1.

Authorization To Serve

- The first volleyball referee points their arm to the side, indicating to the player who is going
to serve. This makes it clear which team is in control and in charge of kicking off the rally.

Simultaneously with pointing, the first referee raises their other fist vertically above their
head. This indicates the readiness for the serve and signals to both teams that the rally is
about to start.

2. Team To Serve

- The official signal for indicating the team to serve in volleyball combines 2 separate hand
gestures:

Pointing: The first referee extends their arm and shows directly at the player about to serve.

Open palm facing the serving team: Simultaneously with pointing, the first referee extends
their other hand with an open palm facing directly towards the serving team.

3. Change of Courts

- The change of court volleyball official hand signals is a straightforward one! It signifies that
both teams need to switch sides of the court after reaching a specific score.

The first referee raises both forearms vertically, palms facing forward and while holding the
forearms in position, the referee rotates their forearms around each other, switching the
positions of their hands (left becomes right, and vice versa).

4. Time-Out

- The referee raises one hand vertically with fingers extended and places the palm of the
other hand horizontally across the fingers of the raised hand, forming a "T" shape.

While holding the "T" pose, the referee points toward the team requesting the time-out.
This clarifies which team is taking the break and prevents any confusion.

5. Substitution

- The first referee hand signals in volleyball as he brings both forearms together in front of
their chest, palms facing each other, and then makes a circular motion with their forearms
around each other as if rotating a wheel. This visually represents the exchange of players.
6. End of Set or Match - End of Set:

Whistle blow: The second referee blows their whistle decisively to signal the set's final point.

Hand gesture: The first referee raises their closed fist vertically over their head at the same
time, holding it there for a few seconds.

- End of Match

Whistle blow: Like the set ending, the second referee blows their whistle sharply to mark
the match's conclusion.

Hand gesture: The first referee again raises their closed fist vertically, but this time for a longer duration compared to the
end of a set.

7. Delay in Service

- The referee might first verbally warn the server by saying "Time" or "Hurry up" to prompt
them to initiate the serve quickly.

If the delay persists, the referee raises eight fingers, spread open, emphasizing the time
already elapsed and urging the server to serve quickly. After a significant delay, the referee
might award the point to the opposing team without any specific hand signal.

8. Blocking Fault Or Screening

- The signal for "Blocking Fault or Screening" in volleyball is determined by the type of fault
committed: Blocking Fault: Screening:

Raised arm and pointing: The first referee raises their arm vertically with their palm facing
outwards and points directly at the blocking team, as with other service faults.

The first referee lifts both arms with palms facing inward and crosses them in front of their
chest.

9. Positional Or Rotation Fault

- The first referee extends their arm, forefinger vertically pointing, and then performs a little
circular motion with their finger, as if painting a circle in the air. This simple gesture
universally denotes a flaw in the team formation's player positioning or rotations.

10. Ball “In”

- When the ball lands within the court's boundary lines, whether touching or totally within
them, the first referee simply waves their arm downwards in an unambiguous gesture. This
indicates that the ball is "In”, and play continues.
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