Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) Reviseed
Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) Reviseed
Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) Reviseed
Sub-Sector
Apparel
Occupation
Embroiderer
Reference ID: AMH/Q 1001, Version 2.0
SCPwD Reference ID: PWD/AMH/Q 1001, Version 2.0
NSQF level: 3
Hand Embroiderer
(Addawala)
https://youtu.be/MuJMt-LW0Uk
Scan QR code to access e-book
All Rights Reserved.
Second Edition
ISBN: 978-93-86620-59-0
Printed in India
Copyright ©
Disclaimer
The information contained herein has been obtained from sources reliable to AMHSSC. AMHSSC
disclaims all warranties to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. AMHSSC
shall have no liability for errors, omissions, or inadequacies, in the information contained herein, or
for interpretations thereof. Every effort has been made to trace the owners of the copyright material
included in the book. The publishers would be grateful for any omissions brought to their notice for
acknowledgements in future editions of the book. No entity in AMHSSC shall be responsible for any
loss whatsoever, sustained by any person who relies on this material. The material in this publication
is copyrighted by AMHSSC. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in
any form or by any means either on paper or electronic media, unless authorized by the AMHSSC.
Note: SCPwD
SCPwD has borrowed the qualification of Hand Embroider from
AMHSSC which is approved by NCVET in the 22nd meeting of NSQC on
25th August 2022 (Link of MOM
https://ncvet.gov.in/sites/default/files/MoM%2022nd%20NSQC%20he
ld%20on%2025%20August%202022.pdf
And uploaded on NQR WWW.nqr.gov.in
The book caters to the job role aligned to the following disabilities as
per the NQR codes mentioned below.
For LD- 2022/PWD/SCPWD/06389
For SHI- 2022/PWD/SCPWD/06390
iii
COMPLIANCE TO
QUALIFICATION PACK - NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
is hereby issued by the
APPAREL, MADE-UPS & HOME FURNISHING SECTOR SKILL COUNCIL
for the
We are especially thankful to Shahi Exports Pvt Ltd, Orient Fashions Exports (India) Pvt Ltd, Matrix Clothing Pvt
Ltd, Richa Global Exports Pvt Ltd, Modelama Exports Pvt Ltd, Numero Uno Clothing Ltd, FCR Kiran Modes and
M/S Khorania Brothers for their kind support in the development of this manual.
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Hand Embroiderer (Addawala)
Table of Content
S. No. Modules and Units Page No.
1. Introduction and Orientation 1
Unit 1.1 – Introduction to Hand Embroidery and Apparel Sector 3
Unit 1.2 – Role and Responsibilities of Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) 12
2. Plan and Organize the Process of Hand Embroidery (Adda) (AMH/N1010) 17
Unit 2.1 – Introduction of Materials and Equipment Required for Hand Embroidery 19
Unit 2.2 – Knowledge of Design & Color 31
Unit 2.3 – Preparation for Embroidery 36
3. Carry out the process of Hand Embroidery (addawala) (AMH/N1010) 47
Unit 3.1 – Carrying out Different Types of Stitches – Flat Stitches 49
Unit 3.2 – Carrying out Different Types of Stitches – Loop Stitches 56
Unit 3.3- Carrying out Different Types of Stitches – Knotted Stitches 62
Unit 3.4 – Introduction to Adda Work 66
Unit 3.5 – Waste Minimization 71
4. Embroider Decorative Designs using a Combination of Stitches & Work Styles 77
(AMH/N1011)
Unit 4.1 – Use Different Types of Hand Embroidery Techniques 79
Unit 4.2 – Make Different Types of Edges, Applique Work and Cut Work 84
Unit 4.3 – Common Embroidery Techniques in India 90
Unit 4.4 – Embroidery Defects and Their Rectification 118
5. Contribute to Achieve Quality in Embroidery Work (AHM/1003) 123
Unit 5.1 – Contribute to Achieve Quality in Embroidery Work 125
6. Maintaining Work Premises and Tools(AMH/N1004) 133
Unit 6.1 – Maintain Work Premises and Tools 135
7. Maintain a Healthy, Safe and Secure Working Environment with Gender and 141
PwD Sensitization (AMH/N1904)
Unit 7.1 – Maintain Health, Safety and Security at Work Place 143
Unit 7.2 – First Aid & CPR 159
Unit 7.3 – Sensitivity towards People with Disability and Gender Equality 170
8. Comply with Industry, Regulatory and Organizational Requirements and 177
Greening of Job Roles (AMH/N0104)
Unit 8.1 – Follow Regulatory and Company’s Rules 179
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Table of Content
S. No. Modules and Units Page No.
9. Soft Skills 189
Unit 9.1 – Introduction to the Soft Skills 191
Unit 9.2 – Effective Communication 193
Unit 9.3 – Grooming and Hygiene 196
Unit 9.4 – Development of Interpersonal Skill 198
Unit 9.5 – Social Interaction 202
Unit 9.6 – Group Interaction 204
Unit 9.7 – Time Management 206
Unit 9.8 – Resume Preparation 208
Unit 9.9 – Interview Preparation 210
10. Annexure – Resources 213
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1. Introduction and
Orientation
Unit 1.1 – Introduction to Hand Embroidery and Apparel Sector
Unit 1.2 – Role and Responsibilities of Hand Embroiderer (Addawala)
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Familiarise with Apparel Industry.
2. Familiarise with Embroidery and Hand Embroidery in India.
The textile industry is one of the oldest business options in India since the ancient age. Different types of textile
fibers are produced in India, among which cotton, jute, silk, and wool are the major ones. Both skilled laborers
and unskilled officials are needed to run this business smoothly. Thus, the textile and apparel industry serves as
the platform offering a huge number of employment opportunities to eligible people in India. A brief on complete
supply chain for apparel industry is shown as below.
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The Indian textile sub-sector has traditionally been contributing significantly to the economy and manpower as
well as to the structural changes in the manufacturing sector. Several factors that would contribute to the growth
would include:
• Rising income levels are expected to increase the demand for home textiles and garments from domestic
Consumers.
• Free trade agreements provide India a comparative advantage in the export segment as compared to its
competitors – China, Bangladesh and Pakistan – as they create opportunities for manufacturers to supply to
potential markets in East Asia.
• Low production cost continues to be an advantage for the sector and, consequently, demand from existing
foreign markets continues to increase.
• Structural changes in the sector, with a shift from vertically disintegrated to integrated large firms, with
automated machines for yarn and fabric production.
• Increased spending on research and development to enter the specialized fabrics and technical textiles sector.
• Favorable policy environment to support domestic and foreign investments and the implementation of
schemes to enhance the production capacity and improve technology.
Ready Made Garments
The ready-made garments segment comprises men’s, women’s and kid’s clothing, which may be used for either
private (home/office wear) or commercial (uniforms for school, waiters and flight crew) purposes. The ready-
made garments section has grown rapidly in the last few years. Both exports and domestic demands shall drive
sector growth in future.
• Men’s wear is the biggest segment in the ready-made garment segment, comprising about 43 percent of
its share in the total revenue generated. This is followed by women’s wear, with a share of 38 percent; 10
percent share of boys wear and 9 percent for girls wear in the total revenue generated by the ready-made
garment segment.
• Changing lifestyles and consumption patterns are expected to drive the sector’s supply of casual wear with
an 11 percent growth, which would drive demand for workforce with specialized skills in western formals
design, blended fabrics and increased application work on clothes.
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Indian is among one of the biggest exporters in Apparel and Made-ups industry. In Home Textiles India is second
only to China in global exports, whereas in apparels, India is among the top 10. , India is fast becoming one of
the leading global players in the Home Furnishings/ Textile. Home Furnishings industry offers wide varieties of
products like bedspreads, furnishing fabrics, curtains, rugs, cushion covers etc.
The Indian Home Furnishing industry provides a unique blend of
modern technology and ethnic techniques to bring out products
that are one of the best in the world. The increase in the spending
power of the Indian working class is also expected to contribute
in the growth of domestic consumption of made-ups and home
furnishings industry.
With increased demand and completion from countries like China, the demand of skilled workforce/kaarigars in
the Home Furnishings industry is bound to increase in coming years
Size of Indian Textile and Apparel Industry
In India, the Apparel industry is spread across the country. However, the distribution of the clusters depends on
the availability of raw material as well as the manufacturing. Cotton based units can be seen in all parts of the
country, while the synthetic and woolen based industries are mainly concentrated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab,
Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The silk-based industry finds concentration in
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu while, jute clusters are largely located in Bihar and West Bengal.
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Most of the apparel exporters (approx. 95%) are based out of Delhi NCR, Tamil Nadu Punjab, Rajasthan,
Maharashtra and West Bengal. Rest of the India accounts for remaining 5% of the apparel exporters.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain who is a Hand Embroiderer (Addawala).
2. Describe the roles and responsibilities of a Hand Embroiderer (Addawala).
A Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) embroiders decorative designs on fabric and other materials using needle and
thread. The hand embroiderer uses various techniques to create variety of embroidery stitches and effects such
as Bullion knot stitch, Cross stitch, English Hand Embroiderercking, French knot stitch, Applique work, Shade work
etc. The hand embroiderer should have the skills to stitch a variety of Loop stitches, Flat stitches and Knotted
stitches.
The key attributes of a Hand Embroiderer (Addawala) are:
• Good eyesight
• Hand-eye coordination
• Motor skills
• Vision which includes distance and near vision, colour vision, depth perceptions, peripheral vision, and the
capability to change focus.
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Resources
Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos.
Descriptions QR Codes
https://youtu.be/tN5oLGSjepQ
https://youtu.be/Q1tb_q1i6lA
https://youtu.be/hmVQB6Xs8SY
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Exercise
1. India is largest exporter of Apparel and Textile
a) 2nd
b) 3rd
c) 4th
d) 5th
2. The apparel and textile industry contributes percent to the country's GDP from domestic sector
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 10
3. Biggest segment in the ready-made garment is
a) Children’s Wear
b) Women’s Wear
c) Men’s Wear
d) Sport’s Wear
4. Which of these items comes under category of Home Furnishing and Made-ups?
a) Bedspreads
b) Curtains
c) Cushion covers
d) All of the above
5. What is the full form of PMKVY?
a) Pradhan Mantri Kushal Vikas Yogna
b) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yogna
c) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Vikas Yogna
d) None of the above
6. In which year SAMARTH Scheme launched?
a) 2015
b) 2016
c) 2018
d) 2021
7. India is largest exporter of Apparel and Textile
a) 2nd
b) 3rd
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c) 4th
d) 5th
8. Which of the followings are the types of hand embroidery:
a) Chamba Rumal
b) Kantha
c) Pipli
d) All the above
9. Which of these materials are used in embroidery?
a) Sequins
b) Beads
c) Pearls
d) All the above
10. Which of the followings are the key attributes of a hand embroider?
a) Motor Skills
b) Good eyesight
c) Vision
d) All the above
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AMH/N1001
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Identify the needles and their selection.
2. Discuss about different threads used in embroidery.
3. Recognize and learn about other tools used in embroidery.
4. Discuss about different types of fabric and their selection for embroidery.
5. Describe about embroidery hoops/frames.
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Needle Characteristics
• Needles are generally • The more closer the • The widt h or • Different • The shape
sized as in, the larger woven fabric, he diameter of needle-work of the eye is
numbers being kept for pointer the needle to the shaft can techniques another point
the thinner needles. pierce. be the same need a of difference
throughout dissimilar in the needles.
• As an example a size • For even-weave
the length of length. A These can be
24 tapestry needle is fabrics, such as
the needle or longer one round, long,
thicker than a size 26, Aida cloth, linen or
it can widen is essential elongated
which is used for 28 or canvas, one would
at various if you want or even Self-
32 count even-weave use a blunt. There
points. to wrap the threading. A
draperies. The thicker are even ball pointed
thread, but for round eyed
size 18 would be best needles for use on
suited for canvas work. speed, such as needle is
knitted fabrics for
when quilting, stronger any
example, jersey or
a short is any other type.
sweatshirt material.
suitable.
Fig.2.1.2: Needle Characteristics
2. Tapestry Needle: This type of needle has shorter shaft compared to the
Crewel needle, but with a longer eye and blunt tip. This needle is used
forneedle point, hardanger, blackwork or cross stitch on evenweave fabrics.
The long eye of the needle is used to take thick or multiple stands of floss or
wool for embroidering. Tapestry needles come in sizes 18-28.
Fig.2.1.4: Tapestry Needle
3. Chenille Needle: This type of needle has long eye related to that of the
Tapestry needle, but has a sharp point. This needle is thicker and
sturdier Compared to the other needles and is ideal for thick fibres and
abrasive fabrics. Chenille needles come is sizes 18-24.
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4. Milliner Needle: Milliner needle is also called the straw needle. It has
a smaller and rounded eye and a very long tube with sharp tip. The
eye and shaft of the needle are of identical size in this type of needle,
making Milliner needle most appropriate for working on anywrapped
stitches like bullion.
5. Ballpoint Needle: Ballpoint needles are used for lace work. There isn’t
any sharp tip in this needle type. The biro tips slips-up effortlessly
across the pattern deprived of piercing it, and also does not pierce the
threads making up the lace stitches. They have a round point, and are
of average length in sizes 3-9.
Fig.2.1.7:Ballpoint Needle
6. Beading Needle: Beading needles are very long and thin. These have
long eye and sharp point. These needles are good enough to pass
through the hole in a seed bead and elongated efor many beads to
be threaded onto them. Size 10-15 is in which they come.
7. Quilting Needles: These are also called betweens. These are round
eyed and have sharp points along with being short compared to
others. They are used by quilters for quick and even stitching. They
come in sizes 3-10.
Fig.2.1.9:Quilting Needles
8. Easy Thread Needle: These needles come with a special eye that is a
slot. The thread is pulled into the slot and these are used for overall
purpose work.
There is one more type of needle used by Adda Hand Embroiderers called
as Aari Needle.
It is the main tool of the Zardozi embroidery. It has a hook at the tip and
a wooden handle at the back. The needles are also available with an iron
and a plastic handle. Aari (needles) are available in different sizes and
Fig.2.1.11:Quilting Needles
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thickness, which may be selected according to the type of the fabric, design, type of thread and raw material
used. For fine fabric, fine Aari is used, while for a heavy fabric, a thick Aari is used. An Aari may be selected
according to the raw material also, for example Aari for zari, Aari for sitara or for dabka, etc. Thus, it can be
selected by the embroiderer according to his/her requirement, looking into all the aspects of embroidery work.
Aari resembles the shape of a crochet needle and is a pen-like needle. It forms an intrinsic form of artwork called
the Aari work.
• The needle hooks are made of iron;
• They are sometimes handcrafted;
• They do not damage the fabrics, even very fine fabrics, as they are filled properly;
• They look like crochet hooks but are still different from it.
• They are of different sizes according to the use. For example: hooks used to stitch silk and zari threads are
different in size from the hooks used to stitch sequins and beads. Aari plays a major role in embroidery work.
Embroidery Threads
Commonly used Embroidery Threads are:
2. Pearl Cotton: A finely twisted undivided thread with a silky shine is pearl
cotton. If you want to give the texture a lustrous finish this is it. It is available
in sizes 3, 5, 8 and 12, with larger the number, the finer the thread.
3. Silk Thread: These are synthetic threads that are shiny in dispositions.
These threads are usually packaged as a floss that can be separated
or single-ply threads such as braids, narrow ribbon or halographic
ribbon.
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4. Metallic Thread: These threads are a blend of rayon with hair-thin metal
strands, giving them a glossy and textured look. Metallic threads are also
available in floss, single ply or pearl cotton varieties.
5. Satin and Rayon Threads: Satin and rayon threads are synthetic threads
that are shiny like satin. These threads are usually packaged as a floss
that can be separated or single-ply threads such as braids, narrow
ribbon or halographic ribbon
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Fig.2.1.21: Scissors
Rotary cutter: The rotary cutter has a blade to cut easily and Hand
Embroidererothly through fabric. It’s used in different kinds of projects,
especially for quilting.
Pins: Pins are used to hold fabric together where it's supposed to be sewn and
to be adjusted as per the required fitting during alterations.
Pincushion: Pincushions are very useful in keeping the pins in order and in
place, it is usually in apple’s pumpkin’s or tomato’s shape.
Iron and Ironing Board: An iron is used to press fabric, seams open and make darts.
Your everyday iron is fine.
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Seam ripper: The name says it all: It's used to rip seams. Especially comes
in handy when you're a beginning sewer.
Pinking Shears: cuts a zigzag edge and is used for finishing hem edges,
seams, etc. It should not be used for cutting out a garment b'coz it will
not give an accurate cut line of the fabric.
Cutting Table: a flat board placed on a table where the fabric is laid out
and cut. The fabric can be pinned securely to the cutting board/table to
prevent it from slipping.
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Tailor's Chalk: A thin piece of hard chalk used in tailoring for making temporary
alteration marks on clothing.
Hand Needle: Hand sewing needles are available in varying sizes with
varying points. They guide the thread through fabric when you are
hand sewing.
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Bent neck, metallic Tweezer: Tweezers are small tools used for picking
up objects too small to be easily handled with the human hands
Pencils (HB, 2B, 4B): The graphite grading scales used to measure the
hardness of a pencil’s graphite core. The higher the number the harder
the writing core and the lighter the mark left on the paper.
Pick glass: Handy Reed Pick glass helps in checking the reed pick of
the fabric. It also helps in checking the weaving, dyeing & printing
defects in the fabric if any is made.
Figure 2.1.45: Pick glass
Needle threader: A needle threader is a device for helping to put thread through
the eye of a needle. Many kinds exist, though a common type combines a short
length of fine wire bent into a diamond shape, with one corner held by a piece of
tinplate or plastic.
Fabric Glue: It provide temporary or permanent ways to attach fabric without sewing.
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Surface ornamentation material (Beads, Sequins): Decorative material used for decoration of clothes.
Fig.2.1.51: Buttons
Hooks: are attached to garment with the help of needle and thread
Fig.2.1.52: Hooks
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Fig.2.1.55: Lace
Greyscale: It is used for maching colors in the sewed garment against the
specifications.
Fig.2.1.57: Greyscale
Thimble: It is a small hard cup warn for protection on the finger that pushes
the needle in sewing.
Fig.2.1.58: Thimble
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Familiar with - what is a design.
2. Describe the elements and principles of design.
3. Familiar with color wheel and characteristics of color.
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Point
Point is the simplest element of design. It is the smallest object
that turns a homogeneous space to a heterogeneous one. When it
is used in isolation it bestows a potent contrast between negative
and positive space. Contrary to this when they are used in
consortium it gives a perception of a connected positive space. A
point depicts a precise and limited location. For example, circular
shape of dot is adopted as an inspiration for designing electric
bulbs. It is also used in Indian culture in the form of traditional
auspicious symbol known as bindior bindu. It creates a strong
contrast with the background, which implies a strong identity and
approach. The points used in a regular repetition form a pattern or
design which is extensity used in apparel and lifestyle accessories.
Line
Line is an element of design characterized as a mark with length
and direction, created by joining points across a surface. Multiple
lines also create contours and shapes. Lines can be seen in almost
everything around us including leaves, roots, branches, water
waves, fish, birds, animals and man made objects. Line depending
on its use may recall, inform, describe and signify subjective
forces and arouse deep lying associations. Lines as pictograph
or ideograph (lines as writing), signify things, actions, concepts,
qualities and conditions across a spectrum of civilizations).
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Shape
When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines forming an enclosed space, a shape is formed. This is
an element of design, which is defined by its closed contours. Shape is an area or form with a definite outline
and a visible appearance and structure. It is also the way in which something is constituted in a framework. In
a composition the filled or solid portion is called positive space while space around the positive space is called
negative space. Both positive space & negative spaces are essential to see shapes. Shapes can be divided in three
categories based on their structures:
Organic Shapes: Free flowing, informal and irregular shapes are termed as organic shapes. Some examples of
organic shapes in nature are flowers, seashells and tree branches. Being basic and simple, organic shapes are
extensively used in lifestyle products.
Emphasis
Special attention given to one part of work of art
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Balance
To create impression of equality in weight or importance. The elements can be
arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically
Proportion /scale
The relationship between objects with respect to size, number etc.
Harmony
The arrangement of elements of design to give the feeling that all parts of the piece
form a coherent whole.
Rhythm/Movement
The use of recurring elements to direct the movement of the eye through the artwork.
Movement can be directed by means of shape and color
Fig.2.2.6: Principles of Design
• Monochromatic color: A Monochromatic color means a single color. It consists of tints and shades of the
same color e.g. on a pale blue kurta you may embroider sky-blue, dark blue and navy blue motifs or Lucknow
chikankari where white motifs are embroidered on white fabric. This kind of scheme is quite restful, easiest
to produce and is always successful.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Select fabric as per the embroidery.
2. Analyse design for embroidery.
3. Elaborate methods for transferring design on fabric.
4. Select appropriate needle and thread.
5. Learn how to adjust fabric on frame.
6. Analyse how to work with thread.
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If presoaking is required please presoak the fabric before embroidery. This will ensure the fabric will not shrink
afterward. Iron out creases before embroidery to make it easier to do the embroidery and later on stitching
evenly. You should leave ample room around the design before emboidery the fabric to allow finishing to be
done. Finish the edges of fabric to prevent them from unravelling.
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STEP 3: For transferring the design on fabric, first place the paper Fig.2.3.7: Heat pencil
against the fabric and then press using a hot iron and finally move to the next location.
Tip: Ensure that you do not iron by moving the iron back-and-forth along the paper, as this distorts the image.
Tracing with Light
If fabric is fairly thin, the transfer/tracing of the designs can be done directly on the fabric with help of a light
source like a window or light box. The outline is then marked using marking pencil.
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Back Tracing
• Take a design and drawn it on tracing paper.
• Use bold pencil (2B, 4B) on the back side of the design and go all over the lines of the design.
• The lines should be bold so that when you touch the backside of design carbon should come on the finger.
• Tape the tracing on the fabric so that back side of the design marked by pencil faces the fabric.
• Trace all lines using back side of the pencil.
• For geometrical or symmetrical design a quarter of it may be drawn on the tracing paper and then the sheet
can be folded into half horizontally and vertically and the design can be completed by tracing. This is the
simplest method and does not require any costly equipment.
Using Butter Paper
This is also called the perforated pattern. This can be a good permanent pattern, provided it is keep carefully.
• Trace the design on a sheet of butter paper. It is easily available in the market.
• With the help of a needle or sharp pin, make small holes along the design lines. You can also run an empty
sewing machine over these lines. Keep the holes close together.
• Mark the placements on the fabric and secure the tracing on it with common pins.
• Mix a small amount of powered blue (neel) in kerosene oil. The mixture should be like a paste.
• Dip a ball of cotton in the mixture and rub it over the perforations or holes.
• Remove the paper carefully and blow off any excess powder over the fabric.
Using a Template
A template is a shape which is cut out of card paper. A template can be used when you need to place a simple
design many times over a fabric.
• Take a sheet of card paper.
• Draw the shape carefully on it.
• Cut out the pattern with a sharp blade. Your template is ready to be used.
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• Place the template at the correct position on the fabric. Tape it securely.
• Draw the outline with a pencil. Now remove the tape and then the template.
Using Carbon Paper
Red, green, yellow, blue and white carbon papers are available in the market. Follow the steps to transfer designs.
• Place the fabric on a smooth, hard surface and anchor it with a tape
• Carefully place a carbon paper, carbon side down, between the fabric and the design, secure it with a tape.
• Place the design in the correct position and tape it in place.
• Trace the design with a dry ball-point pen. Use enough pressure to transfer clearly.
• Use white or yellow carbon on dark colored fabric and blue carbon on light colored or white fabric.
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Fig.2.3.12: Metallic screw opening that can be Fig.2.3.13: Final fabric attached
tightened or loosened by turning the screw
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Securing Thread
Thread “ends” and “beginnings” should always be firmly secured and inconspicuous. This can be achieved in a
number of ways. As you begin a hand stitch, the thread “beginning” should be secured by one of these three
methods:
1. Tying a knot
2. Taking a couple of very small stitches in the same location
Taking a stitch and locking it by looping the thread around the needle and pulling it secure.
Tie a Knot
When a knot is tied to begin a line of stitching, it should be very small, secure, and neat. To do this:
1. Moisten forefinger and grasp the thread near the end.
2. Wrap one end of the thread around the forefinger.
3. Allow about ¼-inch lap-over of thread.
4. With the thumb and forefinger, "roll" these threads together and off the finger.
5. With loop between thumb and forefinger, pull knot to the end of the thread to tighten.
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2. Taking a stitch and locking it by looping the thread around the needle. This technique is done by taking a very
small stitch and inserting your needle through the loop. Pull securely.
Sliding the needle between the layers of fabric (or behind a seam allowance) approximately ½-inch to hide the
thread ends. Bring the needle out to the surface of the fabric and snip thread close to the surface.
Resources
Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos.
Descriptions QR Codes
https://youtu.be/qK6HNiBecQI
https://youtu.be/MshxnTQW4qU
Principles of Design
https://youtu.be/9EPTM91TBDU
https://youtu.be/pxqdHBQfAw0
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Exercise
1. ––––––––––––– is most commonly used for tracing Embroidery Design
a) Tailor Chalk
b) Tracing Wheel
c) Carbon Paper
d) All the above
2. Which type of needle is used for cross stitch
a) Crewel
b) Tapestry
c) Chenille
d) Milliner
3. Which of these is a characteristic of a “Needle”?
a) Size
b) Point
c) Point
d) All of the above
4. Ball point needle is used for
a) Lace work
b) Beading work
c) Flat stitch
d) None on them
5. Which of these is an element of design?
a) Line
b) Shape
c) Form
d) All of the above
6. Which of these is an embroidery thread?
a) Floss
b) Pearl Cotton
c) Silk
d) All of the above
7. Which of the tool is used for back tracing?
a) Pen
b) HB Pencil
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c) Pouching
d) Heat
8. materials used to ornament or enhance garments
a) Rivets
b) Motifs
c) Laces
d) All the above
9. thread is most commonly used for chain Embroidery
a) Linen
b) Silk
c) Wool
d) Jute
10. How work flow can be maintained?
a) One production’s workflow should not affect the workflow of other production
b) All the production sections should work in synchronization
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
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AMH/N1010
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Recognise flat stitches.
2. Carry out different flat stitches like Running stitch, stem stitch, Kashmiri Stitch, cross stitch etc.
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STEP 1: Bring out the thread through A and take STEP 2: Note that the point C lies about half way
it in through B. Take the needle backwards through A and B. Also note that C lies on
and bring the thread out through C. Make top of the stitch A-B. So, all the subsequent
sure the point C lies over the stitch A-B stitch points will lie on top their previous stitch.
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STEP 3: Take the needle in through D. Try to mark STEP 4: The pattern of two stitches of the stem
D in such a way that the point B will lie half stitch will be as shown in figure
way through C-D. Bring the needle out through B
STEP 1: Bring the needle out through A and STEP 2: Bring the needle back through C, a point
put it in through B. So, that makes a very close to A. Continue this action over
stitch which covers a small area the two stitch lines
between the stitch lines
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STEP 1: Start by bringing out a thread (brown STEP 2: Keep the laid thread over the stitch line.
in the figure) for laying from one end of Use the other thread to fasten the laid
the stitch line. Keep it open. Now, bring thread down using a small stitch.
another thread (red in the figure) out,
a little outside the stitch line, and away
from the other thread.
STEP 3: After fastening, the stitch will look like STEP 4: Bring the fastening thread out as a short
distance from the earlier stitch. Lay the
as in the figure.
open thread over the stitch line, and
again fasten it down with a small stitch.
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STEP 5: Continue with this method for the STEP 6: A finished couched line will look like this.
entire stitch line. To finish up, pass the
laid thread through the fabric and knot
it. Make sure the fastening thread is
brought out at regular intervals to make
it look elegant.
STEP 1: Bring the needle out through A and STEP 2: Now put the needle in through D, which
take it diagonally across to B. Bring it lies vertically above B. You have made a
back again through C, which lies single cross
vertically below A
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STEP 1: Bring the needle out through the first stitch STEP 2: Now, the same procedure will be worked on
line at A. Now, take the needle in throughB, first stitch line. Take the needle diagonally
which lies diagonally across A on the second across to D and bring the needle backwards
stitch line. Then, take the needle backwards out through E
out through C, which lies near B.
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Analyze how a Hand Embroiderer does flat stitches.
Understand the different types of flat stitches such as; running stitch, back stitch, stem stitch, satin stitch,
kashmiri stitch, couching stitch, cross stitch, herringbone stitch and which type of stitch suits to different
fabrics.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Recognise Loop Stitches.
2. Carry out different loop stitches like chain stitch, button-hole stitch, blanket Stitch, fish bone stitch etc.
STEP 1: Bring the thread out through A. Put the needle STEP 2: Take the thread around the needle from
back in A and bring it out through the point B, left to right to form a loop
but don’t pull the needle out completely.
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STEP 3: Pull out the needle now to tighten the loop STEP 4: PuttheneedleinthroughB(nowinsidetheloop)
and you will get the first part of the chain. andbringitoutonC(outsideoftheloop).
STEP 1: Bring the needle out through A. Now, loop the STEP 2: Pull out the needle towards the top. This
thread around from left to right. Take the creates a small knot near the point B. Do not
needle in through B and bring it out from C. pull the needle downwards as it will not give
Keep the thread below the needle always the desired results
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STEP 1: To begin with, bring the needle out through STEP 2: Now, bring the needle out from a point very
point A, which is the top tip of line Y. Put it in close to A on the line X. Put it in through a point
through B, to make a single straight stitch. very close to B on line Y. Again pull out the
needlethroughapointveryclosetoAonlineZ.
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STEP 3: This procedure of putting in the needle STEP 4: Make sure all the stitch points lie close to
through X and Z alternatively will follow. Each each other to avoid any visible spaces.
time you will be connecting X-Y and Y-Z.
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STEP 1: Bring the needle out from A and put it in STEP 2: Tocreatethe‘Y’shape,weneedtomakeatail.
through B. Then, bring it out through C, which PutintheneedlealittlespacerightbelowC.
lies between and below A and B. Pull the
needle out from over the working thread, as
shown in the picture. this creates a ‘V’ shape.
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Analyze how a Hand Embroiderer does loop stitches.
stitch, feather stitch, fly stitch and which type of stitch suits to different fabrics.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Recognise Knotted Stitches
2. Carry out different knotted stitches like French Knot, Double Knot, Bullion knot etc.
STEP 1: Bring the needle out through A. STEP 2: Place the needle close to the fabric. Wrap
the thread around it twice.
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STEP 3: Keep the longer end of the thread pulled STEP 4: Pull down the needle through the fabric. You
with your fingers while putting the needle will see your first French knot formed.
back in a point just close to A or even through A.
STEP 1: Bring the needle out through the point A, STEP 2: Take the needle below the stitch A-B, without
which lies on the stitch line. Then, take the plucking the fabric underneath. The needle will
needle in through B, which lies on the be angled above or towards the left of the
stitch line too. Bring out the needle through point C.
C,apointstraightaboveandnottoofarfromB.
STEP 3: Take the needle under the stitch A-B. Only, this STEP 4: When we pull out the needle, the first double
time, the needle is angled below or towards knot is formed. For the nest knot by putting
the right side of the point C. Then, loop the in the needle through D on the stitch line and
bringing it out from E, just above the point D.
thread around the needle
Continue with the procedure as we did for the
first knot.
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STEP 1: Bring the needle out through A and put the STEP 2: Bring the needle out through A again. Then,
wind the thread around the needle as shown. The distance
needle through B at a desired length.
of wound thread should measure the same as the distance
between A and B. Too many or too less wraps will spoil the
stitch.
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Analyze how a Hand Embroiderer does knotted stitches.
Understand the different types of flat stitches such as; french knot, double knot, bullion knot and which type
of stitch suits to different fabrics.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain the Adda work
2. Discuss about the raw materials and tools used for adda work.
3. Demonstrate how to attach fabric to adda.
4. Perform the basic stitches in Aari/adda work.
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Aari (needle)
It is the main tool of the Zardozi embroidery. It has a hook at the tip and a
wooden handle at the back. The needles are also available with an iron and
a plastic handle. Aari (needles) are available in different sizes and thickness,
which may be selected according to the type of the fabric, design, type of
thread and raw material used. For fine fabric, fine Aari is used, while for a
heavy fabric, a thick Aari is used. An Aari may be selected according to the
raw material also, for example Aari for zari, Aari for sitara or for dabka, etc.
Thus, it can be selected by the embroiderer according to his/her
requirement, looking into all the aspects of embroidery work.
Aari resembles the shape of a crochet needle and is a pen-like needle. It Fig.3.4.2: Adda or hoop needle
forms an intrinsic form of artwork called the Aari work.
• The needle hooks are made of iron.
• They are sometimes handcrafted.
• They do not damage the fabrics, even very fine fabrics, as they are filled properly.
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Sequin work
Sequins are disk-shaped material used for ornamentation purpose
and are usually made from plastic. They are available in different
colours and shapes. Mainly, sequins have a hole in the centre.
Paillettes are sequin like and are commonly very large and flat.
Sequins can be attached while making loops of the chain stitch.
Sequins are put on the fabric attached to adda and while taking the
loop for chain, it is also taken in the loop. Sequins may be sewed flat
to the fabric, using Aari or embroidery needle so that they do not
shift, and are less likely to drop or they may be sewed at only one
point, so that they hang, swing and move very easily, to grab more
light. Some sequins are made with multiple facets, to increase their
reflective ability.
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Beadwork
It is an attractive art of embroidering small beads into a range of aesthetically pleasant patterns. In this type of
work, very small and uniform coloured beads are attached to delicate garments or other fabrics. Each bead is just
a part of a large design, and the overall design creates the impact, rather than a single bead. The artistry and the
skill depend on the design, construction and implementation of the article.
Fig.3.4.6: Beadwork
Bead embroidery of different areas can be recognized easily by the design, colour and size of the beads, and the
methods of its creation. This is done by Aari or fine hook needle, by adding beads in a chain stitch thread while
working on the fabric. In Aari work, the beads are stitched to the upper right side of the fabric where the loops
of the chain stitch are made. The thread is tied through each bead as the stitches are created. Once the Aari
embroidery is completed, it is carefully checked for errors and accidental defects or problems in order to achieve
zero defect final products. All the steps of manufacturing should be strictly supervised by experienced quality
control professionals, who ensure perfect execution of the task. One must make sure that the raw material and
end products fulfill the quality standards and safety norms.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain the waste management.
2. Ensure minimisation of waste.
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Few key points/techniques to ensure waste management are given in the table below:
4 Damaged material/tool In case tools/material are found to be damaged, the entire lot
should be checked to ensure that the other items are also not
damaged. If other items are also damaged, it should be reported to
the supervisor immediately
Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Analyze how a Hand Embroiderer manage the waste.
Know the various sources of waste in apparel/garment industry.
Understand how the different types of waste are managed.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Resources
Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos.
Descriptions QR Codes
https://youtu.be/BlpnAN6x394
https://youtu.be/DPMB56gzgMg
Waste minimization
https://youtu.be/uHFIHxUH_gw
Exercise
1. How would you ensure product meets specifications?
a) Meeting customer’s need
b) Meeting drawings created by the designer
c) Meeting dimensions
d) All of the above
2. Half, Quarter, Back are type of stitch
a) Cross
b) Tapestry
c) Shadow
d) Mirror
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3. Tapestry Stitch starts with an X shaped stitch that is embroidered using floss on an even weave fabric.
a) True
b) False
4. Stitch is also known as Canvas Work and is commonly used to produce items like wall-hangings.
a) Cross
b) Tapestry
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
5. Mirror work technique is also known as shisha (Hindi for mirror) or abla embroidery.
a) True
b) False
6. Which of the followings are the steps of making a Scallop Stitch?
a) Come up at point 1, and then go down at point 2, leaving the thread loose.
b) Go down at point 4, but not the same hole
c) Come up at point 3, catching the loop of thread
d) All the above
7. Hemstitch is used in drawn thread work.
a) True
b) False
8. Applique is an embroidery technique that features embroidered designs with spaces cut completely out of
the fabric.
a) True
b) False
9. White colour thread is used commonly in Embroidery
a) Kantha
b) Chikankari
c) Chamba rumal
d) Phulkaari
10. Chain, Buttonhole, Blanket and Feather Stitch are type of stitch
a) Flat Stitch
b) Loop Stitch
c) Knotted Stitch
d) None of the above
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4. Embroider Decorative
Designs using a
Combination of Stitches
& Work Styles
Unit 4.1 – Use Different Types of Hand Embroidery Techniques
Unit 4.2 – Make Different Types of Edges, Applique Work and Cut
Work
Unit 4.3 – Common Embroidery Techniques in India
Unit 4.4 – Embroidery Defects and Their Rectification
AMH/N1002
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Use and combine different hand embroidery techniques to creative decorative designs such cross stitch,
tapestry stitch, shadow work, mirror work, English Hand Embroiderercking.
2. Inspect embroidered products against specifications.
3. Identify and understand common factors and problems affecting embroidery.
• French Knot: The French Knot is a popular embellished stitch used in cross stitch to add detail. French knots
look great clustered together to create texture, or exclusively to serve as a centre of a flower, or eyes to an
animal on the design.
The method of Cross Stitching is explained in Section ’2.2.7. STEPs of Carrying out Cross Stitch’
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Tent Stitch
This stich is used when harder wearing formation is needed, such
as chair seat covers and other furnishing items. Tent Stitch is similar
to Half Cross Stitch and looks identical on the front of the canvas
showing small diagonal stitches. But the back of the canvas is much
larger with longer diagonal ‘stitches’ on the back of the canvas
Fig.4.1.3: Tent Stitch
Basketweave Stitch
It is also known as Diagonal Tent Stitch and look similar to half
cross and tent stitch. It is used to fill larger areas, for example the
background of a piece, but is not suitable for fine detail.
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On the back of the fabric, the resulting closely worked herringbone stitch (Section 2.2.8) forms a layer of criss-
crossing threads that shows through on the front of the fabric with just a hint of colour between the backstitch
outlines. Shadow work is mostly done of linen fabrics, as through the fabric the shadows shows through vibrantly.
STEP 1:In this technique, the small STEP 2:Duplicate the foundation
mirror is placed on the fabric stitches,butturned45degrees
and is secured with a crossing
of foundation stitches
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• Stem stitch: a tight stitch with least elasticity that joins two
columns of gathers at a time in single overlapping rows with a
descending slope.
• Outline stitch: similar to the stem stitch but with an upward
slope.
• Cable flowerette: a set of gathers worked in three rows of stitches
across four columns of gathers. Often organized in diagonally
arranged sets of flowerettes for loose Hand Embroiderercking
• Wave stitch: a medium density pattern that alternately employs
tight horizontal stitches and loose diagonal stitches
• Honeycomb stitch: a medium density variant on the cable stitch
that double stitches each set of gathers and provides more
spacing between them, with an intervening diagonal stitch
concealed on the reverse side of the fabric.
• Surface honeycomb stitch: a tight variant on the honeycomb
stitch and the wave stitch with the diagonal stitch visible, but
spanning only one gather instead of a gather and a space
• Trellis stitch: a medium density pattern that uses stem stitches
and outine stitches to form diamond-shaped patterns.
• Vandyke stitch: a tight variant on the surface honeycomb stitch
that wraps diagonal stitches in the opposite direction.
• Bullion stitch: a knotted stitch that joins various gathers in a
single stitch. Fig.4.1.6: Shadow Technique
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Understand different hand embroidery techniques like; cross stitch, tapestry stitch, shadow work, mirror
work, English Hand Embroiderercking to creative decorative designs such cross stitch, tapestry stitch, shadow
work, mirror work, English Hand Embroiderercking.
Inspect embroidered products against specifications.
Identify and understand common factors and problems affecting embroidery.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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UNIT 4.2: Make Different Types of Edges, Applique Work & Cut Work
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
• Make different types of edges like:
» Hem stitch
» Scallops
» Lace & rolled hem
• Carry out applique work.
• Carry out cut work.
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STEP 1: Bring the needle up in the fabric two STEP 2: Take the needle behind the two threads
threads down below the last empty line and out again to the front and pull the
next to your satin stitch band or your re- needle through.
woven edge.
STEP 3:Take the needle back behind the same STEP 4:Pull the needle through, and tighten the
two threads (so that the working thread stitch around the bunch of fabric threads
wraps around the two threads), angle
the needle down, and bring it up into the
fabric two threads down from the edge,
positioning the needle for the next stitch
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STEP 1: Take the edge of the fabric between the STEP 2: Enter the needle and let a couple of
index finger and thread. Squeeze and inches of the tail of the thread lay in
roll a little the part that would be rolled up and
take out with the needle about two
ground threads into the roll. Working
from bottom to top direction, enter the
needle into the withdrawn thread
channel four ground threads up from
where the exit in the roll and skipping
four ground threads
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The steps of applique work are explained below. Mostly blanket stitching is used in applique work, and the steps
involve using blanket stitch for applique work.
STEP 1: Prepare the piece you need to applique. Cut the piece to the size and shape you want. Leave the edges raw if the fabric doesn't
fray too much (or if it is the look as per the design)
STEP 2: Place the applique where it is required to be stitched on the main fabric. The stitching will happen from the front of the piece
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of an Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderers and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Analyze how a Hand Embroiderer make different types of edges like:
» Hem stitch,
» Scallops,
» Lace & rolled hem
Understand the out applique and out cut work
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
• Identify and understand Chikankari Motifs and Stitches.
• Identify and understand Phulkari Motifs and Stitches.
• Identify and understand Zari Motifs and Stitches.
4.3.1 Chikankari
The word ‘Chikan’ is derived from the Persian word ‘Chikin’ or ‘Chikeen’ which means a kind of embroidered
fabric. Chikankari is an ancient form of white floral embroidery, intricately worked with needle and raw thread.
It is centered mainly in the northern heartland of India, Lucknow. Chikan is primarily white embroidery on
white fabric, with mainly floral designs performed on fine white cotton with loosened threads of white cotton.
Chikankari is one of the most widespread embroidery work of North India. It is an ancient form of delicate floral
embroidery done intricately with raw cotton thread on the finest of fabrics. Conventionally, chikankari was done
on white fine muslin called Tanzeb.
Paisley
It is also known as Keri (raw mango) and is
termed differently in different languages.
• In Bengali, Kalka;
• In Tamil, Mankolam, or simply, mango
pattern;
• In Marathi, Koyari, or mango seed;
• In Hindi/Urdu, Carrey, or mango seed;
• In Punjabi, Ambi, or raw mango.
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Machli- Fish
This motif comprises of two fishes symbolizing
good luck.
Hindi-Urdu Flower
This representation of lyrical stylized flowersand
petals is influenced by the Ganga-Jamuni
tehzeeb.
Bel or Creepers
Bel motifs are very common in the Awadh
tradition of textiles and are an integral part of
Chikankari.
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Buta
Butais one of the most popularmotifs of Mughal
art, consisting of a floral spray with stylized
leaves and flowers. Buta, or Buti, motifs are
designed after a single flower or figure not as
part of a larger pattern. It is commonly used in
decorating buildings and paintings and in textile
enamels and other decorative arts.
Geometrical patterns
Geometrical patterns include vertical, horizontal,
diagonal or zigzag patterns and stripes. These
were used independently or to enclose a pattern
in compartments or closed figures called 'jaals.'
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Types of Embroidery Stitches The stitches in Chikankari are divided mainly into three heads:
• Flat stitches: These are delicate, subtle and lie close to the surface of the fabric giving it a very distinctive
textural appearance.
• Embossed stitches: These stitches are highlighted from the fabric surface lending it a characteristic grainy
texture.
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Types of Jaalis
Jaali work is the most striking feature of Chikan embroidery and creates a delicate net effect. The fabric is broken
into holes by teasing the warp and weft yarns and holding them in position using small stitches.
1 Madrasi jaali
This is a series of small holes, square in shape,
alternating with closed areas.
Makra
This is similar to the madrasi jaali. In this, the
holes are filled with diagonal intersecting threads.
Chataiya jaali
This is a checkered pattern formed with holes and
closed areas.
Bangle Jaali
In this jaali, the holes are smaller as compared
to the madrasi jaali. The holes are assorted in
parallel banks with alternate closed areas.
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Types of Darazdari
Darazkakaam is a unique way of assembling two pieces of a garment through seemingly invisible stitches that
are concealed. Tiny pieces of fabrics are cut out in different shapes which are applied either on the surface or
between the two surfaces and then outlined with fine stitches. All this used to be done by hand, including the
finishing of the edges and joining of the seams. It is visible only when seen against the light. Different motifs were
used for joining the seams such as phooldaraz and macchlidaraz.
4.3.2 Phulkari
Phulkari is the traditional art of making embroidered odhnis which are head drape or stoles used by women
in Punjab. “PHULKARI” means “flower working” or “flower embroidery”. This art form invented in Punjab as early
as the 15th century. This form of embroidery has more than twenty- three patterns which are skillfully
reproduced by craftspersons trained in this art for several generations. The word Phulkari is a combination of two
Sanskrit words phul (flower) and karya (to do). Therefore, phulkari means “to do flower work”. When useful to
folk embroidery, it represents for the ancient craft of embroidering flower designs with pure silk floss, called pat,
on a chaddar (women’s shawl) of plain rough hand woven pure cotton cloth, called khaddar (khadi).
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Miscellaneous articles Other Phulkari motifs are taken from rural life - For example, Shalimar, Charbagh and
Chaurasia Bagh depict the Mughals and other gardens. Bagh that was embroidered
with a red and yellow coloured flower was called Asharfi (mohur or gold coin) Bagh.
“Ike” (ace of diamond design) came from playing cards. There are Dhoop Chhaon (sun
light and shade), Lahriya (waves), Patedar (stripes), Chand (moon), Patang (kite), Saru
(cypress tree), Pachranga (five coloured), Satranga (seven coloured), Dariya (river) and
Shisha (mirror) patterns as well.
Fig.4.3.6: Phulkari Motifs
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Feather Stitch
Featherstitch is an embroidery
technique made of open, looped
stitches worked alternately to the
right and left of a central rib.
• Work vertically, from top to
bottom.
• Bring needle up at 1 and back
down to right at 2, leaving a loop
on the front.
• Bring the needle back up at 3 and
pull thread to shape loop as
desired.
• Insert the needle to the right of 4
at 5, leaving a loop of thread on
the front.
• Bring needle up at 6 and pull
thread to shape loop.
• Take next stitch to the left and
continue stitching.
• To finish, take a small stitch over
the last loop.
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4.3.3 Zari
The word “Zari” comesfrom the Persian word “Zarkas”, which means Gold Zari Embroidery. Zari embroidery art
was brought to India by Persian migrants between 1700-1100 BC.
In Zari work, lustrous metallic wire, traditionally silver wire coated or plated with gold, along with silk threads,
beads, beetle wings, precious stones, etc. were used for embroidery, unlike other embroideries where floss
silk/cotton/wool yarns were used. Many of the folk tradition of zari work also use mica, beads and cowries as
additional embellishments. But the use of semi-precious stones was restricted to zari work because of its opulent
style.
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KASAB – TIKI (karchobi) Kasab –tiki is done byusing gold Kasabzari and Tiki
or silver threads and spangles
(sitara). The stitches used in this
embroidery are running & chain
with which outline iscreated and
filled with the sequence (tiki). It
gives the shimmer look and is
also very light in weight.
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RUNNING CHAIN
STEM
SATIN
COUCHING
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Identify common embroidery defects.
2. Demonstrate how to rectify defects.
3. Describe some important tips for good embroidery.
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Wherever the larger area of stitching of beads is involved, the most time-efficient way to repair the damage
is to remove the beads. This is done by cutting the threads in several locations.
Hoop/adda should not be stretched too much; otherwise, it will damage the fabric. Hoop marks should
always be ironed after completion of embroidery work.
Use pointed small and sharp scissors carefully to cut the trims and extra loops. The leftover threads can be
After understanding the defects, like fabric damage, gapping, thick embroidery, etc., the students can rectify
them by doing embroidery stitches correctly. Ensuring the quality of embroidery near perfection in the final
product is essential for the overall look of the garment/product.
Ensure that the embroidery hoop (ring or frame) is fitted properly before starting the embroidery work.
For holding the fabric tight and stretched, wrap a ribbon around the inner ring, if the outer ring is loose.
the embroidery, holding the thread on the wrong side of the fabric and hiding it under the working stitches.
Students in the learning stage can make knots while doing embroidery.
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• Avoid putting pressure over the fabric, otherwise it may become loose in adda or frame.
• Keep all the embroidery tools and supplies handy in a box.
• Wrap the remains of the yarn and the thread on a piece of cardboard so that they can be reused.
• Keep the embroidery ring in a plastic bag so it doesn’t get dirty.
• Cover the incomplete embroidery on the frame with a clean cloth to keep safe and clean.
• Do not use very hot iron over the embroidered portion to avoid damaging it.
• Do not dry embroidered fabric in sunlight; otherwise the colours will fade away.
• Place the samples of the embroidery over the canvas. Attach in the file to preserve them.
• Keep zari work (silver or golden) thread away from perfumes or fragrance; otherwise, they become
discolored.
• Practice embroidery continuously to become more efficient and to be able to do a more intricate
embroidery work in less time.
• Carry out embroidery, preferably in the daylight, to avoid strain on the eyes.
• Use fast coloured threads for embroidery; otherwise, it will spoil both the embroidery as well as the fabric.
• Use lining material or backing as per the nature of the fabric to be embroidered in order to give it strength,
stability and durability.
Use needles of appropriate number to embroider.
• Chenille i.e., a sharp, pointed needle with thin and long eye is appropriate for stem stitches, lazy daisy
stitches, straight stitches, mirror work, etc.
• Crewel i.e., a sharp, pointed needle with round eye is used for French knot, bullion knot, etc. A round eye
needle is convenient to slip the yarn wrapped around it.
• Tapestry needles are blunt at their point or tip. They are used for matty cloth with cross stitch, open work
embroidery, wool embroidery, etc. As the point of the needle is blunt, it does not draw or stretch the thread
from the fabric.
Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of an Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderers and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Precisely understand the concept of different embroidery techniques in India like; Chikankari, Phulkari and
Zari and also their designs and motifs.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Resources
Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos.
Descriptions QR Codes
https://youtu.be/nlGX5a919t8
https://youtu.be/idd-aIUqCkI
Make a tapestry
https://youtu.be/47-feKAVF_c
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Exercise
1. Which of the these is / are common embroidery defect?
a) Fabric damage or needle holes
b) Fabric gapping
c) Poor registration of design
d) All of the above
2. How defect can be avoided?
a) Ensure that the embroidery hoop (ring or frame) is fitted properly
b) Avoid using a knot when starting or ending an embroidery thread
c) Avoid putting pressure over the fabric
d) All of the above
3. A “document” is a collection of data, regardless of the medium on which it is recorded, that generally has
permanence and can be read by humans or machines.
a) True
b) False
4. Raw Material Inspection is a process of
a) Checking the Fabric
b) Checking the equipments
c) Checking the Thread
d) All of these
5. Creative decorative designs are .
a) Mirror work
b) Tapestry stitch
c) Shadow work
d) All of these
6. Cut work is used to decorate .
a) Table Linen
b) Fine hand towels
c) Curtain
d) All of these
7. Cut work is usually done on .
a) Silk
b) Cotton
c) Chiffon
d) All of these
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5. Contribute to Achieve
Quality in Embroidery
Work
Unit 5.1 - Contribute to Achieve Quality in Embroidery Work
AMH/N1003
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Familiarize with the product quality.
2. Coordinate with seniors and others.
3. Inspect stitched products against specifications.
4. Identify, mark and place rejects in the designated locations.
5. Carry out alterations.
6. Maintain work flow and meet production target.
7. Understand and inspect the possible defects.
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• The specifications and drawings created by the designer should show customary} standard demanded by the
client or marketplace in clear and precise terms.
• every dimension ought to have realistic tolerances and alternative performance necessities.
• Product quality ought to have precise limits of acceptability so the production team will manufacture the
product strictly per specification and drawings.
To achieve the above, those accountable for design, production and quality ought to be consulted from the sales
negotiation stage onwards. the general design of any product is created from several individual characteristics.
For example these could be:
• Dimensions, like length, diameter, thickness or space.
• Physical properties, like weight, volume or strength.
• Electrical properties, like resistance, voltage or current.
• Look, like end, color or texture; practical qualities, like output or metric linear unit per liter.
• Effects on service, like style, feel or noise level.
Manufacturing drawings and specifications are prepared by the designers and these ought to illustrate to the
production team exactly what quality is needed and what raw materials ought to be used. Preparation for
manufacture once the design, together with the producing drawings, has been reviewed and finalized, it is timeto
plan for manufacture.
5.1.1.1 Guidelines
A guide for small and medium-sized enterprises procedures ready, inspection instrumentality provided, checking
and calibration of examination instrumentality planned for, inspection personnel selected and trained and
prepilot and pilot runs carried out. One ought to never conceive to solve a high quality drawback by closing
additional inspections.
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The producing will begin only if coming up with|the look} and planning are completed. If the look is carried out
systematically, things ought to run smoothly. during manufacture the subsequent are the foremost common
factors that can affect quality:
• Set-up: Some processes, like punching, cutting, printing and labelling, are thus consistent that, if the initial
set-up is correct, the entire ton can change to the specifications. However, the initial set-up should be checked
by carrying out first-piece inspection.
• Machines and tools: From time to time changes will occur in machine or tool settings, which may then cause
defects. Processes of this kind include machining, resistance welding and filling. Here it is necessary to carry
out periodic checks by patrol inspection.
• Operator: There are some processes wherever the result depends on the ability and a focus of the operator,
suchas welding, hand fastening and painting processes. For such processes it is necessary at the manufacture
planning stage for the operator’s operating strategies to be determined upon.
• Materials and components: it is vital to ensure the standard of raw materials and components by undertaking
regular checks on the suppliers’ processes and additionally wherever necessary by carrying out incoming
inspection.
The following are obvious possibilities:
• The shop-floor operators had no clear plan what standard of quality was needed.
• the method was such that it was terribly difficult to induce the work right, but very simple to induce it wrong.
• The machine and instrumentality were incapable of achieving the tolerances needed.
• The incoming materials and components were unacceptable.
• The operators were untrained and not up to the job; Shop-floor internal control was either not properlyplanned
or not properly executed, or both.
5.1.1.2 Coordination
It is obvious from the on top of steps that everyone in the company, that is, the salesmen, designers,
purchasing,stores and strategies employees, plant engineers, jigs and tool personnel, production planning and
production employees,operators, inspection and testing employees, packaging, dispatch and so on, square
measure answerable for product quality.Indeed, quality is everybody’s business. unfortunately, if care is not
taken, it winds up being nobody’s business.It is so necessary to ensure that everybody is quality-conscious which
all of them work along on matters related to quality.
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• Neatness of Embroidery: One has to ensure that the embroidery is free from any visual defects like needle
holes in fabric, thread not properly cut etc.
• Colour bleeding: The fabric or thread should be checked for colour bleeding. In this test, the fabric and
thread are washed to ensure that there is no colour bleed
• Measurement of Stitches: The stitches used in embroidery should be as specified in the design specification.
The stitches should be evenly spaced and their width/thickness should also be even or according to
specification
• Labels and Tags: If there are any labels or tags, they also need to be checked. Texts printed on hang tags, price
tags, brand labels, case labels etc. play a vital role. It is significant to ensure that all the material and details
must match with the fabric type. The fabric type and the label should not mismatch. Also, the content or text
used should be only the one which is approved by the concerned authority. Also, the fibre content printed in
care label must match with test report made for fibre content.
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Many times alterations are required when the fabric is not stitched properly i.e. it contains missing stitches also
known as skipped stitches or staggered stitches etc. Below, some of the common issues discussed where the
alterations might be required if they are not meeting the customer’s requirements.
Some of the common defects which are found during the embroidery are as - incorrect stitch, uneven stitch width
or gap, fabric bleed etc. After identifying the defects, it is important to carry out alterations, without a delay.
Reworking on the defects is important however it is more important to understand why the defects occurred, so
that it can be avoided in future.
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7 Are there any filaments or thread that was not trimmed properly? Is there any fabric "grin through" or
"gapping"?
8 Are stitches shaped appropriately (not too loose or too tight)?
9 Signs of looping or malformed stitches?
10 Signs of poor tension control?
11 Is there any reparation required, to the fabric caused by the needle size or too many stitches sewn in
the same area
of the pattern?
12 Extreme wrinkling or illustration of the pattern?
5.1.7. Documentation
A “document” is a collection of data, regardless of the medium on
which it is recorded, that generally has permanence and can be read by
humans or machines. Documents include both paper and electronic
documents. A document is an amount of information on one or
more related topics prepared for a specific purpose and presented
as a unit. A document may be used in a printed form, Online form or
a combination of the two. Examples of documents include: manuals,
reports, proposals, letters, faxes and emails. Proper documentation
of events is essential for providing the contemporary professionals
and future generations the opportunities to know, learn, and benefit Fig.5.1.3 Documentation
from the past knowledge and experience.
Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of an Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderers and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Know about the production system.
Inspect stitched products against specifications.
Analyze how Hand Embroiderer:
» Inspects stitched products against specifications
» Carryout alterations
» Sew and apply trims
Also Understand the inspection and possible alteration.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Resources
Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos.
Descriptions QR Codes
https://youtu.be/Wt2iPKP3Wzo
Exercise
1. A “document” is a collection of data, regardless of the medium on which it is recorded, that generally has
permanence and can be read by humans or machines.
a) True
b) False
2. Working in sync can improve efficiency in work.
a) True
b) False
3. What is quality?
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...................................................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................................................
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6. Maintaining Work
Premises and Tools
Unit 6.1 - Maintain Work Premises and Tools
AMH/N1004
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Maintain hazard free work environment.
2. Maintain embroidery tools.
3. Adopt safe work practices.
4. Minimize waste.
5. Identify different cleaning substances.
Housekeeping does not only mean cleanliness, it includes neat and orderly work areas, maintaining floors free
of slip and hazards and removal of waste materials (e.g., threads, paper, pieces of fabric etc.) and preventing fire
hazards. It involves giving attention to details like the layout of the workplace, aisle marking, the adequate
Effective housekeeping is a continuous process. It is not a hit-and-miss clean-up done occasionally. Irregular or
last minute clean-ups may prove costly and ineffective.
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areas are not used as storage areas by having workers move materials to and from work areas as needed. Part
Housekeeping order is "maintained" not "achieved." Cleaning and organization must be done regularly, not just
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• Cleaning tools after use: Tools like needles, scissors, hoops etc. should be properly cleaned after every use.
This can be simply done by wiping them with a clean piece of cloth.
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Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of an Hand Embroiderer. During the visit you have to interact with Hand Embroiderers and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
Understand the tools safety and maintenance rules of industry.
Analyze how HEs:
» Carry out basic maintenance of machine.
» Maintain tools and equipments and handle them safely and use materials to minimize waste.
» Work in a comfortable position with the correct posture.
» Dispose of waste safely in the designated location.
» Store cleaning equipment safely after use.
Ask questions to Hand Embroiderers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Exercise
1. Which of the followings are the key points in tool and equipment maintenance:
a) Correct Usage
b) Poor storage
c) Cleaning tools after use
d) All the above
2. Which of the followings are the common cleaning products:
a) Neutral
b) Acidic
c) Degreaser
d) All the above
3. What is waste management?
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...................................................................................................................................................................................
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7. Maintain a Healthy,
Safe and Secure
Working Environment
with Gender and PwD
Sensitization
AMH/N1904
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Identify methods to be vigilant for potential risks and threats associated with the workplace.
2. Handle tools and equipment in work area.
3. Check the workplace and work processes for risks like fire, electric shocks, etc.
4. Demonstrate the use of personal protective equipment.
5. Analyze sanitary facility in work place.
6. Analyze the work related facilities and benefits.
7. Explain about safety sign in working area.
7.1.1 Introduction
Features in garment industry that could be improved to prevent injuries include; communication, involvement of
employees in decision making, education and training of employees and management on prevention strategies,
and the ergonomic conditions at the plant.
The clothing industry is usually considered as a safe place to work. Compared to other industries, there are fewer
serious risks in clothing factories. The hazards in clothing industry are different from others. The major health
risks in this industry come from more subtle hazards whose effect build up over time.
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• Keep repetitive motions to a minimum: Workstations can be restructured to avoid the number of health
hazards which chances due to repetitive motions that must be performed. Using a power-driven screwdriver
or tools with a notch device can decrease the number of twisting motions with the arm. Work stations should
have enough space for the given tasks and provide proper chairs. For deterrence of ergonomic injuries, the
labour force should be encouraged to change work and take frequent but short breaks. Some tasks can be
mechanical or reformatted to eliminate musculoskeletal injuries. Manufacturing tools and equipment should
integrated ergonomic design codes and should not require an extreme amount of force to operate.
• Avoid awkward postures: The industry is such that the workforce’s job should not require you to work with
your hands above shoulder height on a regular basis. Arms should be closer to the body and not raised too
high. Bending of their wrists, back and neck should be avoided.
• Use safe lifting procedures: The employee should avoid lifting objects that are too heavy. Use more than one
person or a mechanical device to reduce the load. The workstation should not require lifting objects above
the head or twisting his/her back while lifting. One must keep the load close to his body. Heavy and often
lifted objects should be kept between knee and shoulder height and not on the floor or above the head level.
• Get proper rest: It is imperative to take frequent breaks to rejuverate the body and mind so that they don’t
get injuried. The workforce should be groomed to understand that they should take a break from the work
not just mentally but physically too. If a person has errand which doesn’t allow him to sit, he must take
intervals from his work to relax his leg muscles. If he is doing a sitting job, he must go for a walk whenever
his work permits.
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For example, if you stand all day, while performing your job you should sit down to rest your legs and feet
during your breaks. If you sit down, when working you should stand up and walk around during your breaks
to give your back a rest and to increase circulation in your legs. By doing this the musculoskeletal injuries can
be prevented.
• Other things to consider: Chemicals also have a part in garment manufacturing. Dyes, enzymes, solvents and
other chemicals are used to create different fabric finishes and provide durability to the product. Proper
ventilation and personal protective equipment are important for protection of workers engaged in chemical
processing. Similarly, for workers who handle the finished material and may be exposed to excess chemicals
and off-gassing, protective equipment should be used.
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One low-cost cleaning method is sweeping the floor carefully with an appropriate broom and accompanying dust
pan to prevent dust from spreading. Spraying water on the floor before sweeping will avoid dust remaining
airborne. When dust is moistened it can be easily removed with a broom More effective methods of controlling
dust include using a vacuum cleaner or a wet mop.
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• Care should be taken that air expelled from the workplace does not affect people outside the enterprise.
• A fan may not be sufficient to remove vapours from hazardous fumes such as those sometimes used in
silkscreen printing. Extractor systems to remove dust and hazardous chemicals should be installed. These
systems may be quite expensive and it may be more economical to replace the hazardous chemicals.
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It is imperative to understand the ways in which we can arrange for a good lighting without increasing the
electricity bills. First of all one has to identify if at all you need to work upon the existing brightness level in the
work place. Lighting requirements are reliant on three main features:
• The environment of the working area
• The nature of the task
• The sharpness of the worker's eyesight
A sewer needs focused light at needle point, so needle lights should always be fitted. A worker packing garments
requires more largely lighting. In many situations, packers work on special tiered work tops, where lights are
built into the station. The age group of the workforce is also important factor to determine this. Which means,
an older worker may need twice as much light as a younger one. Another way to identify the gap, in lighting
problem is going around the workplace, observing the workers and asking them about their visual problems. The
plan of improvements may not have much impact if the workers' eyesight is insufficient. An eyesight test for all
employees should be carried out. Even if some workers do not follow advice about obtaining glasses. One will be
aware of the problem and a possible reason for low efficiency and decreased productivity.
If there is too many machinery omitting heat, it isn’t a great idea to allow the natural heat to come in and add up
to the temperature.
The higher the window, the more light is in. Skylights can double the light of a low light but if made in a lower
level, it faces obstacles ad is blocked by the machineries and storage containers. If the factory doesn’t have a
skylight, one must consider to replace the opaque roofs with translucent or transparent plastic rooftops.
It is important to paint the walls in lighter shades which not just give a sense of space to a room, but the workstation
would look illuminated. It enhances the visual conditions and a pleasant cheerful environment is encouraged.
The matt finish of whitewash is a great idea. Many enterprises are implementing white tile ceilings. To avoid
harmful glare, one should avoid gloss paint for walls. Pale colours are better than white. A slightly dimmer colour
below eye level is accommodating. But one should maintain cleanliness, since lack of regular cleaning can result in
the loss of at least 10 to 20 per cent of light. Special care should be taken to clean skylights, which are sometimes
difficult to reach.
These colours are much better than the black formerly used for the bodies or chrome finish for the Figs, which
reflect more glare. An unsatisfactory circulation of natural light over the work area, particularly in embroidery
rooms, is a problem. Considering the fact, one must change the layout of benches and machines in order to
minimize shadow zones. Workstations with high lighting requirements should be moved closer to the windows
and possibly be assembled together for the provision of additional lighting. However, if the workstation layout
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responds well to your production needs, you may instead reorganize the delivery and height of the lamps or add
needle lights which are good options.
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7.1.6.1 Accidents
Always work in a safe manner to prevent accidents from occurring in the first place. Make sure that you have
been given adequate information and on-the-job training about the first aid facilities and services available in
your workplace, including:
• Where to find first aid kits.
• Location of first aid rooms.
• Complete, up-to-date contact details of trained first aid officers in the workplace procedures for critical
accidents – such as who should be responsible for calling.
• The ambulance/doctor/nurse and what is the best method of contact, measures for evacuation of the injured
person/s.
• Emergency procedure for the elimination of life-threatening chemicals commonly used in the workplace.
• Universal precautions for the control of infection.
• Who to contact for debriefing/psychological support.
Reporting of incidents and accidents is required under the Work Health and Safety (WHS) legislation. Workplaces
tend to have well developed reporting procedures in place, which aim to fully understand the accident/incident
and prevent any future occurrences through investment in injury prevention, based upon accurate data. Reporting
and recording should also facilitate costing and associated financial loss.
Always report an accident to management immediately. There should be a form at each workplace that you
(or the person involved) and any witnesses can fill out, where possible, otherwise. The form should cover the
following areas:
• Description of the occurrence: What was the event that occurred, which required this report to be completed?
• Nature of injury or disease: Select the most appropriate description from a range of options. What injury or
disease happened as a result of the occurrence?
• First aid, medical treatment or hospital admission: This section asks for a description of what was done to
treat the injury or disease.
• Part of the body affected: Tick off which part or parts of the body were affected as a result of the occurrence.
• Source of injury: What actually caused the person to be injured or acquire a disease? This could be a piece
of machinery or other hazardous materials for example.
• Probable cause or causes of injury: How was the source listed above actually responsible for the injury?
• Investigation: This asks a series of questions that seek to find out why the person has been injured or has
acquired a disease.
• Notification checklist: This checklist makes sure that everyone who should have been contacted regarding
the matter has been contacted and asks whether appropriate action has been taken by the authorities.
• Preventative action: This asks whether or not any action has been taken to prevent the occurrence from
happening again.
• Witness details: This part is to be filled out if someone saw the occurrence happen. It is essential if any sort
of legal action is to be taken.
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The two essential components of a fire preparedness plan are the following:
1. An emergency action plan, which details what to do when a fire occurs.
2. A fire prevention plan, which describes what to do to prevent a fire from occurring.
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Ideally, there would be a separate toilet for men and women. These should be characterized as follows:
• The toilet bowl must be free from stain or odour and function properly.
• The walls of the toilet must be clean and tiles unstained.
• The ceiling of the toilet must be free from cobwebs and dust.
• Floors must be clean and safe (no broken tiles, nor slippery surface).
• Proper illumination must be provided inside the toilet.
• Toilets must have a continuous supply of water; in case water is limited in the area, water should be stocked
in containers and refilled regularly.
• Mirrors and rubbish bins should be provided in the washroom.
• Soap and toilet paper should be provided.
• The washroom should provide complete privacy to users and should be fully ventilated.
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Ideally, there would be a separate toilet for men and women. These should be characterized as follows:
• The toilet bowl must be free from stain or odour and utility properly.
• The walls of the toilet must be clean and tiles unstained.
• The ceiling of the toilet must be free from torpors and dust.
• Floors must be clean and safe (no broken tiles, nor slippery surface).
• Proper illumination must be provided inside the restroom.
• Lavatories must have a continuous supply of water; in case water is limited in the area, water should be
stocked in containers and refilled regularly.
• Mirrors and rubbish bins should be provided in the washroom.
• Soap and toilet paper should be provided.
• The washroom should give complete privacy to users and should be fully aired.
1. Prohibition sign: A sign prohibiting behaviour likely to increase or cause danger (eg ‘no access for unauthorised
persons’).
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3. Mandatory sign: A sign prescribing specific behaviour (eg ‘eye protection must be worn’).
4. Emergency escape, Fire and First-aid signs: A sign giving information on emergency exits, first aid, or rescue
facilities (eg ‘emergency exit/escape route’.
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COVID-19 spreads mainly by droplets produced as a result of coughing or sneezing of a COVID-19 infected person.
To protect yourself from Covid-19, follow below guidelines.
• Maintain a safe distance from others (at least 1 metre), even if they don’t appear to be sick.
• Wear a mask in public, especially indoors or when physical distancing is not possible.
• Choose open, well-ventilated spaces over closed ones. Open a window if indoors.
• Clean your hands often. Use soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand rub.
• Get vaccinated when it’s your turn. Follow local guidance about vaccination.
• Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
• Stay home if you feel unwell.
• If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention. Call in advance so your healthcare
provider can direct you to the right health facility.
This protects you, and prevents the spread of viruses and other infections.
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Exercise
1. While working at workplace, your waist should be at:
a) 300
b) 600
c) 900
d) 1200
1. We receive per cent of all information through our eyes.
a) 75%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%
2. In case of fire do not use .
a) Lift
b) Stairs
c) Ladder
d) Window
3. The factors that lead to reduction in injury rates include:
a) Empowering workforce
b) Following safety protocol
c) Good housekeeping practices
d) Support from top management
e) All of the above
4. Lighting requirements are reliant on:
a) The environment of the working area
b) The nature of the task
c) The sharpness of the worker's eyesight
d) All of the above
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Apply first aid on an injured person.
2. Interpret the procedure of CPR.
There are many situations which may require first aid, and many countries have legislation, regulation, or guidance
which specifies a minimum level of first aid provision in certain circumstances. This can include specific training
or equipment to be available in the workplace (such as an Automated External Defibrillator), the provision of
specialist first aid cover at public gatherings, or mandatory first aid training within schools. First aid, however,
does not necessarily require any particular equipment or prior knowledge, and can involve improvisation with
materials available at the time, often by untrained persons.
Heart Rate 60-100 beats per minute Less than 60 or greater than 100
beats per minute
Respirations 14-16 breaths per minute Less than 14 breaths per minute
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1st Degree Burn 2nd Degree Burn 3rd Degree Burn 4th Degree Burn
Will recover itself in a few Serious but recovers in a Very Serious and will Extremely Serious and
days. few weeks. require skin grafting. requires many years with
repeated plastic surgery
Action Required: Place Action Required: Place Action Required: Place a
and skin grafting, is life
under running water. clean wet cloth over the clean dry cloth over the
threatening.
burnt area. burnt area.
Action Required: Leave
open and prevent
infection.
Fig.7.2.5: Degree of Burns
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7.2.2.1 Splints
During the application of a splint, it is important to not attempt to straighten the break. This will lead to more
injury and pain for the affected. Instead, the splint should be applies to the break the way it was.
When using rigid material
Always use long enough pieces to reach the joints beyond the break. For example, when splinting a forearm, the
material should be long enough to touch both the wrist and the elbow. This helps keep the material in place and
prevents too much pressure from being applied to the wound.
• Always put padding between the rigid material and the body to keep the victim comfortable.
• Knots should be tied between the body and the rigid material. This is an easier option when it comes to
untying them. However, if this can’t be carried out, the knots should be tied over the rigid material.
• Padding should always be used between the body and the rigid
material in order to provide a comfortable setting to the affected.
• Splint the wrist in the same way. The entire forearm should be immobilized.
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• The pieces used should be long enough to reach the joint beyond
the break. For instance, when a forearm is splinted, the material
should be long enough in such a way that it includes both the wrist
and the elbow. This helps in preventing too much pressure to the
wound and also helps in keeping the material in place.
7.2.3 CPR
Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or injuries
until they can be given full medical care at a hospital.
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the
DRSABCD Action Plan.
DRSABCD stands for:
• Danger: Always check the danger to you, any
bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Make sure you do not put yourself in danger when
going to the assistance of another person.
• Response: Is the person conscious? Do they
respond when you talk to them, touch their hands
or squeeze their shoulder?
• Send for help: Call ambulance.
• Airway: Is the person’s airway clear? Is the person
breathing? If the person is responding, they are Fig.7.2.11: Basic life support chart
conscious and their airway is clear, assess how you can help them with any injury.
If the person is not responding and they are unconscious, you need to check their airway by opening their
mouth and having a look inside. If their mouth is clear, tilt their head gently back (by lifting their chin) and
check for breathing. If the mouth is not clear, place the person on their side, open their mouth and clear the
contents, then tilt the head back and check for breathing.
• Breathing: Check for breathing by looking for chest movements (up and down). Listen by putting your ear
near to their mouth and nose. Feel for breathing by putting your hand on the lower part of their chest. If the
person is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side, carefully ensuring that you keep their head,
neck and spine in alignment. Monitor their breathing until you hand over to the ambulance officers.
• CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation): if an adult is unconscious and not breathing, make sure they are flat
on their back and then place the heel of one hand in the centre of their chest and your other hand on
top. Press down firmly and smoothly (compressing to one third of their chest depth) 30 times. Give two
breaths. To get the breath in, tilt their head back gently by lifting their chin. Pinch their nostrils closed, place
your open mouth firmly over their open mouth and blow firmly into their mouth. Keep going with the 30
compressions and two breaths at the speed of approximately five repeats in two minutes until you hand
over to the ambulance officers or another trained person, or until the person you are resuscitating responds.
• Defibrillator: For unconscious adults who are not breathing, an automated external defibrillator (AED) is
applied. An AED is a machine that delivers an electrical shock to cancel any irregular heart beat (arrhythmia),
in an effort get the normal heart beating to re-establish itself. Please ensure that a trained person is there
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to apply the AED. If the person responds to defibrillation, turn them onto their side and tilt their head to
maintain their airway.
1. Airway
Once you have assessed the patient’s level of consciousness, evaluate the patient’s airway. Remember, if the
patient is alert and talking, the airway is open. For a patient who is unresponsive, make sure that he or she
is in a supine (face-up) position to effectively evaluate the airway. If the patient is face-down, you must roll
the patient onto his or her back, taking care not to create or worsen an injury. If the patient is unresponsive
and his or her airway is not open, you need to open the airway. Head-tilt/chin-lift technique can be used to
open the airway.
Head-tilt/chin-lift technique
To perform the head-tilt/chin lift technique on an adult:
• Press down on the forehead while pulling up on the bony
part of the chin with two to three fingers of the other hand.
• Tilt the head past a neutral position to open the airway while
avoiding hyperextension of the neck.
Fig.7.2.12: Airway
2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation circulates blood that contains oxygen
to the vital organs of a patient in cardiac arrest when the heart
and breathing have stopped. It includes chest compressions and
ventilations as well as the use of an automated external defibrillator.
Fig.7.2.13: CAB
• Compressions: One component of CPR is chest compressions. To ensure optimal patient outcomes, high-
quality CPR must be performed. You can ensure high-quality CPR by providing high-quality chest compressions,
making sure that the:
» Patient is on a firm, flat surface to allow for adequate
compression. In a non- healthcare setting this would
typically be on the floor or ground, while in a healthcare
setting this may be on a stretcher or bed.
» The chest is exposed to ensure proper hand placement andthe
ability to visualize chest recoil.
» Hands are correctly positioned with the heel of one hand inthe
center of the chest on the lower half of sternum with
the other hand on top. Most rescuers find that interlacing Fig.7.2.14: Compressions
their fingers makes it easier to provide compressions while
keeping the fingers off the chest.
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» Arms are as straight as possible, with the shoulders directly over the hands to promote effective
compressions. Locking elbows will help maintain straight arms.
» Compressions are given at the correct rate of at least 100 per minute to a maximum of 120 per minute,
and at the proper depth of at least 2 inches for an adult to promote adequate circulation.
» The chest must be allowed to fully recoil between each compression to allow blood to flow back into the
heart following the compression.
» For adult co-workers, CPR consists of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations.
• Ventilations: Ventilations supply oxygen to a patient who is not breathing. They may be given via several
methods including:
Mouth-to-Mouth
• Open the airway past a neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique.
• Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the patient’s mouth with your mouth.
• Give ventilations by blowing into the patient’s mouth. Ventilations should be given one at a time. Take
a break between breaths by breaking the seal slightly between ventilations and then taking a breath
before re-sealing over the mouth.
Pocket mask
CPR breathing barriers, such as pocket masks, create a barrier between your mouth and the patient’s mouth
and nose. This barrier can help to protect you from contact with a patient’s blood, vomitus and saliva, and
from breathing the air that the patient exhales.
• Assemble the mask and valve.
• Open the airway past the neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique from the patient’s side
when alone.
• Place the mask over the mouth and nose of the patient starting from the bridge of the nose, then place
the bottom of the mask below the mouth to the chin (the mask should not extend past the chin).
• Seal the mask by placing the “webbing” between your index finger and thumb on the top of the mask
above the valve while placing your remaining fingers on the side of the patient’s face. With your other
hand (the hand closest to the patient’s chest), place your thumb along the base of the mask while placing
your bent index finger under the patient’s chin, lifting the face into the mask.
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• STEP 4: Check for breathing: Make sure that the airway is not
blocked. If the mouth is closed, press with your thumb and
forefinger on both cheeks at the end of the teeth and then look
inside. Remove any visible obstacle that is in your reach but never
push your fingers inside too far. Put your ear close to the victim’s
nose and mouth, and listen for slight breathing. If the victim is
coughing or breathing normally, do not perform CPR.
• STEP 7: Place your second hand on top of the first hand, Palms-
down, interlock the fingers of the second hand between the first.
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• STEP 11: Make sure the airway is open. Place your hand on
the victim’s forehead and two fingers on their chin and tilt the
head back to open the airway. If you suspect a neck injury, pull
the jaw forward rather than lifting the chin. If jaw thrust fails to
open the airway, do a careful head tilt and chin lift. If there are
no signs of life, place a breathing barrier (if available) over the
victim’s mouth.
• STEP 12: Give two rescue breaths (optional). If you are trained
in CPR and totally confident, give two rescue breaths after your
30 chest compressions. If you’ve never done CPR before, or
you’re trained but rusty, stick with only chest compressions.
• STEP 13: Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions. If you’re also doing rescue breaths, keep doing a cycle
of 30 chest compressions, and then 2 rescue breaths; repeat the 30 compressions and 2 more breaths. You
should do CPR for 2 minutes (5 cycles of compressions to breaths) before spend time checking for signs of life.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Elaborate the details about PWD Sensitization.
2. Explain gender sensitization and equality.
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The disability community is very diverse. Some individuals with a disability may be employed, while others may
rely on public benefits as their main sources of income. Some of the public benefits they receive might have
limitations. Income, resource and savings limits often prevent individuals from enhancing their financial wellbeing and
self-sufficiency as they concentrate efforts on retaining their benefits
Rather than charities, disabled people need sensitivity of the society and initiatives to make their life easy..
New and existing programs are available to help people with disabilities develop skills in financial management
and self-sufficiency. Government keeps trying to support in every possible manner so that they can earn their
livelihood.
We learn so many virtues from disabled people like patience, courage, positive thinking etc .Hence; this gives us all
the more reasons to have a developmental approach towards them. With so many technological breakthroughs
happening all over the world, the Governments have spent in Research and development and innovations which
would make the life of disabled people happier and easier.
For example, the invention of artificial limbs caused a revolution. They are available to the most disabled people
and they can reap benefits from them.
Also, educating them and giving them jobs based upon their physical condition will make them feel a “sense of
achievement” and increase their happiness quotient.
Also, disabled people should be trained by specialists in their fields so that they can try and overcome their
shortcomings to the maximum extent possible and lead a life which is satisfactory and happy.
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one sided biased decision but also can increase risky sexual behavior and intimate partner violence. While it
is important for women to play a larger role in important household decisions, such as financing, men should
also become more involved in healthcare and household decisions around health.
Couple communication and joint decision-making have a positive impact on health outcomes.
2. Access to opportunities and resources
Gender-related factors also affect health outcomes through differential access to opportunities and resources
like education, employment and healthcare.
• Education: Gender roles often restrict both boys’ and girls’ access to education which can have long-term
effects on health outcomes. For example, more educated women and formally employed women are more
likely to use family planning, which reduces the risk of unwanted pregnancy and potentially, the need for
abortion
• Employment: In many contexts, women’s traditional responsibilities are primarily domestic and they do not
work outside the home. When they do, they are often part of the informal economy, in lower-paid and less-
skilled jobs without opportunities to join unions or trade organizations that advocate for better pay or rights
• Healthcare: Women’s mobility may limit their access to health services and existing programs intended to
increase knowledge of family planning or other health information. Men often do not go to health clinics for
their own care or with their partner because pregnancy and child health are seen as a “woman’s domain.”.
3. Social, cultural and gender norms
Norms related to gender, such as gender preference, masculinity and fertility, also influence health outcomes.
• Gender Preference: In India, China, and to a certain extent in some African countries, there is a gender bias
in child healthcare. Preference for boys can lead to financial resources for education and other services, like
healthcare, being differentially allocated within households. Reasons for this preference vary, and include the
perception that boys will financially support their parents when they are older, and that families are obliged
to pay dowries when their daughters marry.
• Fertility: In many areas, a woman’s value is often measured by her ability to have children. This can lead
women to put their own health or the health of their family at risk by starting pregnancy too early, when not
yet physically matured, and giving birth without proper spacing or having more children than the household
can support. For couples facing fertility issues, women often bear the brunt of household and community-
level stigma and abuse for failing to conceive.
• Masculinity: Masculine ideas associating men with strength, virility, dominance and power may increase the
number of sexual partners and inhibit the use of condoms, thereby increasing the risk for unwanted
pregnancy or the transmission of STIs or HIV through unprotected sex or sexual violence. These masculine
norms also may promote or normalize violence against women
Summary of Need for Gender Sensitization
• To provide balance to the society
• To provide equal opportunities to women and men
• To gauge views of all sections of society
• To distribute resources evenly
• To allow same personal freedom for men and women
• To even out the gender bias present in the society
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Resources
Scan the QR code or click the link to access the videos or e-book.
Description QR Code
https://youtu.be/POlQ27GQZp0
First aid
https://youtu.be/DQ7JPNgU8Wg
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Gender sensitization
https://youtu.be/Wi1exdO1lig
Industry Visit
The purpose of visiting an apparel manufacturing unit is to get hands on knowledge about various processes
involved in the work of a Boutique Manager. During the visit you have to interact with hand embroiderer and
supervisors to understand how work is done in industry. Make sure that you keep a notebook handy and note
down any important points that come up during your interaction at the apparel manufacturing unit. When you
go to an apparel manufacturing unit, you should:
• Know about the production system.
• Understand the machine safety and maintenance rules of industry.
• Analyze how Boutique Managers:
» Use and maintain personal protective equipment as per protocol.
» Maintain a healthy lifestyle and guard against dependency on intoxicants.
» Follow environment management system related procedures.
» Identify and correct (if possible) malfunctions in machinery and equipment.
» Store materials and equipment in line with manufacturer’s and organizational requirements.
» Minimize health and safety risks to self and others due to own actions.
» Monitor the workplace and work processes for potential risks and threats.
» Carryout periodic walk-through to keep work area free from hazards and obstructions, if assigned.
» Report hazards and potential risks/threats to supervisors or other authorized personnel.
» Participate in mock drills/ evacuation procedures organized at the workplace.
» Take action based on instructions in the event of fire.
• Ask questions to Boutique Managers/supervisors if you have any query.
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Exercise
1. Heart rate of a healthy person should be:
a) 40-60 beats per minute
b) 70-110 beats per minute
c) 80-100 beats per minute
d) 60-100 beats per minute
1. What is not in Four A’s of First Aid:
a) Awareness
b) Assessment
c) Action
d) Attitude
2. The symptoms of fracture:
a) Pain
b) Swelling
c) Visible bone
d) All of the above
3. Which degree of burn is explained as; Extremely Serious and requires many years with repeated plastic
surgery and skin grafting to heal?
a) 1st Degree Burn
b) 2st Degree Burn
c) 3st Degree Burn
d) 4st Degree Burn
4.is a level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or
injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital.
a) Basic life support (BLS)
b) CPR
c) ABC
d) All of the above
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8. Comply with
Industry, Regulatory
and Organizational
Requirements and
Greening of Job Roles
Unit 8.1 - Follow Regulatory and Company’s Rules
AMH/N0104
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Carryout work functions in accordance with legislation and regulations, organizational guidelines and
procedures.
2. Seek and obtain clarifications on policies and procedures, from your supervisor or other authorized personnel.
3. Apply and follow these policies and procedures within your work practices.
4. Provide support to your supervisor and team members in enforcing these considerations.
5. Identify and report any possible deviation to these requirements.
6. Explain the effect and importance of Greening of Job roles.
Supervisory compliance for industries, world- wide falls under the second definition. There are many managers,
general councils, and policy officers that would consent in agreement at any of the other definitions as well. Let’s
discuss, what is compliance? Whether an organization is confronting an external regulatory compliance from a
government agency, or seeks to comply with its own organizational mandates, policies or procedures,
compliance in actuality means conforming to requirements and a proof that your organization has done so. This
is usually attained by the scheming and development of managerial policies that will map out the projected code
of conduct.
From a policy’s point of view, there are many aspects that impact an organization’s policies, including legislative
and regulatory requirements, organizational best practices, and the market demands. If we look at government/
public sector agencies, financial service businesses, and healthcare providers - we find that they are controlled
and must develop internal policies in order to ensure compliance. The actual trial comes from the juncture of
practice with the laid policy.
After that, they must adopt ways to enforce those policies and measure their effectiveness. Initially this may
seem to be an easy and convenient task. But the dilemma is creating a policy – without any mechanism, may it
be manual, automated, or third-part, to measure and monitor compliance of the policies is very difficult. In order
to build effective policies, we must not only have an understanding of the statutory requirements that will shape
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the policy within our organizations, but how these policies relate to the business practices, the workforce, the
methodologies of operations and the technologies within the corporation.
Irrespective of the requirements to which an organization must obey, a well-planned model is essential which
will be one that assimilates strategies with their people, processes, and technology. This includes education,
monitoring, and enforcement. Organizations should look to use machineries and to develop procedures that make
it easier to do the right thing or to simply disregard the policy all together. In conducting performance audits, an
assessment should be made of compliance with applicable laws and regulations when necessary to satisfy the
audit objectives. The auditor should design the audit to provide reasonable assurance of detecting illegal acts
that could significantly affect audit objectives. The auditor also should be alert to situations or transactions that
could be indicative of illegal acts that may have an indirect effect on the audit results.
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• Exporters shall not illogically restrain the liberty of movement of workers, including movement in canteen
during breaks, using toilets, accessing water, or to access necessary medical attention, as a means to maintain
work discipline.
• Exporters are about to offer workers with paid annual leaves as required under local laws, guidelines and
processes. Exporters shall not impose any undue limitations on workers’ use of annual leave or taking any
type of sick or maternity leave.
• There shall be no alterations in workers remuneration for work of equal value on the basis of gender, race,
religion, age, nationality, sexual orientation, social political opinion, disability or ethnic origin.
• Exporters shall not threaten female workers with firing or any other employment conclusion that adversely
distresses their service status in order to avert them from getting married or becoming pregnant.
• Exporters shall confirm that proper ventilation systems are installed within their premises to prevent airborne
exposures which may affect the health of workers.
• Members shall not custom any form of physical or mental, emotional violence, threats, harassment, or abuse
against workers seeking to form organisations or participating in union activities, including strikes.
• Workers shall be permitted to at least 24 successive hours of rest in every seven-day period. If workers must
work on a rest day, another successive 24 hours rest day must be provided.
• Exporters shall pay workers at least the legal minimum wage or the usual industry wage, the one that is
Higher. This indeed is the most essential code of compliance for Indian Industry.
• Garment exporters must ensure that the minimum age requirement to unsafe employment shall not be less
than 14 years. This is the most significant concern in the country. Each worker has the right to enter into and
to terminate their employment freely. Indian apparel makers need to follow all the compliance rules to
comply with global standards. Often companies adopt industry compliance codes to project a positive image
and protect their goodwill in the market. The Indian garment industry needs to be strong on compliance
instead of competing with other developing countries manufacturing inexpensive garments.
Indian apparel makers need to follow all the compliance rules to comply with global standards. Often companies
adopt industry compliance codes to project a positive image and protect their goodwill in the market. The Indian
garment industry needs to be strong on compliance instead of competing with other developing countries
manufacturing inexpensive garments.
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9. Soft Skills
Unit 9.1 - Introduction to the Soft Skills
Unit 9.2 - Effective Communication
Unit 9.3 - Grooming and Hygiene
Unit 9.4 - Development of Interpersonal Skill
Unit 9.5 - Social Interaction
Unit 9.6 - Group Interaction
Unit 9.7 - Time Management
Unit 9.8 - Resume Preparation
Unit 9.9 - Interview Preparation
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Interpret basic meaning of Soft Skills, their components and their benefits.
2. Explain the components and their benefits.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain the meaning of Communication and process of communication.
2. Elaborate about the types of communication.
3. Identify the barrier in effective communication.
9.2.1 Introduction
In the information age we have to send, receive and process huge number of messages everyday. But effective
communication is more than just exchanging information, it also about understanding the emotion behind
the information. Effective communication can improve relationship at home, work, and in social situations by
deepening our connections to others and improving teamwork, decision making and problem solving.
Effective communication skill is a learned skill, it is more effective when it’s spontaneous than formula.
Communication requires a sender, a message, a medium and a recipient. Communication process is complete
only when a receiver understands the sender message.
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A skilled communicator must be aware of these barriers and try to reduce their impact by continually checking
understanding or by offering proper feedback.
Dealing with Barriers
• Use simple, easily understood word. Overcomplicating makes things confusing
• While speaking in other language always prepare beforehand
• Always give or take feedback to ensure the effectiveness of communication
• Be alert to cues
• Listen, listen, listen …
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Maintain cleanliness and hygiene.
2. Keep their dress clean and tidy.
3. Maintain positive body language while speaking.
4. Enable to perform more of the do’s than the don’ts.
5. Avoiding bad things such as gutkha and alcohol.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Develop a positive attitude and behaviour.
2. Describe the goal setting.
3. Motivate for team participation at work.
4. Practice relations and stress management at work.
5. Develop leadership qualities.
9.4.1 Introduction
Interpersonal skill development is the blend of different traits of day to day life that play an important role in
creating our impression in other’s mind. It starts from inside. The role of interpersonal skill development is to
help us understand how to make choices about our attitudes and actions.
These include various traits like:
• Positive Attitude
• Motivation
• Goal Setting
• Team Work
• Managing Relations
• Etiquette
• Stress and Anger Management
• Conflict Resolution
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9.4.5 Etiquette
Etiquette are the customs or rules governing behaviour regarded as correct or acceptable in social and official
life. It includes:
• Making Positive Impression
• How you treat with people
• Communicating at Workspace
• Work Ethics
• Discipline
• Commitment to work:
• Punctuality
• Ownership and responsibility
• Striving to excel:
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• Ability to delegate
• Ability to take initiative
• Good communications skills
• Confidence
• Commitment
• Positive Attitude
• Creativity
• Be decisive
• Focus on the big picture
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Analyze the social interaction.
2. Define duties and responsibility.
3. Explain about the team work.
• Wishes • Location
• Purpose • Hobbies/Habits
• Name • Life Aim
• Father’s Name • Achievements
• Family • Favourite Person’s or Ideal
• Profession • Your Strengths and Weakness
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9.5.3 Cooperation
Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for their mutual benefit. Cooperation
among family members, friends and peers is very common and healthy. It is the backbone of any society.
Family cooperation provides an avenue for a family to come closer. It increases coping skills and decision making.
Experiential Knowledge: contributes to solving problems and improving quality of life.
• Emotional support: Esteem, attachment and reassurance
• Instrumental Support: Material goods and services.
How to be a cooperative person
For being a cooperative person following things needs to be done:
• Listen carefully to others and be sure you understand what they are saying.
• Share when you have something that others would like to have.
• Take Turns when there is something that nobody wants to do, or when more than one person wants to do
the same thing.
• Compromise when you have a serious conflict.
• Do your part the very best that you possibly can. This will inspire others to do the same.
• Show appreciation to people for what they contribute.
• Encourage people to do their best.
• Make people needed. Working together is a lot more fun that way.
• Don’t isolate or exclude anyone. Everybody has something valuable to offer, and nobody likes being left out.
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Participate in group discussions in the class.
2. Give speech in the public.
3. Paraphrase the importance of team building and team work.
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9.6.2 Teamwork
Teamwork is a very important part of working life. They can have a big impact on:
• The profitability of an organisation
• Whether people enjoy their work
• Staff retention rates
• Team and individual performance
Importance of Team Building
Team building activities not only boost morale of the team members, but it can also increase the success rate of
the teams. Team building is an important activity as it:
• Facilitates better communication
• Motivates employees
• Promotes creativity
• Develops problem-solving skills
• Breaks the barrier
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Describe the concept of time management.
2. Develop time management skills.
3. Explain effective time planning.
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3. The Non Important but Urgent Tasks 4. The Non Important and non-Urgent Tasks
REJECT AND EXPLAIN RESIST AND CEASE
• Trivial requests from others • Comfort’ activities, computer
• Apparent emergencies • Games, net surfing, excessive
• Misunderstandings appearing in work • Cigarette breaks
• Pointless routines or activities • Chat, gossip, social
• Communications
• Reading irrelevant and useless material
Fig.9.7.1: Urgent Important Matrix
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain the importance of resume.
2. Discuss basic steps for the preparation of a resume.
9.8.1 Introduction
A resume is a self-advertisement that, when done properly shows how your skills, experience and achievements
match the requirement of the job you want. The resume is a tool with one specific purpose to win an interview.
It convinces the employer that you have what it takes to be a successful in the new career or position.
It also establishes you as a professional person with high standards and excellent writing skills based on the fact
your resume is written well. It also helps you clarify your direction, qualifications and strengths, boost your
confidence or to start the process of committing to a job or a career change.
One must know about a resume that:
• Your resume is to get you an interview not a job
• Your resume will be screened by an employer for just 15-20 seconds. That’s all the time your resume has to
make an impact.
There are different sections on the resume in the same order as mentioned under:
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Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
1. Explain the procedure of an interview.
2. Prepare for interview.
9.9.1 Interview
An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer(s) and the interviewee) where
questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee. An interview is the first and
last hurdle you need to cross in order to get a job.
Common Types of Interview
1. Traditional HR Interview: Most interviews are face to face. The most traditional is a one-on-one conversation
with the HR Executive where the candidate’s focus should be on the person asking question. You are advised
to maintain good eye contact, listen keenly and answer promptly.
2. Panel Interview: In this situation, there is more than one interviewer. A panel ranging from two to ten
members may conduct this part of the selection process. This is an ideal chance for you to display group
management and group presentation skills.
3. Technical interview: The objective of this interview is to basically evaluate technical knowledge. Majority of
the questions will be based on the skills sets mentioned in the candidate’s resume.
4. Telephone Interview: Telephone interviews may also be used as a preliminary interview for candidates who
live far away from the job site.
Before going for an interview, it is important to have clarity of the role you are applying for. It’s also important
that you know where you are applying and who will you be talking to. Your answers should tell the employer that
you are the match they are looking for.
This requires you to do a small research on the following fields:
• Company & Field
• Job Description
• Yourself (Skills, Values & Interests)
• Resume (Experience)
It is important that you dress professionally. It is a proven fact that the way we dress makes a huge difference
in the way we are perceived. 90% of the way you communicate with other people is through body language
(gestures, expressions, etc.) and the first Impression we make. It is very simple to make a great first impression.
For a good first impression it is important those we:
• Smell good
• Have a professional appearance
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Dark shoes (cleaned and polished) and dark socks Jewellery -One set of earrings (preferably knobs)
No beards or Tattoos
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10. Annexure-
Resources
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Unit 1.1 –
Introduction to
1. Introduction Apparel industry
Hand Embroidery https://youtu.be/tN5oLGSjepQ
and Orientation in India
and Apparel
Sector
Unit 1.1 –
Introduction to Traditional
1. Introduction
Hand Embroidery Embroideries of https://youtu.be/Q1tb_q1i6lA
and Orientation
and Apparel India
Sector
Unit 1.2 -
Role and
Role and
Responsibilities
1. Introduction Responsibilities
of Hand https://youtu.be/hmVQB6Xs8SY
and Orientation of Hand
Embroider
Embroiderer
(Addawala)
(Addawala)
Unit 2.1 –
2. Plan and
Introduction Basic Hand
Organize the
of Materials Embroidery
Process of Hand https://youtu.be/qK6HNiBecQI
and Equipment Materials and
Embroidery
Required for Tools
(Adda)
Hand Embroidery
2. Plan and
Organize the Unit 2.2 –
Basic Elements of
Process of Hand Knowledge of https://youtu.be/MshxnTQW4qU
Design
Embroidery Design & Color
(Adda)
2. Plan and
Organize the Unit 2.2 –
Principles of
Process of Hand Knowledge of https://youtu.be/9EPTM91TBDU
Design
Embroidery Design & Color
(Adda)
2. Plan and
Transfer The
Organize the Unit 2.3 –
Embroidery
Process of Hand Preparation for https://youtu.be/pxqdHBQfAw0
Pattern Onto
Embroidery Embroidery
Fabric
(Adda)
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Unit 3.1 –
3. Carry out the
Carrying out
process of Hand Hand Embroidery
Different Types https://youtu.be/BlpnAN6x394
Embroidery Stitches
of Stitches – Flat
(addawala)
Stitches
4. Embroider
Decorative Unit 4.1 – Use
Designs using a Different Types of 3D Rose Flower
https://youtu.be/nlGX5a919t8
Combination of Hand Embroidery Embroidery
Stitches & Work Techniques
Styles
4. Embroider
Decorative Unit 4.1 – Use
Designs using a Different Types of Mirror Work
https://youtu.be/idd-aIUqCkI
Combination of Hand Embroidery Stitch
Stitches & Work Techniques
Styles
4. Embroider
Unit 4.3 –
Decorative
Common
Designs using a
Embroidery Make a tapestry https://youtu.be/47-feKAVF_c
Combination of
Techniques in
Stitches & Work
India
Styles
4. Embroider
Decorative Unit 4.4 –
Embroidery
Designs using a Embroidery
defects & their https://youtu.be/Wt2iPKP3Wzo
Combination of Defects and Their
rectification
Stitches & Work Rectification
Styles
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7. Maintain a
Unit 7.1 –
Healthy, Safe and Health related
Maintain Health,
Secure Working threats in apparel
Safety and https://youtu.be/POlQ27GQZp0
Environment industry and
Security at Work
with Gender and control on them
Place
PwD Sensitization
7. Maintain a
Healthy, Safe and
Secure Working Unit 7.2 – First
First aid https://youtu.be/DQ7JPNgU8Wg
Environment Aid & CPR
with Gender and
PwD Sensitization
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https://youtu.be/MuJMt-LW0Uk
Scan QR code to access e-book
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