Demographics of Bihar

At t he 2011 Census, Bihar was t he t hird most populous st at e of India wit h t ot al populat ion of 104,099,452, nearly 89%
of it rural. It was also India's most densely populat ed st at e, wit h 1,106 persons per square kilomet re. The sex rat io was
918 females per 1000 males.[1] Almost 58% of Bihar's populat ion was below 25 years age, which is t he highest in India. At
11.3%, Bihar has t he second-lowest urbanisat ion rat e in India aft er Himachal Pradesh.[2]

Most of Bihar's populat ion belongs t o a collect ion of et hnic groups speaking indic languages. It also at t ract ed Punjabi
Hindu refugees during t he Part it ion of Brit ish India in 1947.[3] Bihar has a t ot al lit eracy rat e of 63.82% (73.39% for males
and 53.33% for females), recording a growt h of 20% in female lit eracy over t he preceding decade. According t o t he
2011 census, 82.7% of Bihar's populat ion pract ised Hinduism, while 16.9% followed Islam.[4] Bihar has highest fert ilit y
rat e of 3.41 in comparison t o t he ot her st at es of India.[5]
Population
Population by Age group (2001)[6]

Age Group Total Male Female

0–4 11006072 5623280 5382792

5–9 12804302 6705263 6099039

10–14 11063777 5970201 5093576

15–19 7190188 4028643 3161545

20–24 6323193 3180063 3143130

25–29 5908308 2894706 3013602

30–34 5549787 2713871 2835916

35–39 5077935 2576089 2501846

40–44 4153203 2213770 1939433

45–49 3461664 1778368 1683296

50–54 2711041 1543620 1167421

55–59 2069940 990011 1079929

60–64 2103909 1120743 983166

65–69 1354937 683656 671281

70–74 1029921 571438 458483

75–79 446860 233961 212899

80+ 565647 312207 253440

Age not st at ed 177825 103905 73920

All ages 82998509 43243795 39754714

Religion
Religions in Bihar 2011

Hinduism (82.7%)
Islam (16.9%)
Others (0.4%)

Religion in Bihar

Religion 2001[7] 2011[8]

Hinduism 69,076,919 86,078,686

Islam 13,722,048 17,557,809

Christ ianit y 53,137 129,247

Buddhism 18,818 25,453

Sikhism 20,780 23,779

Jainism 16,085 18,914

Ot her 52,905 13,437

Not st at ed n/a[a] 252,127

Tot al 82,998,509 104,099,452

Religion in Bihar (%)

Religion 2001[7] 2011[8]

Hinduism 83.22 82.69

Islam 16.53 16.87

Christ ianit y 0.06 0.12

Buddhism 0.02 0.02

Sikhism 0.03 0.02

Jainism 0.02 0.02

Ot her 0.06 0.01

Not st at ed n/a[b] 0.24

As per recent ly released Bihar cast e-based survey 2022, Hinduism is pract ised by 81.99% and Islam is followed by
17.70%.[9]
Caste and ethnic groups
As per Bihar government ’s Bihar cast e-based survey 2022 report , released on 2 Oct ober 2023, showed t hat ext remely
backward classes (EBCs) account for 36.01 percent of t he 13.07 crore populat ion of t he st at e.[10][11] OBCs, EBCs
t oget her account for 63% of t ot al populat ion of Bihar.[12][13]

Caste Groups of Bihar [14][15]

Caste Groups Population[16] (%)

OBC 27.12%

EBC 36.01%

Dalit s(SCs) 19.65%

Forward cast e 15.52%

Adivasis(STs) 1.68%

Caste Population Percentage

Yadav 18,650,119 14.2666%

Kushwaha (Koeri) 5,506,113 4.212%

Kurmi 3,762,969 2.8785%

Brahmin 4,781,280 3.6575%

Teli 3,677,491 2.8131%

Mallah (Nishad) 3,410,093 2.6086%

Nonia 2,498,474 1.9112%

Kanu 2,892,761 2.2129%

Bania 3,026,912 2.3155%

Bhumihar 3,750,886 2.8693%

Rajput 4,510,733 3.4505%

Dushadh 6,943,000 5.3111%

Musahar 4,035,787 3.0872%

Kayast ha 785,771 0.6011%

Ravidas 6,869,664 5.255%

As per, 2011 Census of India , Scheduled Castes
constitute 16% of Bihar's 104 million population.[17]
The census identified 21 of 23 Dalit sub-castes as
Mahadalits.[18] Mahadalit community consists of
the following sub castes - Bantar, Bauri, Bhogta,
Bhuiya, Chaupal, Dabgar, Dom (Dhangad), Ghasi,
Halalkhor, Hari (Mehtar, Bhangi), Kanjar, Kurariar,
Lalbegi, Musahar, Nat, Pan (Swasi), Rajwar, Turi,
Dhobi, Pasi, Chamar and Paswan (Dusadh).[19]
Paswan caste was initially left out of the
Mahadalit category.[20][21][22] Adivasis (Scheduled
Tribes) constitute around 1.3% of Bihar
population.[23][24] Tribals include Gond, Santhal and
Tharu communities in Bihar.[25][26]
Extremely Backward Class (EBCs) are also
sometimes referred to as Most Backward
Class(MBCs). There are 130-odd EBC castes in
Bihar.[27][28][29]
Languages

Languages of Bihar (2011)[30]

Hindi (25.54%)
Bhojpuri (24.86%)
Maithili (12.55%)
Magahi (10.87%)
Urdu (8.42%)
S urjapuri (1.78%)
Others (15.98%)

Hindi and Urdu are t he official languages of t he st at e, whilst t he majorit y of t he people speak one of t he Bihari languages
– Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Mait hili or Angika. Mait hili is also one of t he recognised regional languages of India as per t he Eight h
Schedule of t he Const it ut ion of India. Proponent s have called Bhojpuri, Magahi, Bajjika and Angika t o receive t he same
st at us.[31][32][33]
Education
Education in Bihar (2001)[34]

Level Persons Male Female

Lit erat e wit hout educat ional 1,715,049 1,109,731 605,318

Below Primary 7,890,329 4,754,137 3,136,192

Primary 8,334,709 5,130,917 3,203,792

Middle 4,390,226 3,012,151 1,378,075

Secondary 4,751,560 3,439,918 1,311,642

Higher Secondary 1,826,093 1,385,282 440,811

Technical Diploma 24,989 20,088 4,901

Non-t echnical Diploma 48,532 40,458 8,074

Graduat e & above 2,109,415 1,737,651 371,764

Unclassified 18,675 14,043 4,632

Bihar has a t ot al lit eracy rat e of 69.83%. Overall Male and Female lit eracy rat e is 70.32% and 53.57% respect ively.[35]
Tot al Rural lit eracy rat e is 43.9%. In rural areas of Bihar, Male and Female lit eracy rat e is 57.1 and 29.6 respect ively. Tot al
Urban lit eracy rat e is 71.9. In urban areas of Bihar, Male and Female lit eracy rat e is 79.9 and 62.6 respect ively. .[36] Tot al
number of lit erat es in Bihar is 3,16,75,607 which consist s 2,09,78,955 Male and 1,06,96,652 Female. Pat na has highest
Lit eracy Rat e of 63.82% followed by Roht as (62.36%) and Munger (60.11%). Kishanganj has lowest Lit eracy Rat e of
31.02% followed by Araria (34.94%) and Kat ihar (35.29%).

Economics
Districts
Districtwise Demographics (2001)[37]

Growth Growth
Total Male Female Sex Sex Population Population
Districts Rate Rate
Population Population Population Ratio Ratio density density
of Bihar 1981– 1991-
2001 2001 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
91 01

West
3,043,044 1,600,853 1,442,191 18.30 30.40 877 901 446 582
Champaran

East
3,933,636 2,072,350 1,861,286 25.46 29.27 883 898 767 991
Champaran

Sheohar 514,288 271,261 243,027 27.34 36.16 876 896 853 1,161

Sit amarhi 2,669,887 1,410,149 1,259,738 23.13 32.58 884 893 915 1,214

Madhubani 3,570,651 1,837,361 1,733,290 21.76 26.08 932 943 809 1,020

Supaul 1,745,069 908,855 836,214 23.45 29.95 904 920 557 724

Araria 2,124,831 1,108,924 1,015,907 26.69 31.84 907 916 569 751

Kishanganj 1,294,063 666,910 627,153 22.20 31.50 933 940 522 687

Purnia 2,540,788 1,325,794 1,214,994 23.76 35.23 903 916 582 787

Kat ihar 2,389,533 1,244,943 1,144,590 27.77 30.91 909 919 597 782

Madhepura 1,524,596 796,272 728,324 22.16 29.45 885 915 659 853

Saharsa 1,506,418 788,585 717,833 25.54 33.03 884 910 665 885

Darbhanga 3,285,473 1,716,640 1,568,833 25.04 30.85 911 914 1,102 1,442

Muzaffarpur 3,743,836 1,941,480 1,802,356 25.30 26.74 904 928 931 1,180

Gopalganj 2,149,343 1,072,151 1,077,192 25.12 26.11 968 1,005 838 1,057

Siwan
2,708,840 1,332,218 1,376,622 22.04 24.78 1,017 1,033 978 1,221
dist rict

Saran 3,251,474 1,654,428 1,597,046 23.44 26.37 963 965 974 1,231

Vaishali 2,712,389 1,412,276 1,300,113 29.08 26.39 921 921 1,054 1,332

Samast ipur 3,413,413 1,771,249 1,642,164 28.35 25.63 926 927 936 1,175

Begusarai 2,342,989 1,226,057 1,116,932 24.61 29.11 898 911 946 1,222

Khagaria 1,276,677 675,501 601,176 28.44 29.32 868 890 664 859

Bhagalpur 2,430,331 1,294,192 1,136,139 20.67 27.24 864 878 743 946

Banka 1,608,778 843,061 765,717 24.44 24.47 893 908 428 533
 Growth Growth
Total Male Female Sex Sex Population Population
Districts Rate Rate
Population Population Population Ratio Ratio density density
of Bihar 1981– 1991-
2001 2001 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
91 01

Munger 1,135,499 604,662 530,837 17.79 20.34 856 878 665 800

Lakhisarai 801,173 416,727 384,446 21.08 23.94 880 923 526 652

Sheikhpura 525,137 273,468 251,669 19.84 24.96 896 920 610 762

Nalanda 2,368,327 1,236,467 1,131,860 21.73 18.64 898 915 848 1,006

Pat na 4,709,851 2,514,949 2,194,902 19.84 30.17 867 873 1,130 1,471

Bhojpur 2,233,415 1,175,333 1,058,082 20.26 24.58 904 900 725 903

Buxar 1,403,462 738,239 665,223 18.63 29.03 884 901 670 864

Kaimur 1,284,575 673,556 611,019 24.20 30.64 884 907 292 382

Roht as 2,448,762 1,282,655 1,166,107 21.77 27.71 894 909 498 636

Jehanabad 1,511,406 783,960 727,446 19.43 28.64 919 928 749 963

Aurangabad 2,004,960 1,035,757 969,203 24.49 30.19 915 936 466 607

Gaya 3,464,983 1,789,231 1,675,752 23.92 30.03 922 937 536 696

Nawada 1,809,425 928,638 880,787 23.70 33.08 936 948 545 726

Jamui 1,397,474 728,812 668,662 21.90 32.90 903 917 339 451

Miscellaneous statistics
As of 2001, Bihar had 212,015 int ernat ional migrant s[38] and 1,619,031 int er-st at e migrant s.[39]

See also

Bihar caste-based survey 2023 India

portal
Demographics of India
Demographics of Asia
References
Notes

a. The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people

who did not specify their religion

b. The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people

who did not specify their religion
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