now even 12μm without significantly compromising the properties
of the cell. (One micron, also known as µm, is one millionth of a meter.) The separator with
electrolyte in modern Li-ion only makes up 3 percent of the cell content.

Diff site:

Chemical Stability In general terms, Lithium-Ion Battery Separators material should


always be chemi...

Read more at: https://www.evmechanica.com/what-are-lithium-ion-battery-


separators/#penci-Chemical-Stability

The separator of a lithium-ion battery

Introduction: In a lithium-ion battery, the separator is a thin porous membrane, a crucial


component positioned between the positive and negative electrodes. Its primary role is to
prevent direct contact between these electrodes while enabling the flow of lithium ions
during the charging and discharging processes . The electrodes touching each other could
lead to a short circuit ultimately resulting in a catastrophic failure. Early separators were
made of rubber, glass fiber mat, cellulose and. Wood was the original choice but it
deteriorated in the electrolyte. Nowdays, separators are made using polyolefins. A
polyolefin is basically a class of polymer that is produced from olefin by polymerising olefin
polyethylene

Rubber: low permeability , excellent at stopping the formstion of lithium dendrites

Cellulose: mechanicsally and thermally stable

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