Finding the Mean and the

Variance of the Sampling

Distribution of the Sample
Means

Illustrative Example:
The following table gives the sum of tutorial rate of six teachers in
Central Luzon per month. Suppose that random samples of size 4 are
taken from this population of six teachers, do the following tasks.

Teacher Tutorial Rate (in thousand pesos) X

A 8
B 12
C 16
D 20
E 24
F 28
 1. Solve for the mean of the population μ.
2. Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means μx.
3. Compare μ and μx̅ .
4. Solve for the variance (σ2 ) and the standard deviation (σ) of the
population.
5. Solve the variance (σ2 x̅ ) and the standard deviation (σx̅ ) of the sampling
distribution of the sample means μx̅ .
6. Compare σ and σx̅ .

Solutions:
1. The population mean μ is solved as follows.
ΣX 8 + 12 + 16 + 20 + 24 + 28 108
𝜇= = = = 18
6 6
Therefore, the population mean of the tutorial rates of the select
teachers in Central Luzon is 18 thousand pesos per month.

2. To solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means,
the following steps are to be considered.
a. Identify the possible samples of size 4 and compute their
individual means.

Sample Mean ̅
Possible Sample
𝐗
14
8, 12, 16, 20 15
8, 12, 16, 24 16
8, 12, 16, 28 16
8, 12, 20, 24 17
8, 12, 20, 28 18
8, 12, 24, 28 17
8, 16, 20, 24 18
8, 16, 20, 28 19
8, 16, 24, 28 20
8, 20, 24, 28 18
12, 16, 20, 24 19
12, 16, 20, 28 20
12, 16, 24, 28 21
12, 20, 24, 28 22
16, 20, 24, 28
 b. Construct the sampling distribution table for the sample means
and multiply the sample means to their probabilities.
Sample Mean ̅ Frequency Probability
𝐗• P (𝐗)
𝐗
14 F P (𝐗)
15 1 1/15 14/15
16 1 1/15 15/15
17 2 2/15 32/15
18 2 2/15 34/15
19 3 3/15 54/15
20 2 2/15 38/15
21 2 2/15 40/15
22 1 1/15 21/15
Total 1 1/15 22/15
15 15/15 or 1 270/15 = 18

c. Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample

means by using the following formula 𝜇𝑥̅ = Σ[𝑋
̅ • 𝑃( 𝑋
̅ )].

̅ • 𝑃( 𝑋
̅ )] = 270
𝜇𝑥 = Σ[𝑋 = 18
15
Therefore, the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample means is 18.

3. The population mean μ is 18 and the mean of the sample means μx̅ is
18. Therefore, μ = μx̅ .

4. To solve for the variance (σ2 ) and the standard deviation (σ) of the
population, the given table below will be utilized.

X X2
8 64
12 144
16 256
20 400
24 576
28 784
108 2 224
 Variance: Standard Deviation:

Σ𝑋 2 ΣX 2 Σ𝑋 2 ΣX 2
𝜎2 = −( ) 𝜎=√ −( )

2 224 108 2 2 224 108 2

𝜎2 = −( ) 𝜎=√ −( )

𝜎 2 = 4.67 𝜎 = 6.83
Therefore, the variance of the population is 4.67 and the standard
deviation is 6.83.

5. To solve for the variance (σ2̅x ) and the standard deviation (σ̅ x ) of the
sampling distribution of the sample means, the following steps are
to be considered.
a. The following formula will be utilized to solve for the variance
(σ2 x̅ ) and the standard deviation (σx̅ ) of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
Variance: Standard Deviation:

𝜎 2 𝑥 = Σ [𝑋̅ 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]
̅ − 𝜇2
𝑥 𝜎𝑥 = √Σ [𝑋̅ 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]
̅ − 𝜇2 𝑥

b. Construct the sampling distribution table for the sample

means, square the sample means and multiply the result to
the probabilities.

Sample Mean ̅ Probability

𝐗2 𝐗2 • P (𝐗)
𝐗
14 P (𝐗)
15 196 1/15 196/15
16 225 1/15 225/15
17 256 2/15 512/15
18 289 2/15 578/15
19 324 3/15 972/15
20 361 2/15 722/15
21 400 2/15 800/15
22 441 1/15 441/15
Total 484 1/15 484/15
2 976 15/15 or 1 4 930/15 or 328.67
 c. Solve for the variance and standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample means by using the given formula.

Variance: Standard Deviation:

𝜎 2 𝑥 = Σ [𝑋̅ 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]
̅ − 𝜇2
𝑥 𝜎𝑥 = √Σ [𝑋̅ 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]
̅ − 𝜇2 𝑥

𝜎 2 𝑥 = 328.67 − (18)2 𝜎𝑥 = √328.67 − (18)2

𝜎 2 𝑥 = 4.67 𝜎𝑥 = 2.16

Therefore, the variance and the standard deviation of the

sampling distribution of the sample means are 4.67 and
2.16, respectively.

6. The variance of the population and sample mean are equal with the
value of 4.67. The standard deviation of the population is 6.83 and
standard deviation of the sample means is 2.16. Therefore, σ ≠ σ ̅x.

The existing relationship of the variance and standard deviation of the

population to the mean of the sample means has something to do with
Central Limit Theorem which will be discussed in the next module.

What’s More

This time help each other to discover level up skills in answering the
following activity about the mean and the variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.

Situation: After considering the first example on the previous part of

this module, Harvey has some questions and difficulties in solving the
mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means.
Help Harvey in acquiring desired skills by doing the given activity below.

Direction: With the given problem on the next page, complete the tables
and the solutions to have a complete and full discussion of computing the
mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of sample means. On
your answer sheets, copy and answer the problem with complete tables
and solutions.
 A group of ABM students in Hermosa National High School
planned to have an online business as part of their Applied
Subject, Entrepreneurship. Their shares are ₱ 2 000.00, ₱ 3
000.00, ₱ 4 000.00, ₱ 5 000.00, and ₱ 6 000.00. A sample size of
2 is to be taken from this population as part of their market
roblem

analysis. Complete the following tasks to help the ABM students

in their market analysis. (A) Solve for the mean of the population
μ. (B) Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample means μx . C) Compare μ and μx . (D) Solve for the
variance (σ2 ) and the standard deviation (σ) of the population.
(E) Solve the variance (σ2 ̅ )) and the standard deviation (σ ̅ ) of the
sampling distribution of the sample means μx . (F) Compare σ
and σx .

Let us take a look at the solution below for Task A in the problem and
take note of the process of computing for the final answer.
Take note that you are going to fill in the area for the Formula to proceed
to the next tasks.

X Values = ₱ 2 000.00, ₱ 3 000.00,

Given ₱ 4 000.00, ₱ 5 000.00, ₱ 6 000.00
N=5

Unknown Mean of the Population μ

kA

Formula (1) .
olution for

2 000 + 3 000 + 4 000 + 5 000 + 6 000

𝜇=
5
Solution 20 000
𝜇=
5
𝜇 = 4 000
Therefore, the population mean of the shares
Conclusion of the group of ABM Students to their
planned online business is ₱ 4 000.00.

At this point, let us answer Task B in the problem and familiarize

yourself to the table construction and the sample mean computations.
In here, complete the table on the next page by solving for the sample
mean of the possible samples.
 Possible Samples Sample Mean 𝐗
2 000.00, 3 000.00 2 500.00
2 000.00, 4 000.00 (2) .
B

2 000.00, 5 000.00 3 500.00

for Ta

2 000.00, 6 000.00 (3) .

3 000.00, 4 000.00 3 500.00
3 000.00, 5 000.00 (4) .
Table

3 000.00, 6 000.00 4 500.00

4 000.00, 5 000.00 (5) .
4 000.00, 6 000.00 5 000.00
5 000.00, 6 000.00 (6) .

As part of Task B, complete the sampling distribution table for the

sample means and multiply the sample means to their probabilities and
supply the missing values.

Sample Mean ̅ Frequency Probability

𝐗 • P (𝐗)
𝐗 f P (𝐗)
2 500.00
1 1/10 2 500.00/10
3 000.00
kB

1 1/10 3 000.00/10
3 500.00
2 2/10 7 000.00/10
4 000.00
bl 2 for

2 2/10 8 000.00/10
4 500.00
2 2/10 9 000.00/10
5 000.00
1 1/10 5 000.00/10
5 500.00
1 1/10 5 500.00/10
Total 40 000.00/10
10 10/10 or 1
or 4 000.00

You are now ready to complete Task B by mean of the sampling

distribution of the sample means μx̅ .
Take note that you are going to fill in the area for the Conclusion to
proceed to the next tasks.
B Given Σ[X • P(X)] = 40 000.00/10 or 4 000.00

Mean of the Sampling Distribution of the

Unknown
Sample Means μx .
ol tio for Ta

Formula 𝜇𝑥 = Σ[𝑋 • 𝑃(𝑋)]

Solution 𝜇𝑥 = ₱ 4 000.00

Conclusion (7) .

Based on the given answers with their corresponding solutions, Task C

is ready to be accomplished.

Answer for Task C

The population mean μ is ₱ 4 000.00 and the mean of the sample means μx
is also ₱ 4 000.00. Therefore, μ = μx .

Next in line is the solution below for Task D that deals with the
computation of the variance and the standard deviation of the population.
Complete first the given table and proceed with the main solution by
squaring the values of the random variable X.

X X2
Table 1 for Task D

2 000.00 4 000 000.00

3 000.00 (8) .
4 000.00 16 000 000.00
5 000.00 (9) .
6 000.00 (10) .
20 000.00 90 000 000.00

Task D will be finished after the computation of the variance and the
standard deviation using the completed data from the table above.
Complete the solution on the next page by filling in the incomplete
portions.
 Given ƩX = 20 000.00; N = 5; ƩX2 = 90 000 000.00

Unknown Variance (σ2 ) of the Population

Σ𝑋 2 ΣX 2
Formula 𝜎2 = −( )

2
2
90 000 000.00 20 000
𝜎 = −( )
5 5
Solution 𝜎 2 = 18 000 000.00 − (4 000.00)2
𝜎 2 = 18 000 000.00 − 16 000 000.00
𝜎2 = (11) .
Therefore, the variance of the population is
Conclusion
₱ (11) .
s D
Solution for

Given ƩX = 20 000.00; N = 5; ƩX2 = 90 000 000.00

Unknown Standard Deviation ( σ ) of the Population

2
Σ𝑋 2 ΣX
Formula 𝜎=√ −( )

2
90 000 000.00 20 000
𝜎=√ −( )
5 5
Solution 𝜎 = √18 000 000.00 − (4 000.00)2

𝜎 = √18 000 000.00 − 16 000 000.00

𝜎= (12) .

Therefore, the standard deviation of the

Conclusion
population is ₱ (12) .

We are on our way to the finish line! Let us answer Task D in the given
problem and always be keen in observing the processes in constructing the
tables and the computations in solving for the variance and standard
deviations of the sample means.
 To proceed to the complete solution, complete first the table below so
that the given values will be completed.
Square the sample means and multiply the results to its corresponding
probabilities.

Sample
Probability
Mean 𝐗2 𝐗2 • P (𝐗)
P (𝐗)
𝐗
2 500.00 6 250 000.00 1/10 6 250 000.00/10

3 000.00 9 000 000.00 1/10 9 000 000.00/10

E

3 500.00 12 250 000.00 2/10 24 500 000.00/10

for Ta

4 000.00 16 000 000.00 2/10 32 000 000.00/10

ble

4 500.00 20 250 000.00 2/10 40 500 000.00/10

5 000.00 25 000 000.00 1/10 25 000 000.00/10

5 500.00 30 250 000.00 1/10 30 250 000.00/10

167 500 000.00/10
Total 119 000 000.00 10/10 or 1
or 16 750 000.00

Using the data from the above table, compute for the variance and
standard deviation of the sample means.
Complete the table on the next page so that the solutions will be useful
for a better understanding of the last part of the lesson.
By the way, note that after the comparison of the computed variances
and standard deviations of the population and the sample means, you will
be able to explore the continuity of the application of your learned concepts
from this module to the next module which has something to do with
Central Limit Theorem.
Do not stop. Way to go, leaners! Make your academic journey to this
module be continuous and productive.
Go and explore!
 Ʃ[X2 • P (X)] = 167 500 000.00/10 or 16 750
Given
000.00; μx = 4 000.00
Variance (σ2 x ) of the Sampling Distribution of
Unknown the Sample Means μx

Formula 𝜎 2 𝑥 = Σ [𝑋 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)] − 𝜇2 𝑥
2
𝜎 2 𝑥 = 16 750 000.00 − (4 000.00)
Solution 𝜎 2 𝑥 = 16 750 000.00 − 16 000 000.00
𝜎2𝑥 = (13) .
Therefore, the variance of the sampling
Conclusion distribution of the sample mean is ₱ (13) .
E

Ʃ[X2 • P (X)] = 167 500 000.00/10 or 16 750

Solution for Ta

Given 000.00; μx = 4 000.00

Standard Deviation (σx ) of the Sampling

Unknown Distribution of the Sample Means μx

Formula 𝜎𝑥 = √Σ [𝑋 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)] − 𝜇2 𝑥

2
𝜎𝑥 = √16 750 000.00 − (4 000.00)

Solution 𝜎𝑥 = √16 750 000.00 − 16 000 000.00

𝜎𝑥 = √750 000.00

𝜎𝑥 = (14) .

Therefore, the standard deviation of the sampling

Conclusion
distribution of the sample mean is ₱ (14) ..

Given the answers on the variances and standard deviation, with their
corresponding solutions, Task F will be finalized. Complete the answer for
the last number of this portion of the module.

Answer for Task F

The variance of the population is 2 000 000.00 and variance of the sample
mean is 13. 750 000.00. On the other hand, the standard deviation of the
population is 1 414.21 and standard deviation of the sample means is
866.03. Therefore, (15) ..
Central Limit Theorem
Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the
mean approaches a normal distribution, as the sample size increases.

Regardless of the initial shape of the population distribution, if samples

of size n are randomly selected from a population, the sampling distribution
of the sampling means will approach a normal distribution as the sample
size n gets larger.

Central Limit theorem is important because it teaches researchers to use a

limited sample to make intelligent and accurate conclusions about a greater
population. It also justifies the use of normal curve methods for a wide range of
problems.

According to the central limit theorem, the mean of a sample of data will
be closer to the mean of the overall population in question, as the sample
size increases, notwithstanding the actual distribution of the data.