Scribd
Upload
11 views13 pages

Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Ayaan Makani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views13 pages

Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Ayaan Makani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

CHAPTER 3

1) Discuss how line identification of pipeline are carried out in PFD with examples.
Ans: Pipeline serial number is
3” – P – 12007 – AllA – H30
Here,
3” – signifies the line size in inches i.e. the line size here is 3”.
P – signifies fluid service.
12007 – 12 signifies unit or facility number while 007 denotes the serial number.
AllA – denotes the piping service class where,
A – denotes the flange rating.
ll – denotes the piping material.
A – as suffix qualifying the piping material.
H – denotes the insulation type.
30 – denotes the insulation thickness.
2) Absolute alcohol is obtained by carrying out the fractional distillation of 96% by wt. ethyl
alcohol. The fresh feed (ethyl alcohol) is fed to at the azeotropic column where benzene is
used as an azeotrope breaker. The ternary azeotrope of ethanol, benzene and water is
formed as the overheads (ternary azeotrope) are condensed and phase separation is
achieved in the decanter. From the decanter, the benzene rich layer is recycled to the
azeotrope column (reflux) and water rich layer is send to second fractionating column
(recovery column), where water is drained as bottoms. The bottom of the azeotrope column
gives almost pure ethanol (99%). Draw Block flow diagram and Process Flow for this
process.

96% By wt.
Azeotropic
ethanol
distillation Decanter Fractionating
column column

99% By wt. Almost


ethanol water
3) Ortho nitro aniline (ONA) is to be manufactured by amination of ortho-nitro chlorobenzene
(O.N.C.B). Water is taken into reactor (High pressure batch reactor) and ammonia (Excess) is
taken into reaction vessel at low temperature. Molten O.N.C.B. is then added to a reactor
and mass in the reactor is heated with medium pressure steam, so as to reach reaction
temperature and pressure. The reaction temperature is held constant over a period of eight
hours for complete conversion of O.N.C.B to O.N.A.
After reaction is over ammonia recovery is started. Ammonia from the reaction vessel is
sparged into mechanically agitated vessel via pressure reducing valve. Ammonia is absorbed
in water in mechanically agitated vessel which maintained at temperature less than 20 oC by
recirculating chilled water through coil dipped in it.
Unabsorbed gas from mechanically agitated vessel is sent to two scrubbers in series where
it is further absorbed in water spread from top of the scrubbers. Scrubbers are packed
columns containing circulation till NH3 recovery is complete. After recovery of ammonia the
product mass containing O.N.A is cooled to room temperature by cooling tower water, the
product mass i.e. slurry of O.N.A is then fed via screw pump to batch centrifuge. Wet O.N.A
is then dried in Tray dryer and dried O.N.A is pulverized in hammer mill to get product
O.N.A in power form. Reaction conditions are Temperature – 169oC, Pressure=41kgf/cm2.
Draw Block flow diagram and Process Flow for this process.
Scrubber
NH3
Molten
Batch
Mechanically
H2O
Slurry
Tray reactor
ONA - 1
DriedDrier
Centrifuge
ONA
sol.
ONCB
agitated vessel

4) Draw IS3232 symbols of the below mentioned equipments: (i) Plate heat exchanger,
(ii) Raptured disc and (iii) Dust collector.
Ans: (i) Plate heat exchanger
(ii) Raptured disc

(iii) Dust collector

iV) Centrifugal Pump

5) Draw IS3232 symbols of the below mentioned equipments: (i) Possitive Displacement
Pump, (ii) Y- type strainer and (iii) Dust collector iv) Centrifugal pump.

Ans: (i) ) Plunger Pump


(ii) Y-Type Strainer

(iii) Dust collector

iV)Centrifugal pump.

6) Separation of n-Butanol-water is carried out in two steps process. The Process starts by
charging the original mixture (fresh feed) to a decanter which operates at a temperature
below the boiling point. The butanol-rich phase from the decanter is fed to a stripping
column which produces high purify alcohol as the bottom product and an overhead vapor
which approaches the azeotropic composition. The aqueous phase is fed to the second
stripper which produces butanol free water as a bottom product. Since water is the
product, open stream can be used to provide reboil vapor. The aqueous column also
produces a top vapor which approaches the azeotropic composition. Both overhead vapor
streams are condensed in a common condenser and then fed to the decanter along with the
fresh feed. Draw Block flow diagram and Process Flow for this process.
Decanter
Butanol
Pure
H2O
Aquous
Aqueous Column
Waterbutanol
reach
phase
column
phase

7) Draw UBD for steam generation


Ans:
8) Draw UBD for chilled water.

Ans:
Chilled water supply

Header water
Chilling/
Condenser-2
Condenser-1
Chilled Refrigeration
Return
plant
Header CHW CHW

Q.4 Draw UBD for DM water.


Ans:

Q.5 State the terms ULD and UBD with examples. Also state various utilities commonly used
in a process plant.
Ans: (i) ULD
A utility flow diagram (UFD) is a special type of process flow diagram. It is
a schematic representation of the energy utility systems within a process plant, showing all
lines and other graphic means required for the representation of transport, distribution, and
collection of forms of energy.

(ii) UBD

Various utilities commonly used in industry are:


 Cooling water
 Steam
 Flue gas
 Oils (used for heating)
 Electricity

Q.6 Sketch the IS3232 symbols for: (i) Process vessels, (ii) Storage tank and (iii) Conveyors.
Ans: (i) Process vessels
 Horizontal drum:

 Vertical drum

 Jacketed vessel
 Evaporator

 Crystallizer

(ii) Storage tank


 Fixed roof

 Float holder
 Wet seal

 Dry seal

 Gas cylinder
(iii) Conveyors
 Belt conveyor

 Scraper conveyor

 Vibrating conveyor
 Screw conveyor

You might also like