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IGCSE Math Revision Notes

The document provides information on various mathematical topics including numbers, sequences, algebra, graphs, geometry, trigonometry, and statistics. Specific concepts covered include fractions, HCF and LCM, arithmetic sequences, quadratic sequences, solving equations, simultaneous equations, functions, gradients, trigonometric ratios, and probability.

Uploaded by

ISHAN MAHENDRU
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528 views100 pages

IGCSE Math Revision Notes

The document provides information on various mathematical topics including numbers, sequences, algebra, graphs, geometry, trigonometry, and statistics. Specific concepts covered include fractions, HCF and LCM, arithmetic sequences, quadratic sequences, solving equations, simultaneous equations, functions, gradients, trigonometric ratios, and probability.

Uploaded by

ISHAN MAHENDRU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMBER

 Arithmetic
Fractions
 Number Facts
HCF & LCM

2 80, 50

5 40, 25

8, 5

Quick Method
HCF = 2 x 5
= 10

LCM = 2 x 5 x 8 x 5
= 400
SEQUENCES
A sequence is a collection of terms arranged in a specific order, where each
term is obtained according to a rule.

Arithmetic sequences
In an arithmetic sequence there is a common difference (d) between
successive terms.

nth term: tn = t1 + d(n - 1)

tn = 3 + 3(n - 1)
= 3 + 3n - 3
= 3n

OR
Quadratic Sequence

The row of 2nd differences is constant, and so the rule for the nth term is
therefore a quadratic which takes the form
tn = an2 + bn + c.
By substituting the values of n into the rule, each term can be expressed in
terms of a, b and c as shown:

Comparing the two tables, the values of a, b and c can be deduced:


2a = 4 therefore a = 2
3a + b = 7 therefore 6 + b = 7 giving b = 1
a + b + c = 0 therefore 2 + 1 + c = 0 giving c = −3

The rule for the nth term, tn = an2 + bn + c can be written as


tn = 2n2 + n − 3.
Cubic Sequence

The row of 3rd differences is constant, and so the rule for the nth term is
therefore cubic which takes the form
tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d.

Therefore, the equation for the nth term is tn = n3 − 4n2 + 3n − 6.


Exponential Sequence

tn = arn - 1 where a is the first term and r is the common ratio.


tn = 2 x 2n - 1
= 2n
Approximations and Estimation,Standard Form

Approximations
 Measurements and Bounds

Rule

Addition
Upper bound UB of a + b = UB a + UB b
Lower bound LB of a + b = LB a + LB b

Subtraction
Upper bound UB of a - b = UB a - LB b
Lower bound LB of a - b = LB a - UB b

Multiplication
Upper bound UB of a x b = UB a x UB b
Lower bound LB of a x b = LB a x LB b

Division
Upper bound UB of a ÷ b = UB a ÷ LB b
Lower bound LB of a ÷ b = LB a ÷ UB b
 Estimation

 Standard Form
 Ratio and Proportion

Ratio

Proportion
Foreign Exchange
Area Scale

1 cm = 1000 cm
1 cm = 10 m
1 cm2 = 102 m2
1 cm2 = 100 m2
? = 5000 m2

Area in cm2 = 5000 ÷ 100


= 50 cm2


Percentages

Percentage : Increase or Decrease

Old Price New Price


100 - 10 ( reduced by 10%)
100 90
2400 ?
New price = 2400 x 90
100
= $2160
Profit / Loss

Cost Price Selling Price


100 - 5 (5% loss)
100 95
? 2280

Cost Price = 2280 x 100


95
= $ 2400

Total value of Investment, A = P + I


Example

n
A=P 1+r
100
3
= 15000 1 - 15
100

= $ 9211.875

 Speed, Distance and Time


 SETS
ALGEBRA
 Brackets and Simplifying
Linear Equations
Word Problems
 Simultaneous Equations
Word Problems
 Factorising
 Quadratic Equations
 Completing the Square Method

Method:Halve the co-efficient of x, and then add and subtract its square
In this case, half of 6 is 3, then add and subtract 32
x2 - 6x +32 - 32+7=0, then as solved above
Word Problems
 Non-Linear Simultaneous Equations
 Algebraic Fractions
 Changing the Subject of the formula
 Variation
 Indices
 Inequalities
 Graphical Display

 Linear Programming
 Functions
Graphs
 Drawing Accurate Graphs

 Gradients
Gradient, between two points, ( x1,y1 ) and (x2,y2)
m = y2 - y1
x2 - x1
 The form y = mx + c
 Plotting Curves
 Graphical Solution of Equations
 Differentiation
 Turning Points
Maximum or Minimum
Shape and Space
 Mensuration
 Geometry
PPT link( Symmetry)

Symmetry (Line or Symmetry (Planes Symmetry


Reflective).pptx of).pptx (Rotational).pptx
t
Similarity Criteria
AAA SSS SAS
 Constructions
 Trigonometry
 Trigonometry in Three Dimensions
 Sine Rule
 Cosine Rule
 Sine Curve
 Cosine Curve
 The Tangent Curve
Statistics
 Mean, Median, Mode
 Box and Whisker Plots
 Relative Frequency
 Probability using Venn diagrams
 Conditional Probability

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