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Section 2 - Arrays

This document discusses concepts related to CS50 including compilation, arrays, strings, command-line arguments, and program design. It provides examples of C code using these concepts and explains steps like compiling and running programs from the command line.

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Hoàng Minh Thắng
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10 views56 pages

Section 2 - Arrays

This document discusses concepts related to CS50 including compilation, arrays, strings, command-line arguments, and program design. It provides examples of C code using these concepts and explains steps like compiling and running programs from the command line.

Uploaded by

Hoàng Minh Thắng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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This is CS50

Think.
Pair.
Share.
● What are the steps involved in compilation?
● What are arrays?
● What are strings?
● What's the point of command-line arguments?
● What are the steps involved in compilation?
● What are arrays?
● What are strings?
● What's the point of command-line arguments?
● What makes for good design?
int main(void)
{
printf("Hello, world");
}
...
main:
# @main
.cfi_startproc
# BB#0:
push %rbp
.Ltmp0:
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
.Ltmp1:
.cfi_offset %rbp, -16
movq %rsp, %rbp
.Ltmp2:
.cfi_def_cfa_register %rbp
01111111010001010100110001000110
00000010000000010000000100000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000001000000000011111000000000
00000001000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
10100000000000100000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000100000000000000
00001010000000000000000100000000
01010101010010001000100111100101
01001000100000111110110000010000
00110001110000001000100111000111
01001000101111100000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000001011000000000000
11101000000000000000000000000000
00000000010010001011111100000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000001001000
$ clang
$ clang hello.c
$ clang -o hello hello.c
$ make hello
Arrays
int hours_1 = 7;
int hours_2 = 9;
int hours_3 = 8;
int hours_4 = 7;
int hours_5 = 8;
hours

7 9 8 7 8
name

hours

7 9 8 7 8
hours

7 9 8 7 8

size
hours type (int)

7 9 8 7 8
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?
name
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?
size
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?
type
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?
int hours[5];

hours

? ? ? ? ?

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


int hours[5];
hours[0] = 7;

hours

7 ? ? ? ?

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


int hours[5];
hours[0] = 7;
hours[1] = 9;

hours

7 9 ? ? ?

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


int hours[5] = {7, 9, 8, 7, 8};
hours

7 9 8 7 8

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


int hours[] = {7, 9, 8, 7, 8};
hours

7 9 8 7 8

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


int hours[] = {7, 9, 8, 7, 8};

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)


{
printf("%i\n", hours[i]);
}
int hours[] = {7, 9, 8, 7, 8};

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)


{
printf("%i\n", hours[i]);
}
Powers of 2

Create a program that prompts the user for a size, n.


Dynamically create an array of that size, where each
element is 2 times the previous one.
Start the array at 1.
Print the array, integer by integer.
Strings
string name = "Emma";
name

E m m a \0

name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3] name[4]


char name[] = {'E', 'm', 'm', 'a', '\0'};

name

E m m a \0

name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3] name[4]


int hours[] = {7, 9, 8, 7, 8};
hours

7 9 8 7 8

hours[0] hours[1] hours[2] hours[3] hours[4]


name[0];
name

E m m a \0

name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3] name[4]


name[1];
name

E m m a \0

name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3] name[4]


A B C … Z

65 66 67 … 90

a b c … z

97 98 99 … 122
string name = "Emma";
name

69 109 109 97 \0

name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3] name[4]


Alphabetical Exercise

Check if a lowercase string's characters are in


alphabetical order. If yes, print "Yes". If no, print "No".

asciichart.com
Command-line
Arguments
$ clang
$ clang mario.c
$ clang -o mario mario.c
$ make mario
int calculate_quarters(int cents)
{
...
}
Function argument(s)

int calculate_quarters(int cents)


{
...
}
int main(void)
{
...
}
int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
...
}
int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
...
}
$ make mario
argv[0] argv[1]
$ ./initials Carter Zenke
$ ./initials Carter Zenke
argv[0] argv[1] argv[2]
$ ./initials Carter Zenke
argv[1][0] argv[2][0]
Initials

Given a name as a set of command-line arguments,


print the initials of that name to the terminal.
This was CS50

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