Review On Algebra Oct2022

Business
Mathematics
(MAT112)
Fundamental concept of
mathematics
 Review on Algebra
 Fractions
 Decimals
 Percentage
 Linear Equations
 Sequence
 Arithmetic
 Geometric
Fractions
a
 A fractions is a number that can be written in the form of where a and b
1 b
are natural numbers. For example, which is read as 1 out of 4, means 1
4
part from a whole of 4 parts. There are 3 types of fractions namely:
 Proper fractions
1
Fractions where the numerator is smaller than the denominator. Eg:
2
 Improper fractions
3
Fractions where the denominator is greater than the numerator. Eg:
2
 Mixed fractions
1
Fractions contains both an integer and a proper fractions. Eg: 2
5
Decimals
1. Integers – Integers have no digit to the right of the decimal point
Examples of integers
 -21, 2, 40
 245 – 5 stands for units (ones)
4 stands for tens
2 stands for hundreds
 245 represents the sum of 2 hundreds, 4 tens and 5 unit or 200 + 40 + 5
Percentage
Converting Fractions to Decimals
 Converting fractions to decimals – A fraction is expressed as a
decimal by dividing the numerator by the denominator
 Example: Express the following fractions as decimals
3
a)  0.75
4
3 11
b)1   1.375
8 8
Converting Decimals to Fractions
 Example: Express the following fractions as fractions
46 23
a) 0.46 = 0.46 is forty-six hundredths. Thus, 0.46 = 
100 50
b) 1.66 = 1.66 is one and sixty-six hundredths. Thus, 1.66 =

66 66 166 83
1 1  
100 100 100 50
Converting Fractions to Percentage
 Example: Express the following fractions as percentage
2 3
a) b)
3 8
2 3
  100%   100%
3 8
200 300
 %  %
3 8
 66.67%  37.5%
Fractions and percentages
1. Complete the following table
Fraction Decimal Percentage
2.35%
5
8
3.62
2. Find the value of
a) 5% of RM25 c) 5.5% of RM14,000
b) 4% of 70km d) 140% of 1500 litres of milk
3. Find the value of
a) 60% of 40kg b) 120% of x is RM35 c) 4.75% of x is 57km
d) 15.5% of x is 62m e) 10% of x is RM9
4. A pair of shoes costs RM250 and Ali would like to sell them at RM450.
a) How much profit would Ali make?
b) What is the percentage of profit compared to the cost price?
5. A leather handbag was sold at RM420. During a promotion, a discount of 20% is

given. What is its new price?
6. Kassim’s salary is RM5, 238. If he is given a raise of 15%, then what is his new
salary?
7. A year ago the price of a MPV car was RM123, 000. Now its price has
depreciated by 15%. How much is the car worth now?
8. When a number, Y, is increased by 50% of itself, it becomes 150. Another

number Z when increased by 10% of itself becomes 55. Find the ratio Y : Z.
9. The total sales of a company for the year 2015 were RM58, 000 and the total
sales for 2016 were RM60, 000. Find
a) the percentage increase in total sales
b) the ratio of 2016 sales to 2015 sales in its simplest form
10. Puan Rogayah gets a commission of 25% for the first RM2,000 sales and 30%
for the balance of the sales. Find the commission that she gets if her total sales
are RM50, 000.
11. En Sufian received a 35% raise in his salary. If his salary was Rm16, 800 a
year, what was the amount of his raise?
12. In processing woollen goods, 105 pounds of wool were lost due to
shrinkage. If 355 pounds remained after the processing, what was the
percentage of decrease due to shringkage?
Linear equations
 Standard Form : 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0
 First degree equation, the highest power is 1.
 Has only one root
 Example: 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
Sequence
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
 Differentiate
between arithmetic sequence
and geometric sequence
 Compute the nth term, first term, common
difference, number of terms and sum of the first
n terms.
 Compute the nth term, first term, common
ratio, number of terms and sum of the first n
terms.
Arithmetic sequence
Arithmetic sequence
Arithmetic sequence Common difference(d)
a) 4,8,12,16,... 4
b) 7,5,3,1,… -2
c) -5,-9,-13,-17,… -4
d) ½,1, 1½,… ½
e) 25,20,15,10,… -5
f) 10,14,18,22,… 4
Example 1: Find the 12th term of the following arithmetic
sequence
a) 12, 5, -2, …. (T12 = -65)
b) 3, 9, 15, …. (T12 = 69)
Example 2 : The seventh term of an arithmetic sequence

is 27 and the twelfth term is 47. Determine the first term
and the common difference. Hence write arithmetic
sequence. (a=3, d=4, Tn=4n-1)
Example 3 : The third term of an arithmetic sequence is

20 and its tenth term is 3.8 times the third term. Find the
first term and the common difference? (a=3, d=8)
Example 4 : How many terms are there in the
following arithmetic sequence
a) 123, 129, 135, …, 255? (n=23)
b) 12, 17, 22,…, 67 (n=12)
Example 5 : The first term in an arithmetic

sequence is -10 and the last term is 50. If the
common difference is 5, find the number of terms
in the sequence. (n=13)
Example 1 : The first term in an arithmetic sequence is 10
and the last term is 82. If the common difference is 6,
find
a) Number of terms in the sequence (n=13)
b) Sum of all the terms in the sequence (S13=598)
Example 2 : Consider the arithmetic sequence 73, 67,

61, 55, …
a) Find the sum of the first 12 terms (S12=480)
b) Find the sum of the first 11 terms (S11=473)
c) What is the twelfth term of the sequence? (T12=7)
Example 3 : The sum of the first eight terms of an
arithmetic sequence is 164 and the sum of the first six
terms is 333. Determine the sequence.
Example 4 : How many terms of the arithmetic

sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, … must be added to obtain a
total of 300?
Example 5 : A farmer has 2100 ducks. He sells 10 ducks

at the end of the first week, 20 ducks at the end of the
second week, 30 ducks at the end of the third week
and so on. How long will it take the farmer to sell all his
ducks?

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Business

 Example: Express the following fractions as decimals

 Example: Express the following fractions as fractions

b) 1.66 = 1.66 is one and sixty-six hundredths. Thus, 1.66 =

5. A leather handbag was sold at RM420. During a promotion, a discount of 20% is

8. When a number, Y, is increased by 50% of itself, it becomes 150. Another

Example 2 : The seventh term of an arithmetic sequence

Example 3 : The third term of an arithmetic sequence is

Example 5 : The first term in an arithmetic

Example 2 : Consider the arithmetic sequence 73, 67,

Example 4 : How many terms of the arithmetic

Example 5 : A farmer has 2100 ducks. He sells 10 ducks

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