Thermodynamics Comprehensive Review

Multiple Choice Questions

Topics:
1. Thermodynamics 1
2. Thermodynamics 2
3. Steam Engineering
4. Combustion Engineering

NAME: ____________________________________________-

INSTRUCTIONS. Write your letter of choice in the separate sheet provided. No erasures is allowed. Use this
sheet as solution paper.
STEAM ENGINEERING
1) A Rankine cycle operates with a thermal efficiency of 40 % and the factor of evaporation of the boiler is
1.15. Determine the mass flow rate of steam if the cycle power output is 5.5 MW.
a) 5.3 kg/s b) 4.3 kg/s c) 3.5 kg/s d) 6.3 kg/s

2) In a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 2.5MPa and a condenser pressure of 50KPa. What is the
quality of steam at the turbine exhaust? Steam Properties:
@ 2.5Mpaa, h = 2803.1 kJ/kg & s = 6.2575 kJ/kg-OK;
@ 50kPaa, hf = 340.49 kJ/kg, hfg = 2305.4 kJ/kg,
vf = 0.00103 m3/kg, sf = 1.0910 kJ/kg-OK,
sfg = 6.5029 kJ/kg-OK.
a) 79.45 % b) 97.45 % c) 59.75 % d) 95.55 %

3) Unless they are designed to flood, what is the important when removing condensate from heat exchangers?
a) Condensate is allowed to sub-cool before reaching the trap
b) Condensate is removed at steam temperature
c) Condensate should back-up into the steam pipe
d) That the trap is fitted level with or above the heater

4) A 2-kg steam at 2.5 MPaa and 260 oC undergoes a constant pressure until the quality becomes 70 %.
Determine the heat rejected, in Btu. At 2.5 MPaa and 260 oC: h = 2907.4 kJ/kg; and at 2.5 MPaa and 70 %
quality: hf = 962.11 kJ/kg and hg = 2803.1 kJ/kg.
a) 1244.7 Btu b) 1424.7 Btu c) 1442.7 Btu d) 1274.4 Btu

5) It is a closed vessel intended for use in heating water of for application of heat to generate steam or other
vapor to be used externally from it. What do you call this pressure vessel?
a) Boiler or steam generator c) Unfired pressure vessel
b) Fired pressure vessel d) Pressurized tank

6) The maximum allowable working pressure of a non-code steel or wrought iron heating boiler of welded
construction shall not exceed to which of the following pressures?
a) 1 atmosphere b) 1 Bar c) 100 kPa d) 2 gage pressure

7) The A.S.M.E. Boiler code for boiler shells requires a tensile strength of which of the following, in psi?
a) 10000 to 20000 b) 25000 to 45000 c) 55000 to 63000 d) 70000 to 85000

8) Wet saturated steam at 16 bar (hf = 859 kJ/kg , hg = 1935 kJ/kg) reducing valve and is throttled to a pressure
of 8 bar (hr = 721 kJ/kg, hfg = 2048 kJ/kg). Find the dryness fraction of the reduces pressure steam.
a) 0.8833 b) 0.9933 c) 0.7733 d) 0.6633

9) The water added to boiler feed to compensate for the water lost through blowdown, leakage, etc
a) condensate b) make-up c) sulfur d) economizer

10) A large paper plant uses its own cogeneration power plant to generate its electricity because.
a) It permits the use of a more efficient generator
b) The company can better control the voltage
c) It does away with high power lines leading to the plant
d) It provides a more efficient conversion of fuel

11) The chemically correct ratio of air fuel a mixture capable of perfect combustion with no unused air or fuel,
a) Fuel point b) Pour point c) Stoichiometric ratio d) Stack

12) A temperature above which a given gas cannot be liquefied;

a) Cryogenic Temperature c) Vaporization
b) Absolute Temperature d) Critical Temperature

13) A 60 MW steam turbine generator power plant has a full-load steam rate of 8 kg/kW-hr. assuming that no-
load steam consumption as 15% of full-load steam consumption, compute for the hourly steam consumption
at 75% load, in kg/hr.
a) 37,800 kg/hr b) 30,780 kg/hr c) 38,700 kg/hr d) 30,870 kg/hr
14) How many independent properties are required to completely fix the equilibrium state of a pure gaseous
compound?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

15) Calculate the change in enthalpy as 1 kg of nitrogen is heated from 1000 K to 1500 K, assuming the
nitrogen is an ideal gas at a constant pressure. The temperature dependent specific heat of nitrogen is C p =
39.06 – 512.79 T1.5 + 1072.7 T2 – 820.4T3 where Cp is in kJ/kg-mol, T is in K.
a) 600 kJ b) 800 kJ c) 697.27 kJ d) 897.27 kJ

16) If the specific heat at constant pressure for CO2 is given as 0.201 Btu/lb-R, what is the value of the specific
heat at constant volume?
a) 0.156 Btu/lb-R c) 0.365 Btu/lb-R
b) 0.435 Btu/lb-R d) 0.435 Btu/lb-R

17) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle between temperatures of 500°C and 30°C produces 50 kJ of work.
What change in entropy occurs during the heat rejection portion of the cycle?
a) 106.4 J/K c) 160.4 J/K
b) 120.5 J/K d) 102.5 J/K

18) In a Rankine cycle, steam turbine with exhaust enthalpy of 2500 kJ/kg delivers 0.50 kg/sec of steam. If the
exit enthalpy of the condenser is 500 kJ/kg, what is the heat rejected?
a) 1000W b) 1200W c) 1700W d) 1500

19) The pressure and temperature entering the turbine are 1800 kPa and 380°C. The pressure leaving the
turbine is 20 kPa. The quality of the steam entering the condenser is 90%. What is the turbine work?
Steam properties: At 1800 kPa and 380°C (h = 3207.2 kJ/kg)
At 20 kPa, hf = 251.4 kJ/kg, hg = 2606.7 kJ/kg
a) 1833.33 kJ/kg c) 1333.8 kJ/kg
b) 597.5 kJ/kg d) 833.33 kJ/kg

20) Steam with an enthalpy of 800 kCal/kg enters a nozzle at a velocity of 80 m/sec. Find the velocity of the
steam at the exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is reduced to 750 kCal/kg, assuming the nozzle is horizontal and
disregarding heat losses. Take g = 9.81 m/sec2 and J constant = 427 kg m/kCal.
a) 452.37 m/sec c) 245.45 m/sec
b) 651.92 m/sec d) 427.54 m/sec

21) It is based on the generation of 34.5 lbm/hr of steam from water at 212 deg F to steam at 212 deg F and
equivalent to 33,500 Btu/hr.
a) One horsepower c) One kilowatt
b) One boiler horsepower d) None of the above

22) A boiler operates at 82.5 % efficiency while the mass of steam generated is 408 200 kg in 5 hours. The
enthalpy of steam is 3187 kJ/kg and feed is 604.83 kJ/kg while the fuel used for boiler has a heating value of
32 567.85 kJ/kg. Find the mass of fuel needed per day in metric tons.
a) 188.3 b) 183.8 c) 138.8 d) 318.8

23) In a geothermal power plant, the enthalpies of the ground water and the turbine inlet are 1500 kJ/kg and
3500 kJ/kg respectively. If the enthalpy of the hot water in the flash tank is 700 kJ/kg and the mass flow rate
of steam is 15 kg/s, what is the mass flow rate of ground water?
a) 52.5 kg/s b) 55.2 kg/s c) 25.5 kg/s d) 35.2 kg/s

24) How is flash steam produced?

a) From condensate passing from high to low pressure systems
b) From saturated steam
c) From superheated steam
d) From steam mixed with high temperature air

25 ) What is the color code of steam line in geothermal power plant?

a) Green b) Silver Gray c) Blue d) Red

26) The percent rating of water tube boiler is 200 %, factor of evaporation is 1.10, and heating surface is 400
ft2. Determine the rate of evaporation, in kg/hr.
a) 1831 b) 1831 c) 1138 d) 1813

27) It is the temperature to which the air becomes saturated at constant pressure.
a) Dry-bulb temperature c) Wet-bulb temperature
b) Dew point temperature d) Saturated temperature

28) It is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in certain volume of moist air at a given temperature to the mass
of water in the same volume of saturated air at the same temperature
a) Humidity ratio b) Humidity c) Specific humidity d) Relative humidity

29) Air whose condition is such that any decrease in temperature will result in condensation of water vapor
into liquid
a) Saturated air b) Saturated vapor c) Unsaturated air d) Moist air
30) During the emergency operation of the boiler, when there is no water in the gauge glass and steam comes
out of the bottom trycock, the water level cannot be determined. What preventive measure the operator does
to save the boiler
a) shutdown the boiler and do not add water c) add water to compensate the water losss
b) increase the firing rate d) continue to operate the boiler and add water

31) Determine the indicated power of a four-cylinder, 4-stroke, Diesel engine with 20-cm bore and 30-cm
stroke running at 1000 rpm and has a reading of 450 kPa mean effective pressure in the indicator diagram.
a) 159.83 Hp b) 189.53 Hp c) 158.93 Hp d) 198.53 Hp

32) An ideal dual combustion cycle operates on 0.45 kg of air. At the beginning of compression, the air is 97
kPaa, 43 oC. Let rp = 1.5, rc = 1.6, and rk = 11. Determine the percent clearance.
a) 10 % b) 11 % c) 9 % d) 12 %

33) Stirling cycle is also called as:

a) Constant volume regenerative cycle c) Constant pressure regenerative cycle
b) Constant temperature regenerative cycle d) Constant entropy regenerative cycle

34) Ericson cycle is also called as:

a) Constant volume regenerative cycle c) Constant pressure regenerative cycle
b) Constant temperature regenerative cycle d) Constant entropy regenerative cycle

35) Determine the brake power of the engine having a brake thermal efficiency of 35 % and uses 25 oAPI fuel
with fuel consumption of 40 kg/hr.
a) 160.67 kW b) 173.52 kW c) 174.52 kW d) 165.84 kW

36) It is a term used by automobile manufacturers to designate the power required to move a car horizontally
at 50 mi/hr against the drag force. What is this?
a) Mechanical horsepower b) Aero horsepower c) Fuel power d) Fluid power

37) What is the clearance volumetric efficiency of an ammonia compressor designed with 4 % clearance and
operating between condenser temperature of 30 oC (psat = 1.1672 MPaa) and evaporator temperature of 4
o
C (psat = 497.48 kPaa)?
a) 93.61 % b) 93.68 % c) 96.31 % d) 96.83 %

38) Determine the indicated power of a four-cylinder, 4-stroke, Diesel engine with 20-cm bore and 30-cm
stroke running at 1000 rpm and has a reading of 450 kPa mean effective pressure in the indicator diagram.
a) 159.83 Hp b) 189.53 Hp c) 158.93 Hp d) 198.53 Hp

39) Determine the indicated mean effective pressure of an engine, in psi, having a brake mean effective
pressure of 750 kPa and 80 % mechanical efficiency.
a) 138 b) 137 c) 136 d) 135

40) The compression ratio in an air-standard Otto cycle is 10. At the beginning of the compression stroke the
pressure is 120 kpa and the temperature is 15 degree C. Calculate the pressure and the temperature at the
end of the compression process.
a) 4,000 kPa b) 3,500 kPa c) 3,014 kPa d) 3,200 kPa

41) A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the clearance of the cycle.
a) 9.11 % b) 5.55% c) 11.11% d) 15.25%

42) A dual cycle has an initial temperature of 30C. The compression ratio is 6 and heat addition at constant
volume process is 600 Kj/kg. If cut-off ratio is 2.5, Find the maximum temperature of the cycle.
a) 3638.5⁰C b) 3365.50⁰C c) 3565.50⁰C d) 3965.50⁰C

43) The thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto Cycle depends on _____________ of the working fluid.
a) the pressure ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
b) The temperature ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
c) The moles ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
d) the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio

44) Carnot cycle A, B and C are connected in series so that the heat rejected from A will be the heat added
to B and heat rejected from B will be added to C. Each cycle operates between 30⁰C and 400⁰C. If heat
added to A is 1000kW, find the work output of C.
a) 111.44 kW b) 549.78 kW c) 247.53 k d) 141.89 kW

45) Oil is atomized either by air blast or pressure jet at about

a) 60 bar b) 70 bar c) 80 bar d) 90 bar

46) Produces extreme pressure differentials and violent gas vibration

a) Vibration b) Detonation c) Explosion d) Knocking

47) In a spark ignition engine, the detonation occurs near the

a) End of combustion c) Middle of combustion
b) Beginning of combustion d) Beginning of interaction

48) Is an obvious reason for incomplete combustion

a) Insufficient carbon b) Insufficient nitrogen c) Insufficient air d) Insufficient oxygen
49) Which of the following is not a method of starting a diesel engine?
a) Manual: rope, crank and kick c) Electric battery
b) Compressed air d) Using another generator

50) Two-stroke engine performs ______________ to completer one cycle

a) Suction and discharge stroke c) Power and exhaust stroke
b) Compression and power stroke d) Suction and exhaust stroke

51) Two most common gases employed in stirling and ercisson cycles are:
a) Air and Helium c) Oxygen and helium
b) Hydrogen and helium d) Nitrogen and helium

52) The distance between BDC and TDC in which the piston can travel is the:
a) Right extreme position c) Displacement stroke
b) Stroke of the engine d) Swept stroke

53) This the ratio of the heat equivalent of the brake or useful horsepower developed by an engine and
available on its crankshaft to the heat during the same time.
a) Brake thermal efficiency c) Indicated thermal efficiency
b) Combined thermal efficiency d) Brake thermal efficiency

54) Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of waste heat rejection
to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the net power output.
a) 30 MW b. 40 MW c. 130 MW d. 60 MW

55) Which of the following is not the case of black smoke in diesel engine?
a) fuel valve open c) high compression pressure
b) carbon in exhaust pipe d) overload on engine

56) A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period, the plant consumed 240
gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 kW-hr. Industrial fuel used is 28°API and was purchased at P30
per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost of fuel to be produced in one kW-hr?
a) P6.87 b) P1.10 c) P41.07 d) P5.00

57) In proximate analysis, the coal analysis is consisting of moisture content, fixed carbon, ash, and which of
the following?
a) Sulfur b) Hydrogen c) Nitrogen d) Volatile matter

58) A 60 MW power plant has an average load of 34 500 kW and a load factor of 0.75. Find the reserve power
over a peak load power.
a) 14 000 kW b) 46 000 kW c) 20 000 kW d) 5 000 kW

59) Maximum demand of 30 MW and 10 MW are connected to a power plant with a peak load of 70 MW. What
is the diversity factor of the plant?
a) 0.50 b) 0.70 c) 0.65 d) 0.86

60. A rigid tank contains 50 kg of saturated liquid water at 90°C. Determine the pressure in the tank and the
volume of the tank.
a) 0.0518 m3 b) 0.0183 m3 c) 0.0218 m3 d) 0.0958 m3

61) A diesel engine has compression ratio from

a) 6 to 10 b) 10 to 15 c) 16 to 20 d) 25 to 40

62) In Diesel cycle, heat addition takes place at

a) constant temperature b) constant pressure c) constant volume d) constant moisture

63) In a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited by

a) spark c) heat resulting from compressing air that is supplied for combustion
b) combustion chamber d) injected fuel

64 – 68. A steam turbine inlet state is given as 6 MPa and 500 OC, and the outlet pressure is 10 kPa.
64. The enthalpy is __________ kJ/kg. Select the nearest possible answer.
a. 2178.3 b. 3422.3 c. 2364.4 d. 2338.8

65. The Entropy is ___________ kJ/kg-K. Select the nearest possible answer.
a. 8.6605 b. 6.8805 c. 5.0868 d. 7.0566

66. The quality of steam at the outlet pressure if the process is reversible and adiabatic. Select the nearest
possible answer.
a. 0.83 b. 0.93 c. 0.73 d. 0.87

67. Determine the work output per unit mass if the process is reversible and adiabatic. Select the nearest
possible answer.
a. 589.2 kJ/kg b. 989.3 kJ/kg c. 1243.0 kJ/kg d. 1084.7 kJ/kg
68. Determine the work output per unit mass if the process is adiabatic and the output quality is 0.90. Select
the nearest possible answer.
a. 1077.7 kJ/kg b. 1234.5 kJ/kg c. 1342.5 kJ/kg d. 1707.1 kJ/kg

69. The thermal efficiency of a steam power station is

a. 48% b. 28% c. 40% d. 45%

70. Rankine cycle efficiency in a good steam power station may be in the range between
a. 15% - 20% b.35% - 40% c. 50% - 60% d. 90% - 95%

71. Which of these is a ‘working fluid’ in liquid phase?

a. Water b. Steam c. Mercury d. Oxygen

72. What kind of energy output is obtained from a ‘Steam Power Plant’? A ‘Steam Power Plant’ is used
primarily for ___________ generation.
a. Heat energy b. Sound energy c. Electricity d. Thermal energy

73. The components of a Steam Power Plant are?

a. Evaporator, Condenser, Boiler, Expansion valve c. Boiler, Turbine, Condenser, Pump
b. Evaporator, Condenser, Boiler, Turbine d. Boiler, Turbine, Pump, Expansion valve

74. Shaft work is fed to __________ for getting an electrical output.

a. Motor b. Generator c. Rotor d. Accelerator

75. Why Reheating of steam is used?

a. to increase efficiency c. to increase Turbine Inlet Temperature
b. to increase work output d. to reduce amount of fuel used

76. The cycle efficiency in a single reheat plant is influenced by

a. pressure at turbine inlet c. temperature at which steam is reheated
b. pressure at which steam is reheated d. temperature at turbine inlet

77. What is the effect of reheat on steam quality?

a. increases b. decreases c. does not change d. none of the above

78. Net Work output of the plant __________ with reheat.

a. decreases b. increases c. remains same d. none of the mentioned

79. What is the effect of decrease of reheat pressure on the quality of steam at turbine exhaust?
a. decreases b. increases c. remains same d. none of the mentioned

80. What is the basic principle of regeneration?

a. Steam after coming out of condenser is circulated to boiler
b. Steam after coming out of condenser is circulated to turbine
c. Steam after coming out of turbine is circulated to boiler
d. Two stage turbine is used

81. Ideal regenerative Rankine cycle

a. Increases efficiency c. Increases the heat supplied
b. Increases work output d. does not affect efficiency

82. In an ideal regenerative cycle, heat input is at?

a. Boiler b. Turbine c. Condenser d. Pump

83. In an ideal regenerative cycle, heat output is at?

a. Boiler b. Turbine c. Condenser d. Pump

84. A rigid tank contains 50 kg of saturated liquid water at 90°C. Determine the pressure in the tank and the
volume of the tank.
a. 0.0518 m3 b. 0.0183 m3 c. 0.0218 m3 d. 0.0958 m3

85. Determine the internal energy of water at 20 psia and 400°F.

a. 3045.1 Btu/lbm b. 1995.1 Btu/lbm c. 1145.1 Btu/lbm d. 3745.1 Btu/lbm

86. Steam at 250 psia and 700°F steadily enters a nozzle whose inlet area is 0.2 ft2. The mass flow rate of
steam through the nozzle is 10 lbm/s. Steam leaves the nozzle at 200 psia with a velocity of 900 ft/s. Heat
losses from the nozzle per unit mass of the steam are estimated to be 1.2 Btu/lbm. Determine the inlet
velocity.
a. 334.4 ft/s b. 134.4 ft/s c. 341.4 ft/s d. 434.1 ft/s

87. Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of waste heat rejection
to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the net power output.
a. 30 MW b. 40 MW c. 130 MW d. 60 MW

88. Consider a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 3
MPa and 350°C and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 75 kPa. Determine the thermal
efficiency of this cycle.
a. 0.145 b. 0.415 c. 0.514 d. 0.541
89. As the number of stages increased, the expansion process becomes
a. Isentropic b. Isometric c. Isothermal d. Polytropic

90. Determine the maximum temperature of a Carnot cycle if it operates at a minimum temperature of 20 oC
with an efficiency of 60 %.
a. 459.5 oC b. 455.9 oC c. 495.5 oC d. 559.4 oC

91. From steam table, at initial conditions of 1.724 MPaa and 249 0C the enthalpy of steam is
a. 2,715.3 kJ/kg b. 2,878.2 kJ/kg c. 2,915.3 kJ/kg d. 2,998.2 kJ/kg

92. In a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 2.5 MPa and condenser of 50 kPa. What is the thermal
efficiency of the cycle in percent?
a. 25.55% b. 28.87% c. 30.12% d. 31.79%

93 – 94. A steam turbine inlet state is given as 6 MPa and 500 OC, and the outlet pressure is 10 kPa.
93. The enthalpy is __________ kJ/kg. Select the nearest possible answer.
a. 2178.3 b. 3422.3 c. 2364.4 d. 2338.8
94. The Entropy is ___________ kJ/kg-K. Select the nearest possible answer.
a. 8.6605 b. 6.8805 c. 5.0868 d. 7.0566

95. The quality of steam at the outlet pressure if the process is reversible and adiabatic. Select the nearest
possible answer.
a. 0.83 b. 0.93 c. 0.73 d. 0.87

96. Why Reheating of steam is used?

a. to increase efficiency c. to increase Turbine Inlet Temperature
b. to increase work output d. to reduce amount of fuel used

97. What is the effect of decrease of reheat pressure on the quality of steam at turbine exhaust?
a. decreases b. increases c. remains same d. none of the mentioned

98. In an ideal regenerative cycle, heat input is at?

a. Boiler b. Turbine c. Condenser d. Pump

99. In an ideal regenerative cycle, heat output is at?

a. Boiler b. Turbine c. Condenser d. Pump

100. What is the property of matter that causes it to resist any change in its motion or state of rest?
a. Momentum b. Kinetic Energy c. Inertia d. Section modulus

101. What is the specific gravity of a fuel at 28o Baume?

a) 0.868 b) 0.688 c) 0.886 d) 0.986

102. Determine the resulting pressure when one kilogram of air at 103 kPaa and 95 oC is heated at constant
volume to 425 oC.
a) 205.36 kPaa b) 195.35 kPaa c) 196.35 kPaa d) 193.56 kPaa

103. Determine the mass of a nitrogen gas confined in a 6 m3 tank at a pressure of 198.675 kPag and
temperature of 40 oC.
a) 18.4 kg b) 19.4 kg c) 20.4 kg d) 17.4 kg

104. What is the amount of heat added to 15 kg of air to increase its temperature from 30 oC to 250 oC
without changing the pressure?
a) 3230.46 kJ b) 3420.26 kJ c) 3320.46 kJ d) 3640.36 kJ

105. If the enthalpy of a certain gas is 2400 kJ/kg and its internal energy is 2200 kJ/kg, find the specific
volume at a pressure of 950 kPaa.
a) 0.2105 m3/kg b) 0.2501 m3/kg c) 0.2015 m3/kg d) 0.1025 m3/kg

106. Determine the maximum temperature of a Carnot cycle if it operates at a minimum temperature of 20
o
C with an efficiency of 60 %.
a) 459.5 oC b) 455.9 oC c) 495.5 oC d) 559.4 oC

107. The enthalpies at the entrance and exit of a steam engine are 2700 kJ/kg and 2000 kJ/kg, respectively.
The steam consumption of the engine is 1000 kg/hr. If the indicated efficiency is 66 % and the mechanical
efficiency is 92 %, determine the engine brake power output.
a) 118.06 kW b) 181.06 kW c) 110.86 kW d) 168.01 kW

108. A horizontal pipe carries oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. If two pressure gauges along the pipe read
515 kPa and 430 kPa, respectively. Determine the head loss between the two gauges.
a) 10.44 m b) 14.40 m c) 14.04 m d) 40.14 m

109. A Carnot refrigerator is to remove heat from a cooled space at a rate of 18 000 kJ/hr to maintain the
temperature at – 8 oC. If the air surrounding the refrigerator is 25 oC, determine the minimum power required
for the refrigerator.
a) 0.723 kW b) 0.523 kW c) 0.623 kW d) 0.423 kW
110. The height of the surface of the water above the gage point
a) pressure head b) velocity head c) dynamic head d) static head

111. Determine the heat extracted from 2000 kg of water from 25°C to ice at -10°C.
a) 621,150 kJ b) 821,150 kJ c) 721,159 kJ d) 921,150 kJ

112. A Rankine cycle operates with a thermal efficiency of 40 % and the factor of evaporation of the boiler is
1.15. Determine the mass flow rate of steam if the cycle power output is 5.5 MW.
a) 5.3 kg/s b) 4.3 kg/s c) 3.5 kg/s d) 6.3 kg/s

113. It is a closed vessel intended for use in heating water of for application of heat to generate steam or
other vapor to be used externally from it. What do you call this pressure vessel?
a) Boiler or steam generator c) Unfired pressure vessel
b) Fired pressure vessel d) Pressurized tank

114. Wet saturated steam at 16 bar (hf = 859 kJ/kg , hg = 1935 kJ/kg) reducing valve and is throttled to a
pressure of 8 bar (hr = 721 kJ/kg, hfg = 2048 kJ/kg). Find the dryness fraction of the reduces pressure steam.
a) 0.8833 b) 0.9933 c) 0.7733 d) 0.6633

115. In a Rankine cycle, steam turbine with exhaust enthalpy of 2500 kJ/kg delivers 0.50 kg/sec of steam. If
the exit enthalpy of the condenser is 500 kJ/kg, what is the heat rejected?
a. 1000W b. 1200W c. 1700W d. 1500
116. What is the algebraic difference between a size and the corresponding basic size?
a. Tolerance b. Allowance c. Deviation d. Limit

117. The pressure and temperature entering the turbine are 1800 kPa and 380°C. The pressure leaving the
turbine is 20 kPa. The quality of the steam entering the condenser is 90%. What is the turbine work?
Steam properties: At 1800 kPa and 380°C (h = 3207.2 kJ/kg)
At 20 kPa, hf = 251.4 kJ/kg, hg = 2606.7 kJ/kg
a. 1833.33 kJ/kg b. 1333.8 kJ/kg c. 597.5 kJ/kg d. 833.33 kJ/kg

118. Steam with an enthalpy of 800 kCal/kg enters a nozzle at a velocity of 80 m/sec. Find the velocity of the
steam at the exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is reduced to 750 kCal/kg, assuming the nozzle is horizontal
and disregarding heat losses. Take g = 9.81 m/sec2 and J constant = 427 kg m/kCal.
a. 452.37 m/sec b. 245.45 m/sec c. 651.92 m/sec d. 427.54 m/sec

119. Determine the indicated power of a four-cylinder, 4-stroke, Diesel engine with 20-cm bore and 30-cm
stroke running at 1000 rpm and has a reading of 450 kPa mean effective pressure in the indicator diagram.
a. 159.83 Hp b. 189.53 Hp c. 158.93 Hp d. 198.53 Hp

120. An ideal dual combustion cycle operates on 0.45 kg of air. At the beginning of compression, the air is
97 kPaa, 43 oC. Let rp = 1.5, rc = 1.6, and rk = 11. Determine the percent clearance.
a. 10 % b. 11 % c. 9 % d. 12 %

121. Determine the compressor work of a Brayton cycle if its pressure ratio is 8 and the initial temperature is
32 oC.
a. 248.67 kJ/kg b. 278.47 kJ/kg c. 284.67 kJ/kg d. 267.84 kJ/kg

122. A boiler operates at 82.5 % efficiency while the mass of steam generated is 408 200 kg in 5 hours. The
enthalpy of steam is 3187 kJ/kg and feed is 604.83 kJ/kg while the fuel used for boiler has a heating value of
32 567.85 kJ/kg. Find the mass of fuel needed per day in metric tons.
a. 188.3 b. 183.8 c. 138.8 d. 318.8

123. A container filled with helium is dropped 4 km above the ground, find the change of temperature?
a. 12.6 oC b. 17.5 c. 15.2 oC d. 18.5 oC

124. In a geothermal power plant, the enthalpies of the ground water and the turbine inlet are 1500 kJ/kg and
3500 kJ/kg respectively. If the enthalpy of the hot water in the flash tank is 700 kJ/kg and the mass flow rate
of steam is 15 kg/s, what is the mass flow rate of ground water?
a. 52.5 kg/s b. 55.2 kg/s c. 25.5 kg/s d. 35.2 kg/s

125. In an air-standard Brayton cycle, air enters compressor at 1 bar and 15 oC. The pressure leaving the
compressor is 0.6 MPaa and maximum temperature of the cycle is 1000 oC. Calculate the cycle thermal
efficiency.
a. 35 % b. 32 % c. 37.5 % d. 40 %

126. It is an upward force that is exerted on an object (like flat plate, airfoil, rotating cylinder, etc.) as the object
passes through a fluid. What do you call this?
a. Drag b. Lift c. Aero horsepower d. Terminal velocity

127. A fluid flowing in a reversible adiabatic deceleration process to zero velocity will reach a state known as:
a. Isentropic expansion c. Isentropic compression
b. Adiabatic irreversibility d. Isentropic Stagnation

128. A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period, the plant consumed 240
gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 kW-hr. Industrial fuel used is 28°API and was purchased at P30
per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost of fuel to be produced in one kW-hr?
a. P6.87 b. P1.10 c. P41.07 d. P5.00
129. In proximate analysis, the coal analysis is consisting of moisture content, fixed carbon, ash, and which of
the following?
a. Sulfur b. Hydrogen c. Nitrogen d. Volatile matter

130. How is flash steam produced?

a. From condensate passing from high to low pressure systems
b. From saturated steam
c. From superheated steam
d. From steam mixed with high temperature air

131. What is used to dry air?

a. A separator b. A strainer c. A steam trap d. A tee piece

132. The water turbine of a 5-MW hydro-power plant has a specific speed of 40 rpm and a discharge of 2020
lps. What is the approximate diameter of the jet.
a. 191 mm b. 171 mm c. 181 mm d. 161 mm

133. A Pelton type turbine was installed 30m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction is 12 percent of the given elevation. The length of penstock is 100m and coefficient of friction is 0.00093.
Determine the power output in kW, (Use Morse equation)
a. 22,273 b. 32,345 c. 23,234 d. 34,452

134. The head required to produced a flow of the water.

a. static head b. velocity head c. pressure head d. dynamic head

135. The transfer of the heat energy from exhaust gases to compressed air flowing between the compressor
and combustion chamber.
a. intercooling b. regeneration c. convection d. economics

136. Find the work process for a Helium gas at 20 0C

a. 609 kJ/kg b. 168 kJ/kg c. 229 kJ/kg d. 339 kJ/kg

137. A common test and very important when a boiler is being repaired and or replaced before being back in
operation or in service is known as
a. hydrostatic test b. test clamp c. water level test d. acid test

138. A patented device combining expansion and compression function in a single rotor permitting higher cycle
temperatures
a. comprex b. expander c. compressor d. single-shaft

139. Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (S.G = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea bed is 2,032.56 kpag.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

140. When drying banana chips under the sun, the rate of drying is faster
a. On a slightly breezy day c. On a calm day
b. On a cloudy day d. On a hot and windy day

141. What is the color code of steam line in geothermal power plant?
a. Green b. Silver Gray c. Blue d. Red

142.Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s.
a. 5.10 m b. 10.2 m c. 17.4 m d. 2.55 m

143. A liquid dominated geothermal plant with a single flush separator receives water at 204°C. The separator
pressure is 1.04 MPa. A direct contact condenser operates polytropic efficiency of 0.75. For a cycle output of
60 MW, what is the mass flow rate of the well-water in kg/sec?
At 1.04 MPa: hf = 770.38, hfg = 2009.2, hg = 2779.6, sg = 6.5729
At 0.034 MPa: hf = 301.40, hfg = 2328.8, sf = 0.9793, sfg = 6.7463
a. 2,933 b. 2,100 c. 1,060 d. 2,444

144. A hydro-electric plant having 30 sq. m reservoir area and 100m head is used to generate power. The
energy utilized by the customers whose load is connected to the power plant during a five hour period is
13.5x106 kWh. The overall generation efficiency is 73%. Find the fall in the height of water in the reservoir
after five hour period.
a. 5.13m b. 1.32m c. 3.21m d. 2.20m

145. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.03 m3/sec having top diameter of 0.08, bottom
diameter of 0.04m and height of 1.5m. Find the pressure between the pipe.
a. 154.63 kPa b. 197.93 kPa c. 252.44 kPa d. 243.92 kPa

146. 3.0 lbm of air are contained at 25 psia and 100oF. Given that Rair = 53.35 ft-lbf-oF, what is the
volume of the container?
a. 10.7 ft3 b. 14.7 ft3 c. 15 ft3 d. 24.9 ft3
147. From the steam tables, determine the average Constant pressure specific heat (Cp) of steam
At 10 Kpa and 45.8oC.
a. 1.79 KJ/kg oC b. 10.28 KJ/kg oC c. 30.57 KJ/kg oC d. 100.1 KJ/kg oC

148. A 10m3 vessel initially contains 5m 3 of liquid water and 5m3 of saturated water vapor at
100 Kpa. Calculate the internal energy of the System using the steam tables.
a. 5 x 105 KJ b. 8 x 105 KJ c. 1 x 106 KJ d. 2 x 106 KJ

149. A Vessel with volume of 1 cubic meter contains Liquid water and water vapor equilibrium at
600 Kpa. The liquid water has a mass of 1 kg. Using the steam tables, calculate the Mass of water
vapor.
a. 0.99 kg b. 1.57 kg c. 3.16 kg d. 2.54 kg

150. If an initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume and to twice
its original temperature, the pressure:
a. doubles b. halves c. quadruples d. triples