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Tutorial Sheet 5 Solution

This document contains solutions to engineering mathematics problems involving partial derivatives and calculating percentage changes. It includes finding partial derivatives of multivariable functions, using partial derivatives to solve implicit equations, and calculating percentage increases/decreases when variables change. Maximum percentage errors are also determined.

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khavthompson
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23 views

Tutorial Sheet 5 Solution

This document contains solutions to engineering mathematics problems involving partial derivatives and calculating percentage changes. It includes finding partial derivatives of multivariable functions, using partial derivatives to solve implicit equations, and calculating percentage increases/decreases when variables change. Maximum percentage errors are also determined.

Uploaded by

khavthompson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 1 (MAT 2018)

TUTORIAL SHEET #5 (online) AY 2020 – 2021, SEMESTER ONE

SOLUTION

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. Find the first-order partial derivatives, and , of the following:
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Function, 𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
a) 𝑧 = 3𝑥 3 − 5𝑦 4 + 12𝑥 4 𝑦 3 9𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 3 𝑦 3 −20𝑦 3 + 36𝑥 4 𝑦 2
b) 𝑧 = 7𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑥 − 3𝑦) 28 cos(4𝑥 − 3𝑦) −21 cos(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)
c) 𝑧 = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑦)3 3(2𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦)2 3(−3)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦)2
d) 𝑧 = sin−1 (3𝑥𝑦) 3𝑦 3𝑥
√1 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 √1 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2
e) 𝑧 = 4𝑙𝑛(4𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) 4(4) 4(−2𝑦)
4𝑥 − 𝑦 2 4𝑥 − 𝑦 2
f) 𝑧 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑦𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥𝑦

2. Given 𝑧 = 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 4 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥 − 2𝑦), find the following:


a) 𝑧𝑥 = 5 + 3cos⁡(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)
b) 𝑧𝑥𝑥 = −9sin⁡(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)
c) 𝑧𝑦 = −12𝑦 3 − 2cos⁡(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)
d) 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = −36𝑦 2 − 4sin⁡(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)
e) 𝑧𝑦𝑥 = 6sin⁡(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)

dy
3. Use partial derivatives to find if y = f ( x) is determined implicitly by:
dx
a) 3𝑦 4 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑑𝑦 9𝑥 2 − 5
=−
𝑑𝑥 12𝑦 3 − 2
1
b) 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑦
3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 6𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 2 )
=−
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 2 − 2
c) 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 5
𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 5 = 0
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 6𝑦
𝑤𝑠 3
4. If 𝑦 = , find the percentage increase/ decrease in y when w increases by 2 percent, s
𝑑4

decreases by 1 percent and d increases by 1.5 percent.


𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑤𝑠 3 𝑑 −4 , = 𝑠 3 𝑑 −4 , = 3𝑤𝑠 2 𝑑 −4 , = −4𝑤𝑠 3 𝑑 −5
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑑
𝛿𝑦 =⁡? ? ?, 𝛿𝑤 = +0.02𝑤, 𝛿𝑠 = −0.01𝑠, 𝛿𝑑 = 0.015𝑑
𝛿𝑦 ≈ 0.02𝑤𝑠 3 𝑑 −4 − 0.03𝑤𝑠 3 𝑑 −4 − 0.06𝑤𝑠 3 𝑑 −4 ≈ −0.07𝑦
y decrease by approximately 7%.
kwl 3
5. The deflection at the centre of a rod is given by y = ; where k is a constant.
d4

Using partial differentiation, find the approximate percentage change:

a) in y if w increases by 1%, l decreases by 2% and d increases by 3%.


𝛿𝑦 ≈ 0.01𝑤𝑘𝑙 3 𝑑 −4 + (−0.02𝑙)3𝑘𝑤𝑙 2 𝑑 −4 + (0.03𝑑)(−4𝑘𝑤𝑙 3 𝑑 −5 )
≈ 0.01𝑦 − 0.06𝑦 − 0.12𝑦 ≈ −0.17𝑦
17% decrease in y.
b) required in ‘d’, if ‘w’ is increased by 2%, ‘l’ is decreased by 1% and ‘y’ is unchanged.
0 ≈ 0.02𝑤𝑘𝑙 3 𝑑 −4 + (−0.01𝑙)3𝑘𝑤𝑙 2 𝑑 −4 + (𝛿𝑑)(−4𝑘𝑤𝑙 3 𝑑−5 )
−0.01𝑘𝑤𝑙 3 𝑑 −4
𝛿𝑑 ≈ ≈ −0.0125𝑑
4𝑘𝑤𝑙 3 𝑑 −5
1.25% decrease in d.

2
If errors of  2.5%,  1.5% and  3% are possible in measuring w, l and d, respectively, find
the maximum percentage error in the calculated value of y.

𝛿𝑦 ≈ 0.025𝑤𝑘𝑙 3 𝑑 −4 + (0.015𝑙)3𝑘𝑤𝑙 2 𝑑−4 + (−0.03𝑑)(−4𝑘𝑤𝑙 3 𝑑 −5 )


≈ 0.025𝑦 + 0.045𝑦 + 0.12𝑦 ≈ 0.19𝑦

19% is maximum percentage error.

Prepared by Terry-Ann Russell ([email protected]) October 12, 2020

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