Scribd
Upload
5 views19 pages

Tuan2 - Digital Sensors

The document provides an introduction to industrial sensors, including definitions, types of sensors such as mechanical limit switches, proximity sensors, and optical, inductive, and capacitive proximity sensors. It discusses the need for sensors in automation and gives examples of their applications.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Thanh Lau
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views19 pages

Tuan2 - Digital Sensors

The document provides an introduction to industrial sensors, including definitions, types of sensors such as mechanical limit switches, proximity sensors, and optical, inductive, and capacitive proximity sensors. It discusses the need for sensors in automation and gives examples of their applications.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Thanh Lau
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

1

Proximity
– Mechanical
– Optical
Industrial Sensors – Inductive
– Capacitive

Position/Velocity
– Potentiometer
– LVDT
– Encoders
– Tachogenerator

Force/Pressure
Vibration/acceleration
Introduction to Sensors 2

 In manual, processes are controlled by human.


 Ex: If water tank fulls then push Stop button to stop the pump
 If motor overloads then push Error button to stop the system
 Automatic processes need to use sensors.
 Sensor is device that converts physical signal into discrete or
continuous voltage or current values.
 Physical signals: an object appears, the door open, temperature,

weight, pressure, liquid level, …


 Discrete values: 0V, 24V

 Continuous values: 0 .. 5V, 0 .. 10V, 0 .. 20mA, 4 .. 20mA


Need for Sensors 3

 Sensors are omnipresent.


 They embedded in our bodies, automobiles, airplanes, cellular
telephones, radios, chemical plants, industrial plants and
countless other applications.
 Without the use of sensors, there would be no automation !!!
 Imagine having to manually fill water bottles
Video Clip:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1edAlno-1jVaGRTwOEfEhTazRR-
nQHjyS/view?usp=sharing
Definitions 4

 Accuracy: The agreement between the actual value and the measured
value
 Resolution: The change in measured variable to which the sensor will
respond
 Repeatability: Variation of sensor measurements when the same quantity
is measured several times
 Range: Upper and lower limits of the variable that can be measured
 Sensitivity and Linearity
Choosing a Sensor 5
Mechanical Limit Switches 6

 Essentially a mechanical
switch
 On/Off operation only
 Two general modes
– Normally Open (NO)
– Normally Closed (NC)
 Come in a wide variety of
mechanical forms
 For a wide range of use
Example Mechanical Limit Switches 7
Use Mechanical Limit Switches 8

 Use:
 Where physical contact is possible
 Where definitive position is required
 In operation-critical or safety-critical situations
 Where environment conditions preclude the use of optical or inductive sensors
 Applications:
 Easy to integrate into machinery of all types
 Requires contact (thus wear)
 Range of voltages: DC 0-1000V, AC, etc.
 Very robust (explosion proof if required)
 Usually used as:
– Limit switch
– Presence/absence indicator
– Door closed/open
Proximity Sensors 9

 Widely used in general industrial automation


– Conveyor lines (counting, jam detection, etc)
– Machine tools (safety interlock, sequencing)
 Usually digital (On/Off) sensors detecting the presence or absence of
an object
 Consist of:
– Sensor head: optical, inductive, capacitive
– Detector circuit
– Amplifier
– Output circuit: TTL, solid state relay
Optical Sensor 10

 Use light to sense objects


 Including a light Transmitter and Receiver
 All sensors function in the same basic manner
 Differences are in the way which the light transmitter and receiver are
packaged
 Light sensing – Light ON:
- The output is energized (ON) when received light
 Dark sensing – Dark ON:
- The output is energized (ON) when not received light
 NPN or PNP output
Basic Manner 11
Types of Reflection 12
Output Circuit 13
Applications 14
Proximity Sensors 15

 Inductive Proximity Sensor: use change in local magnetic field to


detect presence of metal target
 Capacitive Proximity Sensor: use change in local capacitance caused
by metallic or non-metallic objects
 No physical contact required
 Sensing distance: < 20mm
 NPN or PNP output
Inductive Sensor Principles 16

Coil inductance increases


as metal object gets closer
Capacitive sensor Principles 17

Capacitance increases as metal or non-metal


object gets closer
Because capacitance path C2 and C3 added C1
is always present
Output Circuits 18

NPN Output

PNP Output
Applications of Proximity Sensors 19

You might also like