10. IMAGE COMPRESSION-It involves in developing some functions to perform this operation. It mainly deals with image size or resolution. MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING-It deals with tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation & description of shape. SEGMENTATION PROCEDURE-It includes partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects. Autonomous segmentation is the most difficult task in Image Processing. REPRESENTATION & DESCRIPTION-It follows output of segmentation stage, choosing a representation is only the part of solution for transforming raw data into processed data. OBJECT DETECTION AND RECOGNITION-It is a process that assigns a label to an object based on its descriptor.* Image Sensors: Image sensors senses the intensity, amplitude, co-ordinates and other features of the images and passes the result to the image processing hardware. It includes the problem domain. + Image Processing Hardware: Image processing hardware is the dedicated hardware that is used to process the instructions obtained from the image sensors. It passes the result to general purpose computer. Computer: Computer used in the image processing system is the general purpose computer that is used by us in our daily life. + Image Processing Software: Image processing software is the software that includes all the mechanisms and algorithms that are used in image processing system.Shades OThe human eye can distinguish hundreds of color shades and their intensities. OThere are 100 shades of grey; therefore, an image contains extra information of color and this information is used for image analysis. OFor example: Identification of object and extraction based ‘on color. Shades = Number of cols =)Image storage requirements Image size: The size of an image depends on three things they are as following © Number of rows © Number of columns © Number of bits per pixel The formula for calculating the size of the image: Size of an image = rows * cols * bppExample: OLet row be 3000 and columns be 1687, and it has 256 shades of bpp. Size of an image = rows * cols * bpp =3000 * 1687 * 8 488000 bits OAs it is not a standard answer so we can convert it in the following ways: OConverting it into bytes = 8388608 / 8 = 5061000 bytes. Converting into kilo bytes = 5061000 / 1024 = 4942kb. Converting into Mega bytes = 4942 / 1024 = 4 Mb.* 24 bit color format * 24 bit color format also known as true color format. Like 16 bit color format, in a 24 bit color format, the 24 bits are again distributed in three different formats of Red, Green and Blue. * It is the most common used format. Its format is PPM ( Portable pixMap) which is supported by Linux operating system. The famous windows has its own format for it which is BMP ( Bitmap ).Types of an image * BINARY IMAGE- The binary image as its name suggests, contain only two pixel elements ic. 0 & L,where 0 refers to black and 1 refers to white. This image is also known as Black and white image: The resulting image that is formed hence consist of only black and white color and thus can also be called as Black and White image. The binary image that image where no gray level in it. Binary images have a format of PBM ( Portable bit map ) * 8 bit COLOR FORMAT- It is the most famous image format. It has 256 different shades of colors in it and commonly known as Image. In this format, 0 stands for Black, and 255 stands for white, and 127 stands for gray. The format of these images are PGM ( Portable Gray Map ). This format is not supported by default from windows. In order to see gray scale image, you. need to have an image viewer or image processing toolbox such as Matlab. * 16 bit COLOR FORMAT- It is a color image format. It has 65,536 different colors in it. It is also known as. . In this format the distribution of color is not as same as Grayscale image. It has been used by Microsoft in their systems that support more then 8 bit color format. A 16 bit format is actually divided into three further formats which are Red, Green and Blue. That famous RGB format.Binary Images Otis the simplest type of image. Olt takes only two values i.e, Black and White or 0 and 1. © The binary image consists of a 1-bit image and it takes only 1 binary digit to represent a pixel. © Binary images are mostly used for general shape or outline. © For Example: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) © Binary images are generated using threshold operation. © When a pixel is above the threshold value, then it is turned white('1") and which are below the threshold value then they are tured black(‘0') [aeeen [ "isGray-scale images Grayscale images are monochrome images, Means they have only one color. © Grayscale images do not contain any information about color. O Each pixel determines available different grey levels. OA normal grayscale image contains 8 bits/pixel data, which has 256 different grey levels. © In medical images and astronomy, 12 or 16 bits/pixel images are used, Fig. Gray-seale imageColor images OColor images are three band monochrome images in which, each band contains a different color and the actual information is stored in the digital image. OThe color images contain gray level information in each spectral band. OThe images are represented as red, green and blue (RGB images). OAnd each color image has 24 bits/pixel means 8 bits for each of the three color band(RGB).