10

English
Quarter 2–Module 7: Week 7
Writing an Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to
Include Key Structure Elements and Language Features

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Janet N. Santos
Editor: Leolinda C. Quimzon
Reviewer: Carolina C. Tayag
Illustrator: Janet N. Santos
Layout Artist: Paolo B. Paras
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando,
Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing an
Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Key Structure Elements and
Language Features.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing an
Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Key Structure Elements and
Language Features.

Writing exposition is a good exercise in formulating thoughts, generating ideas, and

conveying significant points to other people. Through writing, you are capable of analyzing
what you read, interpret, and think.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
 What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to analyze and to
organize thoughts, ideas, feelings, and experiences through written composition.
Your aim as a facilitator is to explain and clarify facts, ideas or beliefs using various
techniques of exposition.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.

For the learner

Writing has been one of the first skills we have learned in school. In writing
we can do more. It is a significant tool in the delivery of ideas, impression, and
concepts.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. identify types of expository writing;
2. arrange logically sentences using transitional signals; and,
3. write specific types of expository essays based on current issue.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is the act of explaining something?

A. discussion C. exposition
B. evaluation D. revision
2. Which is the best way in planning an organized expository essay?
A. using concept maps C. using outlines
B. using diagrams D. using Venn diagrams
3. What expository essay type discusses how an important issue happens and
what the ensuing result is?
A. Cause and Effect C. Problem and Solution
B. Compare and Contrast D. Process Essay
4. How do you conclude an essay or expository writing?
A. by narrating a story
B. by presenting the important idea
C. through a good reflection of the idea
D. by restating and summarizing the essay‟s body and leaving with a
final impression
5. Which connective is used to link contrasting ideas?
A. and C. next
B. however D. so
Lesson Writing an Exposition or Discussion on a
Familiar Issue to Include Key Structural
7 Elements and Language Features
Written communication is an important element of expressing oneself which
provides an opportunity to impart knowledge in a significant and effective way.

What’s In

The features and key structure elements of an expository writing explore on all
angles of particular topic in an effort to teach the reader something he might not
know. The language needs to be appropriate for intended audience or readers.
Language and style depend on form and purpose.

In your answer sheet, copy the heart before each number. Then, put a check
mark if the sentence tells something about expository writing. Do this in your answer
sheet.

1. Expository writing is a type of oral or written discourse that explains,

describes, and gives information or inform.
2. The writer of exposition assumes that the reader or listener has prior
knowledge of the topic discussed.
3. The primary purpose of exposition is not to amuse but to enlighten and
instruct.
4. The expository essay focusses in explaining facts.
5. An expository essay has three parts: the introduction, the body, and the
conclusion.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
What’s New
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the
learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its
spiral progression.
 What’s New

Look at the two illustrations. Spot the difference.

How do they differ? Which room could stimulate comprehension and

learning?

A B

There are a number of differences between the two, otherwise similar images.
Classroom A has a mucky chalkboard, wall vandalism, cluttered pieces of paper and
fruit peel, and disarranged chairs. Classroom B, on the other hand, is a clean and
organized room.

The cluttered classroom A can be more of a distraction than an aid to

learning, likewise with a poor written composition which fails to convey correct
information and substantial ideas. While the neat and organized classroom B creates
an atmosphere conducive to learning. Equally, a good exposition which is carefully
planned and organized can transport accurate information and ideas to the readers.

What is It

Exposition is a type or kind of writing that defines, interprets, explains, and exposes.
To distinguish it from the other forms, exposition is all writing that does not tell a story of
fiction and poetry or maintain a position. Expository writings are writings from textbooks,
news, magazines, articles or any other type of publication. Writing an essay test is also an
example of expository writing.
 There are 5 types of exposition:
1. Descriptive essay describes a person, place or some interesting, and unusual
experiences.
Example: A person who has influenced me most is my grandmother. My
grandmother raised me to be sensitive, cheerful, and compassionate. She is
someone I deeply love and cherish.

2. Cause and Effect is about how the important issue happens and what the
ensuing result is.
Example: One of the most common reasons for a decreased feeling of self- worth
as an adult is bullying that occurred in the person’s past. When a child
experienced a wide range of negative physical and emotional influences it will
lead to low self-esteem.

3. Compare and Contrast takes comparison between two subjects explaining their
similarities and differences.
Example: Computers can be used to communicate easily likewise with a mobile
phone. However, mobile phones can be operated from anywhere but in
computer, you can’t.

4. Problem and Solution talks about a relevant problem and analyzes the solution
for it.
Example: There has been a surge in teen pregnancies these days. Teen
pregnancies make it hard for mothers to pursue their dreams. However, this can
be prevented through abstinence.

5. Sequence or Process answers the question “How to….?” It teaches and explains
the process.
Example: To make a paper airplane, the first thing you need to do is to take out a
plain sheet of paper. Next fold the paper down the center. Then, fold the top
corners down to meet the center line…

An expository writing, regardless of its purpose, should have at least 5 paragraphs:

the first paragraph is the introduction; the next three paragraphs is the body; and the last
paragraph is the conclusion.
The introduction should state the topic of the essay. This is the substance of the
entire writing which points the main idea. It should give a brief sign posts of what the
information the essay will include.
The body section should focus on main points, supported by evidences. These
supporting evidences may include reasons, facts, statistics, quotations, examples or a mix of
these. Transitional markers or connectives are used in these paragraphs to connect one
idea to the next.
The concluding paragraph gives a concise summary of the body paragraph. It
should tie the ideas, transitions and examples together to give the reader something to think
about.
Connectives are also used in essay. These are words or phrases that show the
logical relationship between the points. They help to achieve a smooth essay flow. They are
carefully assembled and creatively applied to ensure that sentences in the paragraph make
sense. Here are some connectives used in essay:
1. Connectives showing cause and effect; as a result, thus, hence, due to, consequently
2. Connectives adding information; also, for example, such as, besides, further,
moreover
3. Connectives for succession; first, second, third, after that, finally
4. Connectives showing comparison and contrast; but, however, although, on the other
hand, instead
5. Connectives summarizing essay; to sum up, in conclusion, in short
6. Pronouns also act as connectives. (he, she, it, they, etc.)

Steps in writing an expository essay

1. Choose a topic: The topic should meet the writer‟s level of interest. It should give an
ease in finding sources. The writer should have the ability to explain the issues to
the readers.
2. Do research: After choosing the topic, it‟s time to do a research. Read broadly a
variety of articles about the topic. Take notes on the possible point that could be
covered in the essay.
3. Choose examples: The best way to choose examples is to mix the most common
issues discussed about the topic along with some rarely discussed.
4. Write an outline: It may start with an interesting introduction by telling a story or
citing a statistic. The succeeding paragraphs should cite examples based on the
topic. The last paragraph is the conclusion which drives home the significance of
the topic.
5. Craft thesis statement: It should lean on what the writer is going to convey to
the readers.
6. Write the essay: After the outline, put the research into writing the essay. Use
transitional words to reinforce supporting facts.
7. Proofread and edit.
Check your work for any grammatical and spelling mistakes and check if the
information is presented in a proper logical sequence.
Writing several drafts and editing your essay as many times as possible and
as required to make sure that it is free from any lapses or errors is advisable.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Identify the type of expository essay being described. Write your answer in your
answer sheet. Choose from the pool of words below.

Sequence or Process Essay Descriptive Essay

Compare and Contrast Essay Cause and Effect Essay
Problem and Solution Essay
 1. It talks about a relevant problem and analyzes the solution for it.
2. It is an essay that tackles on the similarities and differences between two
different ideas, subjects or issues.
3. It describes a person, an object, a situation, a place, or something interesting
and unusual experience.
4. It is an essay that teaches and explains a particular process.
5. It unfolds how an important issue happens and what the ensuing result is.

Independent Assessment 1

Identify what type of essay is used in each paragraph. Write your answers in your
answer sheet.

1. 'Chocolate chip cookies are one of the most popular desserts in the world.
They can either be crispy or soft and have a sweet smell to them reminiscent
of a bakery. They taste rich and melt in your mouth. When they bake, they
'wrinkle' up in the oven, and the combination of the nooks and crannies in the
dough with the mouth-watering chocolate chips on top make them hard to
resist.'
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-expository-writing-definition-examples.html#:~:text=Five%20of%20the%
20most%20common,essays%20and%20problem%2Fsolution%20essays.

2. For other people, quitting smoking is a little bit hard to do or worse it is really
difficult to do. However, if one is really into quitting, then it may not be easy
but it is possible. To quit smoking, one must do the following. First, choose a
date for a quit day. Next, imagine a life without cigarettes and expect it. Then,
have one last cigarette as a „goodbye day cigarette‟. Make sure, too, that you
are among people who support your decision to quit. Keep your goal in
perspective and never fall for any substitute. Last, make yourself
accountable. Sooner or later, you will note that eventually you are a smoke-
quitter one day.

3. Both Washington, DC, and London offer a wide array of museums that harbor
many of the world‟s most prized treasures. While Washington, DC, has the
National Gallery of Art and several other Smithsonian galleries, London‟s art
scene and galleries have a definite edge in this category. From the Tate
Modern to the British National Gallery, London‟s art ranks among the world‟s
best. These difference and advantage have much to do with London and
Britain‟s historical depth compared to that of the United States. London has a
much richer past than Washington, DC, and consequently has a lot more
material to pull from when arranging its collections. Both cities have thriving
theater districts, but again, London wins this comparison, too, both in quantity
and quality of theater choices.
-Scott McLean in Writing for Success
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-engl111/chapter/comparecontrast-essays/
Independent Activity 2

The sentences below are lifted from the texts in the previous activity. Write the
connectives that are used to link the ideas together by answering the given
questions. Do this in your answer sheet.

A. 'Chocolate chip cookies are one of the most popular desserts in the world.
They can either be crispy or soft, and have a sweet smell to them reminiscent
of a bakery.

1. What connects the first sentence to the second sentence?

A. and B. or C. they
2. In the second sentence, what connects the word crispy to the word soft?
A. and B. either…or C. they
B. For other people, quitting smoking is a little bit hard to do or worse, it is really
difficult to do. However, if one is really into quitting, then it may not be easy
but it is possible.
3. What connects the first sentence to the next sentence?
A. but B. however C. or
4. In the second sentence, what connective is used to contrast the ideas
between easy and possible?
A. but B. however C. or
C. Both Washington, DC, and London offer a wide array of museums that harbor
many of the world‟s most prized treasures. While Washington, DC, has the
National Gallery of Art and several other Smithsonian galleries, London‟s art
scene and galleries have a definite edge in this category.
5. Which connective shows the similarity between Washington, DC and London?
A. both…and B. that C. while

Independent Assessment 2

Underline the appropriate idea in the parenthesis to complete the meaning

expressed in the indicated connective. Do this in your answer sheet.

1. Some of the social impacts of COVID-19 are cancellation or postponement of

large-scale sports and tournaments and (slowing of the manufacturing of essential
goods/ social distancing with our peers and family members).
2. The newly–hired employee rarely produced a day‟s work; consequently, (he lost
his job/ he got promoted).
3. First, boil the water; then, (put the pasta/ strain the pasta).
4. The electric transformer has crashed; eventually (the power will go off/ linemen
will fix the problem).
5. The speaker had a monotonous voice; furthermore, (the audience obviously lost
interest/ he jumped from one idea to another).
Independent Activity 3
A good expository essay follows a logical sequence of ideas and is properly
structured in order to convey the message it wants to deliver.
Below is an example of a cause and effect essay. Read it carefully then, write
all the transition signals/connectives you can find. Lastly, answer all the questions
below which are about the structure of an expository essay.

History shows that human beings have come a long way from where they started.
They have developed new technologies, which mean that everybody can enjoy luxuries
they never previously imagined. However, the technologies that are temporarily making this
world a better place to live could well prove to be an ultimate disaster due to, among other
things, the creation of nuclear weapons, increasing pollution and loss of animal species.
The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the
creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend
themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of
what is needed for defense. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction
of the entire planet.
Another harm caused by human activity to this earth is pollution. People have become
reliant on modern technology, which can have adverse effects on the environment. For
example, reliance on cars causes air and noise pollution. Even seemingly innocent
devices, such as computers and mobile phones, use electricity, most of which is produced
from coal-burning power stations, which further adds to environmental pollution. If we do not
curb the use of fossil fuels, the harm to the environment maybe catastrophic.
Animals have reached extinction on a considerable number of species. This is the
consequence of human encroachment on wildlife habitats, for example deforestation to
expand human cities. Some may argue that such loss of species is natural and has
occurred throughout earth's history. However, the current rate of species loss far exceeds
normal levels, and is threatening to become a mass extinction event.
In summary, there is no doubt that current human activities such as the creation of
nuclear weapons, pollution, and destruction of wildlife, are harmful to the earth. It is
important for us to see not only the short-term effects of our actions, but their long-term
effects as well. Otherwise, human activities will be just another step towards destruction.

1. The first paragraph contains the introduction of the essay. What is the essay
about then?
A. Human activities have led to the development of human technologies.
B. Human activities have made our world a better place to live in spite of
the much destruction we face.
C. Human activities led to advancement in technology but it also caused
the destruction of the planet.
2. The body section of the essay focuses on the main points and the evidences
supporting them. Which paragraphs contain the body section of the given
essay?
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 3, 4, 5
3. The following are the harmful effects of the advancement of technology
except one. Which is it?
A. Earth has been polluted.
B. Nuclear weapons were created.
C. Some animals have reached extinction.
D. Man gets to enjoy luxuries that were not present before.
 4. The conclusion of the essay is reflected on the last paragraph. How do you
conclude an expository essay?
A. by presenting the important idea
B. through a good reflection of the idea
C. by restating and summarizing the essay‟s body and leaving with a final
impression
5. It is evident that the essay has used many transitional signals or connectives.
Why are transitional signals/connectives used in an expository writing?
Choose the best answer.
A. They link words together.
B. They assist in achieving a good paragraph.
C. They show the logical relationship between ideas and points.

Independent Assessment 3

From the given outline, write an expository essay observing the use of appropriate
connectives or transitional markers. Follow the correct paragraph structure as well
(introduction, body/development, and conclusion).

Why the School Year Should Be Shorter in this Pandemic

I. Introduction
Introduce the main point of the essay

II. Shorter school year in this pandemic will benefit both students and teachers
A. Supporting detail
B. Supporting detail

III. Shorter school year in this pandemic will help the government reallocate
millions of pesos from education to health and industry agencies.
A. Supporting detail
B. Supporting detail

IV. Shortening the school year may provide benefits for the parents
A. Supporting detail
B. Supporting detail

V. Conclusion
 What I Have Learned

Copy the sentences below in your answer sheet. Put a check mark ( ✔) before each
number if the sentence tells correct idea about expository writing, and cross mark
(❌ ) if it doesn‟t.

1. Exposition is a writing which does not maintain a position.

2. Transitional devices are used in expository writing.
3. Problem- solution essay is an example of expository writing.
4. Expository writing conveys the writer‟s significant story to other people.
5. The concluding part of an exposition or discourse states the substance of
the entire essay.

What I Can Do

The following is an example of a Problem-Solution Essay. Read carefully each

sentence then arrange the sentences logically to develop one good expository
essay. Write 1 to 5 on the blanks provided. Do this on your answer sheet.
_____ In some countries, especially industrialized ones, the number of obese people
can amount to one third of the population.

_____ Consumption of processed and convenience foods and our dependence

on the car have led to an increase in obesity and reduction in the fitness
level of the adult population.
_____ This is significant as obesity and poor fitness lead to a decrease in life
expectancy
_____ It is therefore important for individuals and governments to work
together to tackle this issue and improve their citizens' diet and fitness.
_____ Changes by individuals to their diet and their physical activity can
increase life expectancy.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/
 Assessment

Write an exposition or discourse of not less than 5 paragraphs about modular

learning amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Choose one type of exposition for the essay.
Other optional topics to choose from:
1. Covid-19 Vaccine in the Philippines
2. Victim Blaming
3. Cyber-bullying

Rubric
Components 4 3 2 1
Topic sentence/ The student The student The student The student
main idea communicates and communicates and communicates and communicates and
expresses main expresses idea with expresses the main expresses the main
idea with high considerate idea with some idea with limited
degree of effectiveness. The effectiveness. The effectiveness. The
effectiveness. The topic sentence is topic sentence is topic sentence is
topic sentence is clear and effective. somehow clear and unclear and very
very strong and effective. weak.
very effective.
Supporting detail The supporting The supporting The supporting The supporting
Sentences details are details are effective details are details are unclear
consistently and are related to somehow clear, and not related to
specific, insightful, the main idea. The sometimes related the main idea. The
and closely related student to the main idea. student
to the main idea. demonstrated The student demonstrated
The student considerable demonstrated limited
demonstrated understanding. some understanding.
thorough understanding.
understanding.
Concluding The closing The closing The closing The closing
sentence sentence is very sentence is strong. sentence is unclear sentence is very
strong. It It somewhat and incorrectly weak, unclear and
summarized the summarized the placed. There was incorrectly placed.
text carefully. text. an attempt to It does not
summarize the text. summarize the text.

Additional Activities

From the list of ideas/ topics below, develop a paragraph using comparison
and contrast.
1. Wattpad and Webtoon
2. Love and Friendship
3. Mathematics and English
4. Facebook and Instagram
5. Shopping at stores or online shopping
 Independent Activity 2 3. Compare and Contrast
2. Process
What I have learned 1. c 1. Descriptive
2. b Independent Assessment 1
1. ✔ 3. b
4. a
2. ✔ 5. a 5. Cause and effect
3. ✔ Independent Assessment 2 4. Sequence or process
4. ❌ 3. Descriptive
1. social distancing 2. Compare and contrast
5. ❌ 2. he lost his job 1. Problem and solution
3. put the pasta Independent Activity 1
What I can do 4. the power will go off What's More
5. he jumped from one idea
2 to another
5. ✔
1 Independent Activity 3 4. ✔
3. ✔
3 However, due to, 2. ❌
5 Although 1. ✔
Another, For example, such as
4 consequence of , for What‟s In
example However,
In summary, such as ,
but, Otherwise, B 5.
D 4.
1. c A 3.
2. b C 2.
3. d C 1.
4. c
5. c What I Know
Independent Assessment 3
Answers vary.
Answer Key
References
Abao, Ethel, Bacus, Remedios and Dayagbal, Filomena. Critical Reading and Writing for Senior High School,
Lorimar Publishing Inc. Metro Manila, Philippines, 2016

”Chocolate chips cookies”

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-expository-writing-definition-
examples.html#:~:text=Five%20of%20the%20most%20common,essays%20and%20problem%2Fsolu
tion%20essays.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-expository-writing-definition-
examples.html#:~:text=Five%20of%20the%20most%20common,essays%20and%20problem%2Fsolu
tion%20essays.

Comparison.eng120, 2005. http://english120.pbworks.com/w/page/19006828/Comparison

How to write an expository essay. Easytigers.com/how-write-expository

“How to write an essay outline.” TeacherVision, 2000. https://www.teachervision.com/writing/sample-

essay-outlines

Scott McLean in Writing Essayhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-

engl111/chapter/comparecontrast-essays/

The Philippines: Feeling the Heat 2

https://trocaire.org/sites/default/files/resources/policy/philippines-climate-change-case-study-pdf

Transition Signals. EAP Foundation. Com. eap.com/writing/cohesion/transition