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Control5 2020 Block Diagram Manipulation

The document discusses block diagram manipulation techniques for control systems including combining blocks in series or parallel, moving summing points, and eliminating feedback loops. It provides examples of applying these techniques to reduce a block diagram representing a control system.

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Khong JunYonG
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20 views20 pages

Control5 2020 Block Diagram Manipulation

The document discusses block diagram manipulation techniques for control systems including combining blocks in series or parallel, moving summing points, and eliminating feedback loops. It provides examples of applying these techniques to reduce a block diagram representing a control system.

Uploaded by

Khong JunYonG
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

CONTROL SYSTEMS
Block Diagram Manipulation
Introduction
• After the dynamic system are represented
mathematically, the differential equations are
generated. Then, the input – output relation can
be represented by transfer function.
• The transfer function can further be deducted
from simplified block diagram or by manipulating
the signal flow graph.
Block Diagram Manipulation
• Series – block diagram reduction
s
r G1 G2 y

r G1 G2 y
or
r G2 G1 y
• Parallel – block diagram reduction
r G1 y
+
G2

r G1 + G2 y
• Closed Loop
e
r G(s) y
–
b H(s)

Simple equation manipulation:


b = H . y and e = r – b = r – H y
But,
y = e. G
Hence:
y = G (r – H y) = Gr – GHy
Rearranging:
y G
y (1 + GH) = r G TR = =
r 1 + GH
Trick! e
r G(s) y
–
b H(s)

Negative Feedback Transfer Function =


y G
=
r 1 + GH
Negative Feedback Transfer Function =
y Feedforward Transfer Function
=
r 1 + Feedforward.Feedback
Trick! e
r G(s) y
– ff
b H(s)
fb
Negative Feedback Transfer Function =
Examples
e
r y
–
b 10
Examples
e
r y
–
2
Examples
e +
r y
– +
Block Diagram Transformation
1. Combining Block in Cascade:

s
r G1 G2 y

r G1 G2 y
or
r G2 G1 y
2. Moving a Summing Point Behind a Block :
x1 G(s) x3
–
+
x2

x1 G(s) x3
–
+ G(s)
x2
3. Moving Summing Point Ahead of a Block :
x1 G(s) x3
–
+
x2

x1 G(s) x3
–
+
1/ G(s)
x2
4. Moving a Pickoff Point Ahead of a Block :
x1 G(s) x2

x2

x1 G(s) x2

G(s)
x2
5. Moving a Pickoff Point Behind a Block :

x1 G x2

x1

x1 G x2

x1 1/ G
6. Eliminating a Feedback Loop :
x1 G x2
–
+ H

G
x1 x2
1±GH
Example:
Reduction of Block Diagram
H2
–
R(s) + + + Y(s)
G1 G2 G3 G4
– +
H1

H3
Moving a Pickoff Point Behind a Block
H2
G4
–
R(s) + + + Y(s)
G1 G2 G3 G4
– +
H1

H3
Eliminating a Positive Feedback Loop :

H2
G4
–
R(s) + + G3 G4 Y(s)
G1 G2
– 1 – G3 G4 H1

H3
R(s) + G2 G3 G4 Y(s)
G1
– 1 – G3 G4 H1 +G2 G3 H2

H3

R(s) G1G2 G3 G4 Y(s)


1 – G3 G4 H1 +G2 G3 H2 + G1G2 G3 G4 H3

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