Architect Job

(4th edition)

UPSC, ISRO, NBCC, LMRC, DMRC, DDA, West Bengal

Haryana, Manipur (Asst. Architect)
(Including Karnataka PG Entrance Exam)

Public Service/Sector Jobs for Architect

B. K. Das
Architect Job
(Question Bank)
4th ed.

ISBN:
Copyright © 2024
B K Das

This Guide Book is a compilation of Questions asked in Competitive Exams for the post of
Architect/ Dy. Architect in various Public Sector Organizations. While all care has been
taken to verify the authenticity of the Answers, still the error might have gone either in
concept or print. The same can be brought to the notice of the author. The materials are
compiled from open internet resources and various standard text books have been referred.

MRP: INR 1200/- (Rupees One Thousand Two Hundred only)

Available on Popular Online stores.

Published by: Kush Brothers

Printed at:
Maa Laxmi Printers
Langer Toli, Patna 800 004

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Contents
UPSC 2023 (CPWD) Asst. Architect ............................................................................................................... 1
UPSC 2019 (MES) ...................................................................................................................................... 18
UPSC 2016 (CPWD).................................................................................................................................... 31
UPSC 2015 (CPWD).................................................................................................................................... 47
ISRO 2020 ................................................................................................................................................. 70
ISRO 2019 ................................................................................................................................................. 77
ISRO 2018 ................................................................................................................................................. 91
ISRO 2017 ................................................................................................................................................107
ISRO 2015 ................................................................................................................................................129
NBCC- 2018 (Sr. Executive) .......................................................................................................................156
NBCC 2018 (Dy. Manager) ........................................................................................................................171
LMRC 2018...............................................................................................................................................184
DMRC (Asst. Manager) Architecture 2015 .................................................................................................210
DMRC (Asst. Manager) Architecture 2015 .................................................................................................225
West Bengal Municipal Service Commission (Architect) 2019 ...................................................................237
West Bengal Municipal Service Commission (Architect) 2016 ....................................................................247
DDA (Planning Asst.) - 2019 ......................................................................................................................259
DDA (Arch. Assistant) 2019 .......................................................................................................................275
DDA (Asst. Director, Planning) - 2019 ........................................................................................................287
DDA (Asst. Director Architecture) - 2019 ...................................................................................................301
DDA (Asst. Director- Landscape) 2019 ......................................................................................................314
Manipur Public Service Commission (Asst. Arch, PWD) 2017 ....................................................................326
Haryana Public Service Commission 2019 .................................................................................................333
DDA 2020 _ Assistant Director (Planning) ..................................................................................................342
DDA 2020_ Planning Assistant ..................................................................................................................353
DDA 2020_ Arch. Asst. ..............................................................................................................................365
Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority- 2021 ..................................................................375
DDA (Planning Assistant 2022) ..................................................................................................................380
DDA -2023 (Arch. Asst.) ............................................................................................................................391

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UPSC 2023 (CPWD) Asst. Architect

Q.1 Tiling, Subdivision, Packing, Weaving, Branching, and Recursion are part of the vocabulary of
(A) Parametric Patterns (B) 3D printing (C) CNC (D) Maya Software
Answer: (A) Parametric Patterns
Tiling Tiling is described mathematically as the arranging of
similar planar shapes to completely cover a given
area without overlapping. Thus, tiling may be thought
of as a natural extension of the concept of repetition,
but in 2D. The tiling pattern frequently relies on an
underlying grid of rows and columns.
Subdivision Surface subdivision is the technique of dividing a
continuous surface into smaller components by
tracing, scoring, or cutting lines through it. To unfold
smooth surfaces and shapes into flat components that
may be digitally manufactured on CNC machines or
laser cutters, designers frequently need to divide them
into smaller parts
Packing It is the placing of several items in an area so that
little or nothing of it is left behind.

Weaving Weaving is the interlacing of two threads at right

angles to one other that results in a textile. The weft
are the lateral threads that do not undulate, whereas
the warp are the longitudinal threads that interlace the
weft. In contrast to tiling and subdivision, a weave,
particularly the warp component, cannot partition the
surface into
repeatable, identical modular pieces.
Branching Branching is a fundamental topological growth
strategy in nature that is used to maximize surface
area, manage resources, and respond to structural
force. Like a tree's limbs, an onion's fibrous root
system, human lungs, or coralline algae. Branching
systems in nature are self-similar and recursive, so
likely to be fractal
Recursion Recursion is a type of repetition in which the
repetition is accomplished by having a process call
itself to create the following iteration. Recursion is
defined as the practice of repeating elements in self-
similar ways.

Q.2 In Computer Aided Design which one of the following is the process of evolutionary development and growth,
generate systems that obtain their complex organization and save from the interaction of system- intrinsic material
capacities and external environmental influences and forces?
(A) Natural morphogenesis (B) Demorphing (C) Branching (D) Differential actuation
Answer: (A) Natural morphogenes
 Demorphing: Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one
image or shape into another through a seamless transition. Demorphing refers to the process of exiting a
morph and returning to one’s natural body.
 Branching is a fundamental topological growth strategy in nature that is used to maximize surface area,
manage resources, and respond to structural force.
 Differential actuation: It is a term of Mechanical engineering.
PUBLIC SERVICE/SECTOR JOBS FOR ARCHITECT
Q.3 Revit automatically uses raster processing for a view if any of the following conditions are considered:
(1) The view uses a shaded or realistic visual style

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(2) The view uses a gradient, sky, or image background

(3) The view contains a coordination model
(4) The view uses point clouds
(A) 1,3 and 4 only (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only (D) 3 and 4 only
Answer: (C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only

Q.4 The slippage at the boundary layer between the earth and its
atmosphere is caused by which of the following forces
(A) Friction force (B) Doldrums force
(C) Coriolis force (D) Adhesive force
Answer: (C) Coriolis force
 Doldrums: Doldrums is a natural phenomenon that
happens near the equator. In addition, it is an oceanic
belt that circles around the globe. The region has low
atmospheric pressure and lack of a significant amount
of wind. Also, the weather in the region is cloudy and
rainy. This zone or region is often known as the
convergence zone or ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence
Zone). Besides, they approximately lie between five
degrees north and five degrees south latitude.

Q.5 Which one of the following refers to construction elements that have the capacity to absorb and store heat?
(A) Heat mass (B) Thermal mass (C) Heat pond (D) Heavy element
Answer: (B) Thermal mass

Q.6 Which one of the following is the term commonly used to describe the exchange of air between a building and
outdoors?
(A) Mass movement (B) Wind well (C) Out filtration (D) Infiltration
Answer: (D) Infiltration
 Infiltration is the unintentional or accidental introduction of outside air into a building, typically through
cracks in the building envelope and through use of doors for passage. Infiltration is sometimes called air
leakage. The leakage of room air out of a building, intentionally or not, is called exfiltration.

Q.7 Which one of the following indexes is the temperature of calm air at 50% relative humidity which imparts the same
thermal sensation as the given environment
(A) Temperature humidity index (B) Thermal sensation index
(C) Heat stress index (D) Tropical summer index
Answer: (D) Tropical summer index

Q.8 Which one of the following is the measure of total heat energy in a refrigerant for every degree of temperature?
(kJ/kg°C)
(A) Latent Heat (B) Entropy (C) Specific Heat (D) Enthalpy
Answer: (C) Specific Heat

Q.9 Index of thermal stress is based on

(A) cooling rate produced by sweating (B) the subjective thermal factors
(C) overheated conditions (D) cavity resistances
Answer: (A) cooling rate produced by sweating

Q.10 Which of the following are pictorial representations of religion history and daily life?
(A) Relographics (B) Pictographics (C) Iconographics (D) Hieroglyphics
Answer: (B) Pictographics
 The pictograph is a method to represent the data using images.
 Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description, and interpretation of the content
of images.
 Hieroglyphic writing, a system that employs characters in the form of pictures.

Q.11 Which one of the following is the ground area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level?
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(A) Closed area (B) Covered area (C) Carpet area (D) Cluster area
Answer: (B) Covered area

Q.12 The author of the best-selling popular novel “The Fountainhead” that has celebrated the idea that the prime
generator of built form is the creative power of the individual architect is
(A) Howard Roark (B) Ayn Rand (C) Peter Keating (D) Ruskin Bond
Answer: (B) Ayn Rand

Q.13 As described by Kevin Lynch in his seminal work “The Image of the City”, which of the following are points
referred as strategic spots in a city into which an observer can enter and which are intensive focus to and from
which he is travelling?
(A) Paths (B) Edges (C) Nodes (D) Landmarks
Answer: (C) Nodes

Q.14 In the various stages of a design process one can observe that
(A) action bridges the gap between goal and intention
(B) there is no difference between forming the intention and specifying the actions
(C) perceiving the action can be equivalent to interpreting the same
(D) the stages are certainly discrete entities
Answer: (A) action bridges the gap between goal and intention

Q.15 Which one of the following is the method of determining relationships between design intentions, possible
actions and their effects or feedbacks to the user system?
(A) Natural Mapping (B) Computational Modelling
(C) Architectural Simulation (D) System Dynamics
Answer: (D) System Dynamics
 Natural Mapping: The term natural mapping comes from proper and natural arrangements for the relations
between controls and their movements to the outcome from such action into the world. The real function of
natural mappings is to reduce the need for any information from a user's memory to perform a task.
 Computational Modelling: Computational modeling is the use of computers to simulate and study complex
systems using mathematics, physics and computer science.
 Architectural Simulation: Building energy simulation or building performance simulation is a process that uses
digital 3D models of buildings to assess their performance regarding energy consumption. This includes the
energy used to heat or cool the building, electricity, and water consumption.
 System Dynamics: System Dynamics is a computer-based mathematical modeling approach for strategy
development and better decision making in complex systems. This approach uses computer-aided simulation
methodology based on feedback systems theory which complements the other Systems Thinking approaches.

Q.16 Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the type of motor used for various purposes
(A) Type M: A high-strength mortar is used in exposed masonry applications
(B) Type S: Medium-strength mortar is used in foundation machinery
(C) Type O: A low-strength motor is used for interior non-load-bearing applications
(D) Type N: Medium strength motor is used where lateral and flexural strength are required
Answer: Type O: A low-strength motor is used for interior non-load-bearing applications

Nature of work Mortar Ratio

(Cement: sand)
1. Pointing work 1:1 to 1:3
2. Reinforced brickwork 1:2 to 1: 3
3. Brickwork (Load bearing) 1: 3 to 1: 4
4. Architectural Work 1: 6
5. Flooring 1: 4 to 1:8

Q.17 Conceptual Estimating

(A) is also known as parametric estimating
(B) should not be used on incomplete or missing drawings
(C) should not be based on incomplete specification
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(D) may not need more time because it is based on a complete case at cost
Answer: (D) may not need more time because it is based on a complete case at cost
 Parametric estimating is a statistical and accuracy-based technique for calculating the time, cost, and
resources needed for project success.
 A conceptual estimate is a preliminary estimate of the total project cost. It's created early on in the planning
process, usually as part of the feasibility analysis. This type of estimate is based on the projected scope of
work and design concepts rather than on finalized building plans.

Q.18 The radiant city concept was originated by

(A) Ebenezer Howard (B) Le Corbusier (C) Clerence Perry (D) Thomas More
Answer: (B) Le Corbusier

Q.19 In the context of seminal work on cities in evolution the pioneer who has articulated the Place- Work- Folk
interrelationships is
(A) Patrick Geddes (B) Ian Bentley (C) Paul Oliver (D) Laurie Baker
Answer: (A) Patrick Geddes

Q.20 Match the following:

Group A Group B
(Historic Cities) (Short Description associated with the city layouts)
P. Venice in 1575 1. The megalopolis of continental Asia
Q. London in 1682 2. The streets of the city are intersected by canals which are spanned by wooden
and stone bridges
R. Shanghai in 1935 3. All the town burned and a miserable site of Paul's church with all the roof
fallen and the body of the quire fallen
Select the correct answer using the code given:

P Q R
(A) 3 1 2
(B) 2 3 1
(C) 3 2 1
(D) 2 1 3

Answer: (B)

Q. 21 On the Ekisticsc scale of Doxiadis, there are

(A) 12 levels of settlement size consisting of a single man to 50 - 60 billion people
(B) 15 levels of settlement size consisting of a single man to 50 - 60 billion people
(C) 15 levels of settlement size consisting of a single man to 30 - 50 billion people
(D) 12 levels of settlement size consisting of a single man to 30 - 50 billion people
Answer: 15 levels of settlement size consisting of a single man to 30 - 50 billion people
Subcategories
1 - Anthropos
2 - Room
3 - House
4 - House Group
5 - Small Neighbourhood or Precinct
6 - Neighbourhood or Village
7 - Small Polis (Small Town or Urban Ecovillage)
8 - Polis (Town or Suburb)
9 - Small Metropolis (City)
10 - Metropolis
11 - Small Megalopolis (Concurbation)
12 - Megalopolis
13 - Small Eperopolis (Urbanised Region)
14 - Eperopolis
15 - Ecumenopolis

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Q.22 In any land use transportation study Lowry model considers the special characteristics of an urban area in terms
of three broad sectors of activity these three broad sectors are
(A) Population, Land use and Transportation (B) Population, Employment and Service sector
(C) Land use, Traffic volume and Service sector (D) Land use, Employment and Transportation
Answer: Wrong Options.
 The Lowry model conceives of the major spatial features of an urban area in terms of three broad sectors of
activity i.e. basic employment sector, the population serving employment and the household sector.

Q.23 Who presented in theory on hexagonal system of settlement pattern with his super imposition of physical
constraints?
(A) Doxiadis (B) Edwin Lutyens (C) Patrick Abercrombie (D) Clarence Stein
Answer: No suitable answer (Walter Christaller in 1933)

Q.24 In the Vedic period, which structure was always kept in the centre of the settlement?
(A) Kings Palace (B) Court (C) Water Pond (D) Temple
Answer: (D) Temple

Q.25 As per the Manual of Architectural Practice (MAP) of the Council of Architecture, India which of the following
tender quotes a fixed price if the quote is varied it involves contractual problems and methodology to arrive at the
rate for addition, deletion and alterations would be necessary and it is to be built in the tender document?
(A) Cost plus fee tender (B) Turnkey tender (C) Lump sum tender (D) BOOT tender
Answer: (C) Lump sum tender

Q.26 As per the architect Act 1972, the architect has to ensure
(A) that his professional activities do not conflict with his general responsibility to contribute to the quality of
the environment and future welfare of the society
(B) that his image within the society is well maintained
(C) that his designs solve the emergencies of environmental degradation
(D) that his designs are of lowest cost to save the country's finances and future welfare of society
Answer: (A) that his professional activities do not conflict with his general responsibility to contribute to the
quality of the environment and future welfare of the society

Q.27 As per section 37 of the Architects Act, 1972 which one of the following title is exempted from legal action even
if the title contains use of the word architect ?
(A) Interior Architect (B) Software Architect (C) Landscape Architect (D) Façade Architect
Answer: Landscape Architect
 Landscape Architect and Naval Architect is exempted.

Q.28 The constitution of Council of Architecture as prescribed by the Architects Act 1972, does not mention which of
the following as one of the members of the Council?
(A) Five architects possessing recognised qualifications elected by the Indian Institute of Architects from
among its members
(B) Two persons nominated by the All India Council for Technical Education established by the resolution of
the Government of India in the late Ministry of Education
(C) An architect from each State nominated by the Government of that State
(D) A woman architect representing any of the States of India
Answer: (D)

Q.29 As per the professional code of conduct architect is liable for action if he
(A) allows his name to appear in attachments inserted in the press by the suppliers manufacturers of
materials used in the buildings he has designed provided his name is included in an unostentatious
manner and does not accept any consideration for its use
(B) exhibits his name outside his office or building completed/ under construction for which he is/ was an
architect in a manner - all open publicity campaign without any signage restrictions
(C) allows his name in brochures prepared by the client for the purpose of advertising promoting projects for
which he has been commissioned
(D) produces or publishes brochures pamphlets describing his experience capabilities for distribution to
those potential clients whom he can identify by name and positions.
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Answer: (B) exhibits his name outside his office or building completed/ under construction for which he is/ was an
architect in a manner - all open publicity campaign without any signage restrictions.
 There is a signage restriction “provided the lettering does not exceed 10 cm in height”.

Q.30 Every architect either in practice or employment is subject to the provisions of the Central Civil Service (Conduct)
Rules and also shall be obliged with which one of the following regulations that have been framed by powers of
Council under section 45 or the Architects Act, 1972
(A) Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1989
(B) Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1964
(C) Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1982
(D) Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1999
Answer: (A) Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1989

Q.31 Dolmen, Robie house, Villa Shodhan and Fallingwater are examples of architectural compositions which can be
categorised under
(A) planar compositions (B) angular designs (C) columnar designs (D) architectural jali designs
Answer: (C) columnar designs

Q.32 Which one of the following is expressed as the heat potential per unit area as a calorific value in joules/𝑚 ?
(A) Light load (B) Fire load (C) Specific load (D) Heat load
Answer: (B) Fire load

Q.33 Which one of the following is the triangular portion of wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof
(A) Girder (B) Motif (C) Gable (D) Plenum
Answer: (C) Gable

Q.34 Which one of the following is a wedge-shaped tread used in circular spiral and turning stairs?
(A) Rabbet (B) Vitreous (C) Valance (D) Winder
Answer: (D) Winder

Q.35 Which of the following buildings is not designed by Le Corbusier

(A) Carpenter Centre for the Visual Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
(B) Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
(C) Mill Owners Association Building, Ahmedabad, India
(D) The High Court, Chandigarh Capital Complex, India
Answer: (B) Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
 Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA- F. L. Wright

Q.36 The natural ventilation principle evident in the Pantheon of Rome is

(A) exhaust vent (B) venting tower (C) wind scoop (D) windbreak
Answer: (A) exhaust vent

Q.37 Saturation in colours is referred to

(A) how light or dark the colour appears (B) purity of the colour
(C) appearance of the colour (D) blackness of the colour
Answer: (B) purity of the colour

Q.38 Which one of the following colour stands out in a relation to other nearby use
(A) Accent colour (B) Descent colour (C) Important colour (D) Analogous colour
Answer: (D) Analogous colour

Q.39 Which one of the following is a progression of whole numbers where in each term is the sum of the preceding
two numbers
(A) Euclidean series (B) Fibonacci series (C) Pythagorean series (D) Golden ratio series
Answer: (B) Fibonacci series

Q.40 Lightning a hue’s normal value by adding white creates

(A) a tone of that hue (B) a tint of that hue (C) a shade of that hue (D) a chroma of that hue

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Answer: (B) a tint of that hue

Q.41 Match the following:

Group A Group B
(Primary Solid Forms) (Description)
P. Sphere 1. A solid generated by the revolution of a right triangle about one side of its sides
Q. Cylinder 2. A polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular faces meeting at a
common point or vertex
R. Pyramid 3. A solid generated by the revolution of a semicircle about its diameter, whose
surface is, at all points equidistant from the center
S. Cone 4. A solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides. It is
centralised about the axis passing through the centres of two circular faces
Select the correct answer using the code given:

P Q R S
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 2 1 4 3
(D) 2 1 3 4

Answer: (B)

Q.42 Natural hues do not include

(A) browns, grays and muted reds (B) purple, black and white
(C) yellow, green and orange (D) brown, green and blue
Answer: (B) purple, black and white
 Hue refers to the pure state of color. It is the natural color without mixing or modifying. The unmixed or
unmodified property of color is Hue.

Q.43 The concept of architecture machine where the machine was supposed to be intelligent enough to carry out the
design while cooperating in a dialogue with the architect was pioneered by
(A) Archigram (B) Stephen Hall (C) Necholas Negroponte (D) Frank Gehry
Answer: (C) Necholas Negroponte

Q.44 Which one of the following is a mathematical model for generating and representing architectural curves and
surfaces?
(A) NURBS (B) BURB (C) AutoCAD (D) SWARM
Answer: (A) NURBS

Q.45 Which one of the following is the low end version of additive fabrication technology optimised primarily for
speed and cost efficiency making it suitable for quick physical models
(A) Steel Fabrication (B) 3D printing (C) Computer-Aided Manufacturing (D) Rapid prototyping
Answer: (B) 3D printing

Q.46 Which one of the following is a measure of the resistance to the motion of sound waves at a given point and is one
of the most important acoustical properties of a material
(A) Impedance (B) Inertia (C) Propagation (D) Velocity
Answer: (A) Impedance

Q.47 Consider the following characteristics in the mechanism of transmission of sound

1. In solids acoustic waves are always composed of the longitudinal and the transfer components for any given
type of excitation these phenomena depend on the type of bonds existing between the particles
2. In liquids the two types of waves always coexist even though the longitudinal vibrations are dominant
3. In gases the longitudinal vibrations are particularly negligible even though their effects can still be observed
particularly near walls limiting the considered space
Which of the above characteristics is/ are correct
(A) 3 only (B) 1, 2 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1 and 2 only
Answer: (D) 1 and 2 only
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Q.48 Which one of the following reflections directed to the opening of the ear canal combine vectorially (according to
relative amplitudes and phases)
(A) Reverberation plane (B) Wavefront (C) Azimuth (D) Quarter wave pipe
Answer: (C) Azimuth

Q.49 The mid/high audible frequencies are called

(A) Emergent frequencies (B) Specular frequencies (C) Mirror frequencies (D) Heavy frequencies
Answer: (B) Specular frequencies

Q.50 Porous absorbents are good for absorbing the sound of

(A) Very low frequency (B) Very narrow band of any frequency
(C) Medium frequency (D) Higher frequency
Answer: (D) Higher frequency

Q.51 Which one of the following equations is correct that shows the relationship between linking velocity of the sound
(c), wavelength (λ) and frequency (f)?
(A) λ= c/f (B) λ= c+f (C) λ = c-f (D) λ= f/c
Answer: (A) λ= c/f

Q.52 Sri Aurobindo Ashram Golconda at Puducherry is the work of

(A) Joseph Allen Stein (B) Frank Lloyd Wright (C) Walter Gropius (D) Raymond Antonian
Answer: (D) Raymond Antonian

Q.53 “Form follows functions” one of the famous slogans widespread in modern design culture is quite by
(A) Louis Sullivan (B) Anthony Giddens (C) Henry Van de Velde (D) Daniel Libeskind
Answer: (A) Louis Sullivan

Q.54 Match the following

Group A Group B
(Renowned Architects) (Philosophical Approaches)
P. Richard Rogers 1. Towards a Critical Regionalism
Q. Hasan Fathy 2. Beliefs in Technology and Scientific Research as a foundation and tool for
Architecture
R. Kennith Frampton 3. Turned to traditional forms and methods of construction, seeking both to
accommodate the needs of the community and to hint a way to being a
revived tradition of building
Select the correct answer using the code given:
P Q R
(A) 1 3 2
(B) 2 1 3
(C) 2 3 1
(D) 1 2 3
Answer: (C)
 Frampton achieved great prominence (and influence) in
architectural education with his essay "Towards a Critical
Regionalism

Q.55 A Famous book, “The Disappearing City” is written by

(A) Frank Lloyd Wright (B) Doxiadis
(C) Ebenezer Howard (D) Gorden Culeen
Answer: (A) Frank Lloyd Wright

Q.56 Excellent integration between structural and decorative design reflects in the work of
(A) Philip Johnson (B) Charles Correa (C) Antonio Gaudi (D) Alvar Aalto
Answer: (C) Antonio Gaudi

Q.57 Bauhaus school of thought was given by

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(A) Walter Gropius (B) Le Corbusier (C) Alvar Aalto (D) Louis Sullivan
Answer: (A) Walter Gropius

Q.58 Consider the following quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4 m long, 3 m high, and 30
cm thick. What is the total cost if the rate of brickwork is Rs 1200 per cu.m and plastering is Rs 20 per sq.m?
(A) Rs 4320 (B) Rs 480 (C) Rs 4800 (D) Rs 1200
Answer: (C) Rs 4800

Q.59 Consider the following statements regarding the process of preparing a building estimate
1. Pointing in walls is calculated in square meter for the whole surface and deduction similar to plastering are
made.
2. Ornamental or large cornices surface art in running meter running foot for the complete work which includes
machinery plastering mouldings etc. and paid for in running metres.
Which of the above statements is/ are correct
(A) 2 only (B) Both 1 and 2 (C) 1 only (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (B) Both 1 and 2

Q.60 Billing rate is also known as

(A) Labour hour (B) In the envelope pay (C) Burdened labour cost (D) Wage rate
Answer: (D) Wage rate
 Bill rate is the rate a client pays a staffing firm for the services of a temporary worker. The bill rate consists
of two parts: the pay rate, which is given to the worker; and the markup, which is given to the staffing
agency.
 In the envelope Pay is an envelope containing one's wages
 Burdened Labour Cost: Typical costs associated with the burden rate include payroll taxes, workers'
compensation, health insurance, paid time off, training, travel expenses, vacation, and sick leave, pension
contributions, and other benefits.
 Wage rate is the amount of base wage paid to a worker per unit of time

Q.61 Which one of the following comes under hydrological disaster?

(A) Volcano (B) Tsunami (C) Landslide (D) Earthquake
Answer: (B) Tsunami

Q.62 Match the following:

Group A Group B
(Disaster) (Ministry)
P. Landslide 1. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Q. Tsunami 2. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
R. City Floods 3. Ministry of Earth Sciences
S. Industrial 4. Ministry of Mines
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 4 3 1 3
(D) 4 3 2 1

Answer: (D)

Q.63 Which one of the following disaster agencies is responsible to provide human resources development and
capacity building for disaster management
(A) NDMA (B) NDRF (C) NIDM (D) NCMC
Answer: (C) NIDM
 Under the Disaster Management Act 2005, NIDM has been assigned nodal responsibilities for human
resource development, capacity building, training, research, documentation and policy advocacy in the
field of disaster management.

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Q.64 Densities below three to four dwelling units per acre, auto dependency, a road system designed to minimize traffic
in residential areas, single-use zoning discontinuous developments and stand-alone buildings essentially trigger the
phenomenon of
(A) Illegal construction (B) Urban Sprawl (C) Conurbation (D) Urban Explosion
Answer: (B) Urban Sprawl

Q.65 Perceived, Conceived and Lived spaces triad is coined by

(A) Charles Correa (B) Louis I. Khan
(C) Henri Lefebvre (D) Le Corbusier
Answer: (C) Henri Lefebvre

Q.66 Canary Wharf development in London Docklands is an example of

(A) Community development (B) New urbanism
(C) Globalization of real estate (D) Classical Urbanism
Answer: (C) Globalization of real estate

Q.67 Recommended walkways for outdoor areas should preferably be of

(A) 1800 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction
(B) 1500 mm of width with a minimum of 0 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction
(C) 1200 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction
(D) 800 mm at least without any obstruction
Answer: (A) 1800 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any
obstruction

Q.68 Eccentricity index of a city is defined as

(A) the percentage of the distance between the CBD and the center of gravity of the population over the
average distance per person to the CBD
(B) the ratio between the average distance per person to the CBD and the average distance to the center of
gravity of a circle whose area would be equal to the built-up area.
(C) the ratio between the average distance per person to the CBD and the area of the city.
(D) the percentage of the distance between the CBD and the area of the city
Answer: (A) the percentage of the distance between the CBD and the center of gravity of the population over
the average distance per person to the CBD

Q. 69 In transit-oriented development
(A) transit stop is not preferred along the arterial road
(B) core commercial zone is preferred at the centre of the neighbourhood
(C) maximum of twenty percent should be public use zone
(D) multiple and parallel routes may not be provided
Answer: (D) multiple and parallel routes may not be provided

Q.70 Outbreak of Legionella disease which have been attributed to the growth of bacteria in stagnant water in wet
cooling towers, are examples of
(A) bad design of air- -conditioning (B) sick building syndrome
(C) climate change affecting the building services (D) post-pandemic building service failures
Answer: (A) bad design of air- conditioning

Q.71 Consider the following statements with respect to resource planning in construction project management.
1. Resource allocation shall be done by reallocating the slack resources from non-critical path to critical path
activity in order to obtain a reduction of time or by shifting the activities within the floats available with them
to obtain optimum uniform resource requirements.
2. Resource leveling is where the feasibility of the network shall be checked with respect to manpower
equipment materials other resources required at the site
Which of the above statements is/ are correct?
(A) Both 1 and 2 (B) 1 only (C) 2 only (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (A) Both 1 and 2

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Q.72 Which one of the following is not associated with the pre-construction phase of the project?
(A) Scope planning (B) Scope definition (C) Scope validation (D) Scope verification
Answer: (C) Scope validation
 Scope Definition – Developing a detailed project scope statement as the basis for future project decisions.
 Scope Planning – Creating a project scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be
defined, verified, controlled, and how the work breakdown structure (WBS) will be created and defined.
 Scope Validation is the process of ensuring that the project deliverables are completed according to the
agreed scope and quality standards, and that the customer formally accepts them.
 Scope Verification in project management is the process of evaluating whether the project product or
service meets the requirements or specifications of the project scope and deliverables.

Q.73 In construction project management PERT refers to

(A) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (B) Project Evaluation and Review Time
(C) Project Extension and Review Time (D) Program Evaluation and Research Technique
Answer: (A) Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Q.74 Damp proofing technique

(A) is basically a liquid-applied damp proofing.
(B) involves placing a bituminous-based tar like coating on the area.
(C) involves plastering a cement-based mixture over the area.
(D) is intended to resist water pressure.
Answer: (D) is intended to resist water pressure.

Q.75 Which one of the following is the maximum population size of his species that an ecosystem or habitat can
support indefinitely?
(A) Maximum city (B) Sustainability (C) Carrying capacity (D) Biomagnification
Answer: (C) Carrying capacity

Q.76 Acronym PRASAC represents

(A) Conservation protective and intervening measures (B) Construction of housing for slums
(C) Development of urban transport infrastructure (D) Preservation of water bodies
Answer: (A) Conservation protective and intervening measures

Q.77 Which one of the following is saving the property from fire and other damages
(A) Destruction (B) Salvage (C) Preservation (D) Refurbishment
Answer: (B) Salvage

Q.78 Traditional stucco is a mixture of

(A) cement sand and lime (B) lime and cement (C) cement and surkhi (D) lime, spirit and sand
Answer: (A) cement sand and lime

Q.79 In the context of building automation systems ATAMS is known as

(A) Automated Technical Architectural Mechanical Services
(B) Automated Asset Management System
(C) Automated Architectural Management System
(D) Autonomous Advantage Modular System
Answer: None of the options are correct.
 Automated Transaction and Asset Management System (ATAMS)

Q.80 In building automation systems control loop hunting refers to

(A) problem with the loop turning parameters of the control loop which exhibits itself during off hours.
(B) problems with the loop tuning which exhibits itself during full load situations.
(C) problem with the control loop which exhibits itself during extreme load on the building services.
(D) problem with the control loop with Information Technology system of the building.
Answer: (C) problem with the control loop which exhibits itself during extreme load on the building services.
 a phenomenon called hunting occur in which the system first overcorrects itself in one direction and then
overcorrects itself in the opposite direction.

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Q.81 ASHRAE’s single uniform standard for building control systems with the ultimate goal of standardization in
interoperability is known as
(A) BACnet (B) LEED (C) SHRA (D) ANSI
Answer: (A) BACnet

Q.82 Stand-alone sensors connected to virtual networks will wake up on demand and send us information only when
required as the number of wireless devices available for building applications such as HVAC, lighting and security
control grows so does the challenge of how to power them efficiently and independently.
In the paragraph above, the best way to achieve the mentioned objective is
(A) Energy-harvesting technique (B) Use of conventional energy
(C) Latent energy (D) Lithium battery stored energy
Answer: (D) Lithium battery stored energy

Q.83 Which of the following is not considered as part of building automation

(A) Fire and smoke detectors (B) Occupancy sensors to control lighting
(C) Thermostats to control room temperature (D) Wireless sensors
Answer: No appropriate answer

Q.84 Which one of the following is the first hotel in the world to have a platinum rating and the LEED’s existing
building program
(A) ITC Maurya, New Delhi (B) Holiday Inn, New Delhi
(C) The Golconda Hotel, Hyderabad (D) The Leela Ambience Hotel, New Delhi
Answer: (A) ITC Maurya, New Delhi

Q.85 Which one of the following is the local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding areas?
(A) Ambient Climate (B) Mesoclimate (C) Microclimate (D) Bioclimate
Answer: (C) Microclimate

Q.86 Which one of the following is a linear white and shallow depression used to temporarily store route or filter runoff
(A) Swale (B) Channel (C) Screen (D) Invert
Answer: (A) Swale

Q.87 Which one of the following is outward sloping concrete support to the site of the pipe or channel above the
concrete bedding
(A) Channeling (B) Haunching (C) Spouting (D) Layering
Answer: (B) Haunching

Q.88 As per the National Building Code, Public and Semi-public land use is indicated in which one of the following
colours ?
(A) Dark blue (B) Purple (C) Light green (D) Light blue
Answer: (A) Dark blue
 NBC 2016 and URDPFI have a different set of colour codes.

Q.89 As per Development Control Rules and General Building Requirement of National Building Code, 2016 there
shall be one dispensary for every
(A) 10,000 population (B) 5000 population (C) 15,000 population (D) 20,000 population
Answer: (C) 15,000 population

Q.90 As per National Building Code, 2016 the size of plot for industrial area shall not be less than
(A) 200 𝑚 (B) 300𝑚 (C) 100 𝑚 (D) 400 𝑚
Answer: (B) 300𝑚
The minimum size of plot shall not be less than 300 𝑚 and width not less than 15 m. (NBC -2016, page -34)

Q.91 Which one of the following is the degree of lightness or darkness of a colour in relation to white and black?
(A) Chroma (B) Hue (C) Value (D) Saturation
Answer: (C) Value

Q.92 Which one of the following is a continuous molding that crowns or horizontally divides a wall?

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(A) Cornice (B) Cove (C) Dado (D) Beam

Answer: (A) Cornice

Q.93 Which one of the following is a measure of brightness of a light source or an illuminated surface?
(A) Lumen (B) Illumination (C) Lux (D) Luminance
Answer: (D) Luminance

Q.94 Which one of the following is a continuous recess that visually separates the meeting of two planes and
articulates their edges by the shadow lines they create
(A) Skirting (B) Dado (C) Shape (D) Reveal
Answer: (D) Reveal

Q.95 Which one of the following is the key proponent of 7 principles of universal design that is also widely applied in
the design of interior spaces as well as outdoor environment ?
(A) Ronald Mace (B) Marion Roberts (C) Nabell Hamdi (D) Frank Lloyd Wright
Answer: (A) Ronald Mace

Q.96 Possible solutions to problems of reflected glare include:

(A) locate the light source away from the viewer
(B) use properly shielding or performed lighting fixtures
(C) raise the background brightness of the light source and reduce the brightness ratio
(D) lower the level of general overhead lighting and supplement it with localised task light closer to the work
surface
Answer: (D) lower the level of general overhead lighting and supplement it with localised task light closer to the
work surface

Q.97 Which one of the following theories has been very influential in the development of understanding landscape
experience and enforced many aspects such as edges, foci and thresholds
(A) Prospect and Refuge Theory (B) Genius Loci Theory
(C) Central Place Theory (D) Sense of Place Theory
Answer: (B) Genius Loci Theory

Q.98 Which one of the following provides to describe design principles and elements that is, contrast, symmetry,
wideness, and construction, threshold and vistas which can help the designer to control spatial composition in
design?
(A) Imageability (B) Theories of Gestalting (C) Figure- ground theory (D) Bauhaus techniques
Answer: (B) Theories of Gestalting

Q.99 Which one of the following seeks to highlight the importance of landscape architecture for determining urban
form and seeing the landscape as the framework that defines cities
(A) Smart City (B) Ecocity design (C) Green urbanism (D) Landscape urbanism
Answer: (D) Landscape urbanism

Q.100 Which one of the following is a measurement of the circumference of trunk of a tree
at 1.4 metres above ground level
(A) Girth of the tree (B) Canopy of the tree
(C) Size of the tree (D) Grade of the tree
Answer: (A) Girth of the tree
 The girth (also called circumference) or the diameter of the trunk is the most
often measured parameter of monumental trees which is 1-1.5m above ground.
( ) ( )
Age of Monumental tree =
.

Q.101 Which one of the following is the lowest inside point of a pipe culvert or channel
(A) Invert (B) Ingress (C) Dip (D) Depression
Answer: (A) Invert

Q.102 Which one of the following plants is established as part of the flora of a local other than its place of origin
(A) Native plant (B) Invasive plant (C) Endemic plant (D) Naturalised plant
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Answer: (D) Naturalised plant

 Invasive Plants: Plants that do not occur naturally in a region but proliferate in the area they have been
introduced into, and cause several negative impacts (such as affecting native biodiversity, causing
economic losses and harming human health) in these new habitats, are called invasive plants.
 Endemic plants are special because they are found in only one location on the planet, and nowhere else.
 Exotic Plant: Exotic species are the plants which have been introduced into an area outside their normal
distribution. For example Acacia and Eucalyptus in India.
 Naturalised plant is an exotic plant which manages to reproduce naturally in its new environment, it is
referred to as a naturalized species.

Q.103 Which one of the following is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake
(A) Earthquake magnitue (B) Fault (C) Isoseismal (D) Epicentral distance
Answer: (A) Earthquake magnitue

Q.104 Consider the following statements for earthquake-prone areas:

1. Adobe walls are commonly used
2. Diagonal cracks lead from the edge of windows to the bottom
3. If the wall between window and door or between opening and corner is not long enough
4. Wattle and Daub wall system is suitable for earthquake-prone areas
Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) 1,2 and 3 only (B) 1,3 and 4 only (C) 2,3 and 4 only (D) 1,2,3 and 4
Answer:
Wrongly framed Question. Words are mismatched in options.
Source: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/5230_ManualMinke%5B1%5D.pdf (Accessed on 09/10/2023)

Q.105 Which of the following statements is not a correct reason for buildings shaped like a box such as rectangular
or square both in plan and elevation being inherently stronger than one that are L shaped or U shaped that is buildings
with wings
(A) Asymmetric compositions can present local deformations
(B) Local deformations in asymmetric compositions are caused due to the presence of reentrant corners and
excessive openings
(C) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behaviour because they have same displacements at every
point in the slab
(D) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behaviour because they have different displacements at every
point in the slab

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Answer: (D) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behaviour because they have different displacements at
every point in the slab

Q.106 Which one of the following is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living space for a
specific assemblage of plants and animals
(A) Biotope (B) Biodiversity hotspot (C) Patch (D) Ecosensitive area
Answer: (A) Biotope

Q.107 “Gaia Theory” stating that the biosphere contributes to the stability of the planets physical processes such as
temperature ocean water salt level etcetera alloying life to flourish is proposed by
(A) Ian McHarg (B) Christopher (C) James Lovelock (D) Madhav Gadgil
Answer: (C) James Lovelock

Q.108 Phosphate pollution of rivers and lakes causes the algal bloom which reduces dissolved oxygen in water and
disrupts the food chain the process is called
(A) Oligotrophy (B) Desertification (C) Fermentation (D) Eutrophication
Answer: (D) Eutrophication

Q.109 Which one of the following is elevated temperatures in urban areas caused by heat fluxes due to the presence
of buildings routes and so on and to emissions of pollutants?
(A) Green House Effect (B) Carbon trapping (C) Heat Island Effect (D) Physical weathering
Answer: (C) Heat Island Effect

Q.110 As per Gazette notification, 18th December 2012, which of the following rivers stretch has been declared as an
eco-sensitive zone from ecological and environmental point of view
(A) Bhagirathi from Gomukh to Uttarkashi (B) Ganga from Haridwar to Roorkee
(C) Penner river from Somasila to Nellore (D) Krishna river from Srisailam to Vijayawada
Answer: (A) Bhagirathi from Gomukh to Uttarkashi

Q.111 Ken Yeang proposes eco master planning approach that requires the bio integration of four coded
infrastructural armatures. They are Red, Blue, Green and Grey. The colour Grey indicates
(A) the eco infrastructure provided by nature
(B) the water infrastructure associated with systems of drainage, hydrological systems and water assets
(C) the engineering infrastructure of roads, utilities and other support systems for human life
(D) the human infrastructure of building, spaces, activities
Answer: (C) the engineering infrastructure of roads, utilities and other support systems for human life

Q.112 As per Model Building Bylaws 2016, the minimum plot size for Low Income Group housing shall be not less
than
(A) 20 sq.m (B) 30 sq.m (C) 10 sq.m (D) 15 sq.m
Answer: (B) 30 sq.m
 For Slum rehabilitation and Resettlement colony- 250 tenements per hectare
 Minimum plot size for LIG Housing- 30 sq.m

Q.113 As per Model Building Bylaws 2016, for resettlement and slum in-situ upgradation the net density shall be up to
(A) 300 Tenements/ Hectare (B) 350 Tenements/ Hectare
(C) 250 Tenements/ Hectare (D) 400 Tenements/ Hectare
Answer: (C) 250 Tenements/ Hectare

Q.114 The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation guidelines defined affordable housing for EWS
and LIG categories with dwelling unit size ranging from
(A) 21 sq.m to 60 sq.m carpet area (B) 10 sq.m to 20 sq.m carpet area
(C) 60 sq.m to 80 sq.m carpet area (D) 80 sq.m to 100 sq.m carpet area
Answer: (A) 21 sq.m to 60 sq.m carpet area
 Dwelling Units (DUs) with Carpet Area shall be between 21 to 27 Sqm. for (EWS) category.
 Lower Income Group (LIG) category and 28 to 60 Sqm.
• (LIG-A: 28-40 sq. m. and LIG-B 41- 60 Sq.m.).
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Q.115 In 2017 Bureau of Energy Efficiency launched a new version of code, Energy Conservation Building Code. One
of the major updates of the code is inclusion of incremental voluntary energy performance levels ECBC compliant
buildings has approximately
(A) 15% more savings as compared to conventional buildings
(B) 25 more savings as compared to conventional buildings
(C) 35 more savings as compared to conventional buildings
(D) 50 more savings as compared to conventional buildings
Answer: (B) 25 more savings as compared to conventional buildings.
• To be ECBC-compliant, the new buildings should be able to demonstrate minimum energy savings of 25%.
Energy savings of 35% and 50% will enable the buildings to achieve higher grades like ECBC Plus or
Super ECBC status respectively.

Q.116 As per National Building Code, Group housing consists of

(A) more than one dwelling unit where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one agency
(B) more than two dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is also undertaken jointly
(C) more than eight dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is also undertaken jointly
(D) more than eight dwelling units where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one agency
Answer: (A) more than one dwelling unit where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one
agency. (NBC 2016, page 11, 2.43)

Q.117 Net residential density includes

(A) area occupied only by the housing
(B) area occupied only by the housing and also the private gardens, parking spaces, access roads within the site
(C) area occupied by the housing, private gardens, access roads within the site, parking spaces adjacent to the site
(D) area occupied by the housing, private gardens, parking spaces, access roads within the site, and half the width
of the surrounding roads
Answer: (B) area occupied only by the housing and also the private gardens, parking spaces, access roads within the
site

Q.118 Which one of the following International Charter is focused on the conservation and restoration of monuments
and sites
(A) Burra Charter , 2013 (B) Venice Charter, 1964
(C) Washington Charter, 1987 (D) Charter on Built Vernacular Heritage, 1999
Answer: (B) Venice Charter, 1964
• Athens Charter 1933 (Only monuments)

Q.119 Which one of the following Acts is to provide for the preservation of ancient and historical monuments and
archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for the regulation of archaeological excavations and for the
protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects?
(A) The Architects Act, 1972 (B) The AMASR Act, 1958
(C) The Public Records Act, 1993 (D) The Indian Trusts Act, 1882
Answer: (B) The AMASR Act, 1958

Q.120 Action taken to modify the existing material and structure of a cultural property to represent a known earlier state
is called
(A) Preservation (B) Renovation (C) Restoration (D) Reconstruction
Answer: (D) Reconstruction
Conservation is a wider umbrella consisting of Preservation, Restoration and Reconstruction.
• Preservation- maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.
• Restoration- returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by
reassembling existing components without introducing new materials.
• Reconstruction- means and includes returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state and
distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or old) into the fabric

Apart from this we have few more terms.

 Revitalization: A process of economic, social and cultural redevelopment of a civic area or neighbourhood.

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 Rehabilitation: It is usually carried out in order to extend a building's life and/or its economic viability. It may
involve more adaptation than conservation, but will still preserve most of the building's original features.
 Renovation: Refurbishing and/or adding to the appearance of an original building or elements of a building in
an attempt to "renew" its appearance in keeping with contemporary tastes and perceptions of conservation.
 Maintenance: continuous protective care of a place, and its setting.
 Adaptation: changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

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UPSC 2019 (MES)

Q.1 A safety nosing in a staircase is

(A) the least thickness of a stanchion
(B) a non-slip surface flush with the riser surface
(C) a non-slip surface flush with the tread surface
(D) the least thickness of a reinforced concrete slab
Answer: (C) a non-slip surface flush with the tread surface
 Nosing is the horizontal, protruding edge of a stair where most foot
traffic frequently occurs. These stair parts can be manufactured from a
variety of materials including aluminum, vinyl and wood. Stair nosing,
especially in commercial and industrial settings, is typically fitted with a non-slip surface to increase traction
and prevent injury from slips, trips, and falls.

Q.2 Sumerian units of measurement were based on

(A) parts of an ancient buildings (B) parts of animals’ body
(C) parts of trees and plants (D) parts of the human body
Answer: (D) parts of the human body

Q.3 Which one of the following statements is NOT fit for ambient
luminescence in the context of interior lighting?
(A) It is shadowless
(B) It maximizes form and bulk
(C) It reduces the importance of things and people
(D) It fills people with a sense of freedom of space
Answer: (B) It maximizes form and bulk
(with input from Harish Sharma, B. Arch, SMVDU Jammu, MURP, IITR)

Q.4 Which one of the following enhances the perception of depth by

emphasizing the natural texture and sculpted relief of the surface?
(A) Diffuse light (B) Grazing light
(C) Contrast light (D) Sparkle light
Answer: (B) Grazing light
 Grazing light is directional light in an acute angle. It is used to
emphasize the materiality, structure and surface properties of
walls and facades. In this type of lighting the luminaires must
be mounted extremely close to the surface which should be
illuminated.

Q.5 Consider the following statements regarding different types of design:

1. Semi-circular arched opening was the hallmark of the Romanesque style of Architecture.
2. Gothic style of Architecture is characterized by the use of pointed arch, groined vault and tracery.
3. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame is a prime example of Renaissance Architecture.
4. The emphasis during the Rococo period was on interior application rather than the exterior façade.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1, 2 and 4 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) 1, 3 and 4
Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 4

Q.6 The art of inserting a part of one plant into another plant by exposing the
actively growing tissue so that they will unite and continue their growth as
one plant is called
(A) Budding (B) Stooling (C) Layering (D) Grafting
Answer: (A) Budding
 Budding is the placing of a bud (actively growing tissue) of one plant on
another plant while grafting is the placing of a part of the stem on another
plant. Both are artificial vegetative propagation methods of plants. The
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main difference between budding and grafting is the type of scion used in each technique.
 Mound layering (also called stooling) is the most important
commercial form of layering. Numerous fruit tree rootstocks,
especially apple, are propagated by mound layering. Plants that
branch from the base easily are established in rows.

Q.7 Albert Atterberg, a Swedish soil scientist defined the boundaries

between different consistency states for soil that are referred to as the

Atterberg limits. Of which, what comprises the plastic limit?

(A) Boundary between the plastic and liquid states
(B) Boundary between the semisolid and solid states
(C) Boundary between the plastic and semisolid states
(D) Boundary between the liquid and semisolid states
Answer: (C) Boundary between the plastic and semisolid states

Q.8 As far back as 1887, the Gazetteer of Delhi described Delhi district as having 4
‘natural divisions’, which are still useful descriptive labels for Delhi microhabitats of which the sandy riverain of
the Yamuna is called
(A) khadar (B) bangar (C) kohi (D) dabar
Answer: (A) khadar

Q.9‘Solum’ is a term which describes one of the following elements

of landscape:
(A) Soil (B) Water (C) Trees (D) Shrubs
Answer: (A) Soil

Q.10 What is the maximum angle of repose for strong bedrock at

which it can be safely inclined and beyond which it will fail?
(A) 90° (B) 60° (C) 45° (D) 30°
Answer: (C) 45°
The maximum angle at which loose material can be inclined without sliding down is called the angle of repose.

Q.11 Consider the following statements with regard to deciding the performance of masonry buildings in earthquakes:
1. The masonry courses from the walls meeting at corners must have good interlocking.
2. Openings too close to wall corners hamper the flow of forces from one wall to another.
3. It is best to keep all openings as small and far away from the corners as possible.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3

Q.12 For minimizing the impact of earth quake, which of the following solutions are proposed for L-shape building?
1. Separate the wings
2. Add collector walls
3. Join the wings
4. Stiffen the ends
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 4

Q.13 In the purview of earthquake engineering, the effect of internal friction, imperfect elasticity of material, slipping,
sliding, etc in reducing the amplitude of vibration, is called
(A) Floor Response Spectra (B) Liquefaction (C) Damping (D) Ductility
Answer: (C) Damping

Q.14 Which one of the following is NOT suitable building construction method in earthquake-prone areas?
(A) Roof with tiles or stone plates (B) Wattle and daub wall system
(C) Textile walls filled with earth (D) Adobe walls

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Answer: (D) Adobe walls

 Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven
lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination
of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.

Q.15 Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is used for measuring

(A) temperature for volcano lava (B) the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake
(C) sound intensity of thunder storm (D) the intensity of flood
Answer: (B) the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake
 When the ground is shaking during an earthquake, “it also experiences acceleration. The peak acceleration
is the largest increase in velocity recorded by a particular station during an earthquake.” PGA is most
typically “expressed as a fraction of gravitational acceleration ‘g’. (9.8 m/𝑠 )

 Magnitude measures the energy of earthquake.

 The intensity is a number (written as a Roman numeral) describing the severity of an earthquake in terms
of its effects on the earth's surface and on humans and their structures. There are many intensities for an
earthquake, depending on where you are.

Q.16 In World Design Conference, 1960, Fumihiko Maki

described three specific modes of urban design as:
(A) Core, Periphery, Suburban
(B) Lattice, Megastructures, Networks
(C) Homogeneous, Lattice, Heterogeneous
(D) Composition, Megastructures, Group form
Answer: (D) Composition, Megastructures, Group form

Q.17 Constantinos A Doxiadis, prepared the master plan of

which one of the following cities?
(A) Baghdad (B) Karachi (C) Gandhinagar (D) Kuwait
Answer: (A) Baghdad
Islamabad was planned by Constantinos A Doxiadis.

Q.18 Jane Jacobs argued for repressed minorities and neighborhood protection against the large scaled development of
cross-island highway through lower Manhattan to serve the suburbs, was proposed by
(A) Robert Moses (B) J.L.Sert (C) Edward Soja (D) Rudyard Gulliani
Answer: (A) Robert Moses
The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs showed how the orthodox planning approach placed too
much power in the hands of professional planners, relied on grand schemes for urban transformation that often
made some problems worse, and failed to take into account the multiple ways in which people and neighbor-hoods

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 UPSC 2019 (MES)

develop organically.28 Jacobs was stimulated to write her book after years of struggling against megaprojects in
New York City that came out of the orthodox comprehensive planning tradition. Her nemesis was New York’s
Robert Moses, the master of urban renewal, giant civic projects, highways, and parks, many of which were built by
bulldozing neighborhoods.

Q.19 In Chandigarh, Le Corbusier and his associates designed many of the buildings in sector 17 based on the prototype
of
(A) Maison Domino (B) Terrace Garden (C) Maison Arch (D) Human Body
Answer: (D) Human Body

Q.20 Urban actor in a city is defined as

(A) urban ecological system of city for critical and sustainable survival
(B) urban transport which connects the fragmented city together through complex network
(C) large buildings in the city which influence the growth and future patterns of the city
(D) individuals or small or large groups who are active and organized to use and manipulate space in the city
Answer: (D) individuals or small or large groups who are active and organized to use and manipulate space in the
city
(with input from Harish Sharma, B. Arch, SMVDU Jammu, MURP, IITR)

Q.21 In cement manufacturing process, gypsum is added to the clinker to

(A) soften the mixture (B) retard setting (C) solidify the mixture (D) keep moisture
Answer: (B) retard setting

Q.22 Which one of the following statements is NOT correct in PERT network?
(A) PERT is event based
(B) PERT is frequently used in research and development projects
(C) PERT is preferred for those projects which are of repetitive nature
(D) Probabilistic approach is used by PERT planner
Answer: (C) PERT is preferred for those projects which are of repetitive nature

Basis for
PERT CPM
Comparison
PERT is a project management CPM is a statistical technique of project
Meaning technique, used to manage uncertain management that manages well defined
activities of a project. activities of a project.
A technique of planning and control of
What is it? A method to control cost and time.
time.
Orientation Event-oriented Activity-oriented
Evolved as Research & Development
Evolution Evolved as Construction project
project
Model Probabilistic Model Deterministic Model
Focuses on Time Time-cost trade-off
Estimates Three time estimates One time estimate
Appropriate for High precision time estimate Reasonable time estimate
Management of Unpredictable Activities Predictable activities
Nature of jobs Non-repetitive nature Repetitive nature
Critical and Non-
No differentiation Differentiated
critical activities
Non-research projects like civil construction,
Suitable for Research and Development Project
ship building etc.
Crashing concept Not Applicable Applicable

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