Department of Chemistry

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

CEM1008F - CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

SECOND CLASS TEST: MAY 2019

60 MINUTES, 50 MARKS
INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Write your name and student registration number on the computer answer sheet.

2. An additional 5 minutes are afforded at the start of the test for reading. No writing may
occur during this period.

3. Record your answers CLEARLY and UNAMBIGUOUSLY on the COMPUTER ANSWER

SHEET USING AN HB PENCIL.
There is only ONE CORRECT RESPONSE to each question. You will be given a
NEGATIVE score for a question if:

a) you give more than one response to a question,

b) you give an incorrect response,

You will get ZERO if you give no response.

4. There are 18 questions. Check that your paper is complete.

5. Hand in your computer answer sheet only.

6. You may use the reverse blank pages of the question paper for your calculations.

7. A periodic table, aqueous solubility rules and a formula sheet are provided at the end of
the question paper. You may remove these to facilitate access.
Question 1
During a certain process a system releases heat and performs work on the surroundings.
Which one of the following statements is true after the process has occurred?
A. The internal energy of the system is increased.
B. The internal energy of the system is decreased.
C. The internal energy of the system is decreased only if the heat released is more than the
work performed on the surroundings.
D. The internal energy of the system is decreased only if the heat released is less than the
work performed on the surroundings.
E. There is no change in the internal energy of the system.
[2]
Question 2
In the entropy equation, S = k ln W, W refers to the number of microstates. Which one of the
following statements with reference to a microstate is false?
A. A microstate refers to the smallest homogeneous portion of a system.
B. The entropy of the system is zero if there is only one microstate.
C. A microstate refers to one way in which the total energy of a system is distributed.
D. An increase in the number of microstates of the system, leads to an increase in entropy.
E. All microstates have the same total energy and therefore are equally likely.
[2]
Question 3
A sample of NH4NO3 was dissolved in 50.00 cm3 of water at 25.00 ºC. This process required
2245 J of heat. The heat capacity of the resulting solution is 219.4 J ºC1. The calculated final
temperature of the solution is closest to:
A. 24.80 ºC
B. 35.23 ºC
C. 21.45 ºC
D. 14.77 ºC
E. 12.55 ºC
[3]
Question 4
Burning 1.221 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) in a bomb calorimeter, that contains exactly
1.200 dm3 of water, results in a temperature increase of 5.050 ºC. The heat capacity of the
bomb calorimeter is 1365 J K1, whilst the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.184 J g1 K1
and its density is 1.000 kg dm3. The calculated heat of combustion of benzoic acid is closest
to:
A. 1221 kJ mol1
B. 25.35 kJ mol1
C. 6.983 kJ mol1
D. 612.4 kJ mol1
E. 3225 kJ mol1
[4]

2
Question 5
Using the thermochemical equations (1) and (2):

(1) ½ N2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)  NO (g) ΔH = 90.3 kJ

(2) NO (g) + ½ Cl2 (g)  NOCl (g) ΔH = 38.6 kJ

the calculated Hrxn value of the target reaction below is closest to:

2 NOCl (g)  N2 (g) + O2 (g) + Cl2 (g) Hrxn = ?

A. 103.4 kJ
B. 51.7 kJ
C. 128.9 kJ
D. 403.2 kJ
E. 312.8 kJ
[3]

Question 6
The Hºrxn for the following reaction:

Cu (s) + CO2 (g)  CuO (s) + CO (g) Hºrxn = 125.7 kJ

was calculated based on Hºf [CO2 (g)] = 393.5 kJ mol1 and Hºf [CO (g)] = 110.5 kJ mol1.
Therefore the calculated Hºf [CuO (s)] value is closest to:
A. 378.3 kJ mol1
B. 0 kJ mol1
C. 157.3 kJ mol1
D. 504 kJ mol1
E. 38.4 kJ mol1
[3]

Question 7
The second law of thermodynamics refers to spontaneous processes. Which one of the
following statements regarding spontaneous processes is true?
A. The entropy of the universe remains constant.
B. The system always releases heat.
C. The entropy of the system always increases.
D. The entropy of the universe always decreases.
E. In cases where the entropy of the system decreases, the entropy of the surroundings
will have a larger increase in entropy.
[2]

3
Question 8
Acetylene gas, C2H2, is used in gas welding procedures and is a very important commercial
gas. The balanced equation and the standard entropy data (at 25 ºC) for the chemical species
involved in the combustion of acetylene are given below. Hº for the reaction is 1300 kJ.

C2H2 (g) + 5⁄2 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Substance Sº (J mol1 K1)

C2H2 (g) 200.9

O2 (g) 205.0

CO2 (g) 213.7

H2O (l) 69.9

The calculated ΔG° value for the combustion of acetylene gas is closest to:
A. 690 kJ
B. 1236 kJ
C. 690 kJ
D. 1310 kJ
E. 410 kJ
[4]
Question 9
Which one of the following statements pertaining to catalytic converters is false?
A. they increase the speed of combustion reactions for improved vehicle performance.
B. they convert unwanted by-products of combustion.
C. they have a metal surface (usually platinum) where the catalytic reaction occurs.
D. tetraethyl lead may ‘poison’ a catalytic converter rendering it inefficient.
E. they are involved in heterogeneous catalysis.
[2]
Question 10
The strongest type of intermolecular forces between solute and solvent when gaseous Xe is
dissolved in liquid methanol (CH3OH) are:
A. dipole-induced dipole forces
B. hydrogen bonding forces
C. ion-induced dipole forces
D. dispersion forces
E. dipole-dipole forces
[2]

4
Question 11
What is the mass of H2SO4 in a 50.0 ml sample of sulfuric acid that has a density of 1.55 g ml1
and which consists of 65.0 % H2SO4 by mass?
A. 27.1 g
B. 32.5 g
C. 50.4 g
D. 77.5 g
E. 119 g
[3]
Question 12
A 9.00 g sample of urea, CO(NH2)2, is dissolved in 360. g water. The temperature of the
resulting solution is 25.0 ºC. If the vapour pressure of water at 25.0 ºC is 23.80 torr, the
calculated vapour pressure value of the urea solution at 25.0 ºC, in torr, is closest to:
A. 0.990
B. 23.6
C. 21.6
D. 0.177
E. 3.57
[3]
Question 13
If a 20.0 g sample of a non-electrolyte is dissolved in 100. g of water, the resulting solution will
freeze at 0.93 ºC (Kf = 1.86 ºC m1). At this pressure, pure water freezes at 0.00 °C. The
density of water is 1.00 g mL−1. On the basis of these data, the non-electrolyte has a calculated
molar mass closest to:
A. 10.0 g mol−1
B. 50.0 g mol−1
C. 100. g mol−1
D. 200. g mol−1
E. 400. g mol−1
[3]
Question 14
Which one of the following equations correctly describes the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the
gas phase reaction below?
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O (g)
[H2 O]
A. Kc = [H
2 ][O2 ]

[H O]2
B. Kc = [H 2][O
2 2]

[H2 O]
C. Kc = [H 1/2
2 ][O2 ]
[H2 ][O2 ]
D. Kc = [H2 O]

E. Kc = [H2O]

[2]
5
Question 15
A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen was allowed to come to equilibrium at a certain
temperature.

3 H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

An analysis of the mixture at equilibrium reveals that it contains 2.0 mol N2 (g), 3.0 mol H2 (g)
and 1.5 mol NH3 (g). The calculated number of moles of H2 (g) that were present at the
beginning of the reaction is closest to:

A. 3.0
B. 1.0
C. 2.3
D. 5.3
E. 6.0
[3]
Question 16
Given the equilibrium constants, K1 and K2, for the reactions (1) and (2), respectively:

(1) 4 Cu (s) + O2 (g) 2 Cu2O (s) K1

(2) 2 CuO (s) Cu2O (s) + ½ O2 (g) K2

what is K for the reaction below equivalent to?

2 Cu (s) + O2 (g) 2 CuO (s)

A. K1 x K2
B. K11/2 x K2
C. K11/2 / K2
D. K21/2 / K1
E. K1 x K21/2
[3]
Question 17
A solid A, is introduced into an evacuated flask, producing two gaseous products B and C,
according to the reaction below:

A (s) 2 B (g) + C (g)

The total pressure at equilibrium is 0.900 atm, thus the calculated Kp value is closest to:
A. 0.108
B. 0.300
C. 0.027
D. 0.729
E. 0.900
[4]

6
Question 18
Consider the reaction:

S2Cl2 (l) + CCl4 (l) CS2 (g) + 3 Cl2 (g) ∆Hº= 84.3 kJ

If the above reactants and products are contained in a closed vessel and the reaction system
is at equilibrium, the number of moles of CS2 can be decreased by:
A. Adding some S2Cl2 to the system.
B. Removing some Cl2 from the system.
C. Decreasing the size of the reaction vessel.
D. Increasing the temperature of the reaction system.
E. Adding some CCl4 to the system.
[2]
END OF TEST

TOTAL MARKS: 50

7
 Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
H He
1.008 4.0026
2.1 KEY -
3 4 Atomic Number 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Cu Symbol B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 Atomic Mass (amu) 63.55 10.81 12.011 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
1.0 1.5 1.9 Electronegativity 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 -
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Note: Atomic mass values are rounded off to Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 four or five significant figures 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.96 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 -
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.4 107.86 112.40 114.82 116.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 -
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.2 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 204.37 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 -
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (280) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
0.7 0.9 1.1 -

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
LANTHANOIDS * Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
1.1 1.2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINOIDS **
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (251) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)
1.3 1.5 1.7
 Solubility Rules and Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Soluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions

NO3-, CH3COO-, ClO3-, ClO4- KClO4
Cl-, Br-, I- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Cu+
F- Pb2+, Group 2A
SO42- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Group 2A (Ca2+,
Ba2+)
Insoluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions
OH- Group 1A, Group 2A (Ca2+ and larger
members)
CO32-, PO43- NH4+, Group 1A
S2- NH4+, Group 1A, Group 2A

1. Salts of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A are soluble

2. Nitrates (NO3-) and acetates (CH3COO-) are soluble, as are the most common
chlorates (ClO3-) and perchlorates (ClO4-)
3. All chlorides are soluble, except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2 and CuCl
4. All bromides are soluble, except AgBr, Hg2Br2 and PbBr2
5. All iodides are soluble, except AgI, Hg2I2 and PbI2
6. All fluoride are soluble, except PbF2 and those of Group 2A
7. All sulphates (SO42-) are soluble, except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4 Ag2SO4, Hg2SO4 and
PbSO4
8. Phosphates (PO43-) and carbonates (CO32-) are insoluble, except those of ammonium
(NH4+) and the Group 1A alkali metals
9. All hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble, except those of Group 1A and those of Group 2A
(from Ca2+)
10. All sulfides are insoluble, except those of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A and Group
2A

9
 Constants Conversion Factors

R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

= 8.3145 kPa dm3 K-1 mol-1 1 A = 10-10 m
= 8.3145 J K-1 mol-1 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m
= 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3

1 Pa = 1 kg m-1 s-2
1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 mol-1 = 760 mm Hg (torr)

1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2
e = 1.60217733 x 10-19 C 1 cal = 4.184 J

h = 6.626 x 10-34 J S

c = 2.998 x 108 m s-1

F = 96500 C mol-1

Kw = 1 x 10-14

Thermodynamics Applied Solution Chemistry

E  q  w Henry’s law: S gas  k H Pgas

H  E  PV 
Raoult’s Law: Psolvent  xsolventPsolvent
q = c x m x T ; q = C x T
 
Psolvent  Psolvent  xsolutePsolvent
q
S  rev
T Tb  K b m ; T f  K f m
G  H  TS H soln  H latt  H hydr
H 
rxn   mH 
f   nH 
f
nsolute
products reactants
 RT  MRT
Vsolution

S rxn   mS
products

  nS
reactants


Electrochemistry

Grxn   mG
products

f   nG
reactants

f


Ecell  Ecathode

 Eanode

ΔS°univ = ΔS°rxn + ΔS°surr ≥ 0
G   nFE cell

Chemical Equilibrium

K p  K c RT 
n

Ecell 
RT
ln K 
0.0592
log K at 25C
nF n
G    RT ln K Ecell  Ecell


RT
ln Q
nF
K2 H rxn

1 1
ln      Ecell


0.0592
log Q at 25C
K1 R  T2 T1  n

10