Mitosis/Meiosis

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 18

Units 9-12 Self-Test

1. The sequence of events from one cell division to the next cell division is called

a. meiosis.
b. mitosis.
c. cytokinesis.
d. interphase.

Use the following diagram to answer the next question

2. Letter “C” on this illustration represents

a. the centromere.
b. a chromatid.
c. crossing-over.
d. the spindle.

Use the following diagram to answer the next three question


3. The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for the Caribbean Fruit Fly is

a. 5.
b. 6.
c. 10.
d. 12.

4. The chromosomes for this image were taken from a rapidly dividing

a. reproductive cell.
b. polyploid cell.
c. somatic cell.
d. haploid cell.

5. Identify the non-homologous chromosomes on this diagram.

a. chromosome 1
b. chromosome 2
c. chromosome 3
d. chromosome X and chromosome Y

6. In a stem cell, identify the phase in interphase in which the DNA is replicated to form an identical
chromosome.

a. Gap 1 (G1) phase


b. S phase
c. Gap 2 (G2) phase
d. prophase

7. The division of the cytoplasm in a dividing stem cell is called

a. the S phase.
b. spermatogenesis.
c. oogenesis.
d. cytokinesis.

Use the following information to answer the next question.

The p53 gene


The p53 gene was the first cell cycle checkpoint gene to be discovered in humans. It is referred
to as a tumor suppressor gene because its normal function is to suppress the development of
tumors by detecting genetic mistakes in G1 cells. This results in arrested cell growth (cell cycle
arrest) or destruction (programmed cell death) of the cells with the mistake.
Source: http://www.barrettsinfo.com/content/5_how_does_cancer_develop_in_barretts.htm
8. Predict what happens when genetic abnormalities develop in the p53 gene leading to loss of its
normal function.

a) Tumors develop more readily because cells with genetic mistakes are allowed to divide and
pass the mistake on to daughter cells.
b) Tumors are suppressed because cells with genetic mistakes are destroyed.
c) Tumors develop more readily because the surrounding normal, somatic cells
are allowed to divide more rapidly.
d) Tumors develop more readily because abnormal cytokinesis takes place in
these cells.

9. Identify the phase of mitosis that is described below:


“During this phase, the nuclear membrane breaks down, releasing the chromosomes into the
cytoplasm. The nucleolus disappears and the centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.”

a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. metaphase
d. prophase

Use the following information to answer the next question.


Chemotherapy Drugs
Cancer cells are called neoplastics. Most chemotherapy drugs are known as “anti-neoplastics”
[antinee- oh-PLAS-tics.]. Most anti-neoplastics work by stopping cell division at some stage of
the cell cycle. They cause cell death in any dividing cell, and since most human cells are not
dividing all the time, they preferentially kill cancer cells. Vincristine is an alkaloid isolated from
the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharantus roseus, formerly classified as Vinca rosea. This led to
this drug being called a Vinca alkaloid, and thus vincristine.
Vincristine binds to tubulin, the protein that makes up the spindle fibre microtubules.
Source: http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/goodfor6.html

10. Which of the following statements best explains why vincristine is used to treat some cancer
patients?

a. It blocks actively dividing cells from making DNA during prophase.


b. It prevents the formation of spindle fibres during prophase.
c. It prevents the synthesis of DNA in the S phase.
d. It blocks the division of the cytoplasm during cytokinesis.
Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions

11. Which row correctly identifies the phases labeled B and C?

Row Phase Labeled B Phase Labeled C


A anaphase telophase
B prophase metaphase
C anaphase interphase
D metaphase prophase

12. The structures that you would see in a dividing animal cell but NOT in these dividing onion cells
are the

a. spindles.
b. cell membranes.
c. centrioles.
d. chloroplasts.

13. If a diploid cell of an organism contains 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each
daughter cell contain after meiosis I?

a. 8
b. 4
c. 16
d. 2

14. If you were observing the chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis, you would see that the
chromosomes are arranged as

a. single chromosomes.
b. unpaired duplicated chromosomes.
c. homologous pairs of chromosomes.
d. unwound, thin strands of chromatin.
15. Crossing over occurs between

a. sister chromatids of the same chromosomes.


b. chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes.
c. chromatids of two daughter nuclei.
d. non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair.

16. During which meiotic division do cells become haploid?

a. anaphase I of meiosis I
b. anaphase II of meiosis II
c. anaphase II of mitosis I
d. anaphase II of mitosis II

17. Which row in the table below correctly identifies the two key events in meiosis that ensure
genetic recombination in sexually reproducing organisms?

Row Event Event


A crossing over independent assortment
B interphase cytokinesis
C binary fission vegetative propagation
D conjugation spermatogenesis

Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions.


18. The phases of meiosis depicted by the letters E and I respectively are

a. prophase I and prophase II.


b. prophase II and prophase I.
c. metaphase I and metaphase II.
d. metaphase II and metaphase I.

19. Interkinesis is the period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II. This phase is represented on
this diagram between the cells(s) identified by the letters

a. C-D
b. D-E
c. L-M
d. G-H.

20. Which row below is incorrect?

Comparison of Meiosis I and Mitosis

Row Meiosis I Mitosis


a. Prophase I—pairing of Prophase—no pairing of
homologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes
b. Metaphase I—homologous Metaphase—duplicated
duplicated chromosomes at chromosomes at metaphase
metaphase plate plate
c. Anaphase I—homologous Anaphase—sister chromatids
chromosomes separate separate
d. Telophase I—two diploid Telophase—two haploid
daughter cells are formed daughter cells identical to the
parent cell are formed
21. Which row below is incorrect?

Comparison of Meiosis II and Mitosis

Row Meiosis II Mitosis


a. Prophase II—no pairing of Prophase—no pairing of
homologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes
b. Metaphase II—diploid number Metaphase—homologous
of chromosomes at the duplicated chromosomes at
metaphase plate metaphase plate
c. Anaphase II—sister chromatids Anaphase—sister chromatids
separate, becoming daughter separate, becoming daughter
chromosomes that move to the chromosomes that move to the
poles poles
d. Telophase II—four haploid Telophase—two diploid
daughter cells are formed daughter cells identical to the
parent cell are formed

22. Which row does not indicate a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans?

Row Spermatogenesis Oogenesis


a. occurs in males occurs in females
b. produces haploid sperm produces diploid eggs
c. produces four sperm per produces one egg per meiosis
meiosis
d. typically goes to completion does not typically go to
completion

Use the following information to answer the next question


23. The yeast cells shown here are reproducing using an asexual process called

a. budding
b. vegetative reproduction
c. fragmentation
d. conjugation

24. A female green aphid can reproduce using a form of asexual reproduction in which an
unfertilized egg develops into an adult. This form of reproduction is called

a. budding.
b. conjugation.
c. spermatogenesis.
d. parthenogenesis.

25. The dominant stage (most visible) in the life cycle of a pine tree is

a. the diploid (2n) sporophyte stage.


b. the haploid (n) sporophyte stage.
c. the diploid gametophyte stage.
d. the haploid gametophyte stage.

26. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Asexual reproduction often proceeds more quickly than sexual reproduction.


b. Asexual reproduction usually requires less energy than sexual reproduction.
c. Asexual reproduction allows for increasing genetic diversity in the population.
d. Asexual reproduction does not require the presence of a second parent.

Use the following information to answer the next 2 questions

27. Which stage of meiosis is represented by this cell?

A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Anaphase II
28. The life cycle of a plant illustrates the process of

a. fragmentation.
b. budding.
c. alternation of generations.
d. alternation of sexual cycles.

29. Which of the following events is not characteristic of interphase?

A. The cell is inactive.


B. Proteins are synthesized for the next mitotic division.
C. Proteins are synthesized for cell growth and metabolism
D. The genetic material duplicates in preparation for mitosis.

30. If one of two newly formed daughter cells has one extra chromosome, and the other daughter cell
has one less, the problem in the preceding mitotic division probably occurred in
A. prophase.
B. metaphase.
C. anaphase.
D. telophase.

31. What is the correct sequence of the following events that occur in mitosis?
1. The cytoplasm and organelles are divided between the daughter cells.
2. The nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear.
3. The centromere splits.
4. The chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears.
5. The chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell.
6. The chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane.
A. 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4
B. 1, 4, 3, 5, 6, 2
C. 4, 3, 6, 5, 1, 2
D. 4, 6, 3, 5, 2, 1

32. Which of the following structures disappears in prophase and reappears in telophase?
A. centromeres
B. cell membrane
C. nuclear membrane
D. spindle fibres

33. Select the answer which gives the correct sequence of events in the mitosis of onion root tip
cells.
1. cell plate formation
2. appearance of spindle fibers
3. movement of chromosomes to centre of the cell
4. separation of chromatids
5. chromatin condenses
A. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
B. 1, 4, 2, 5, 3
C. 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
D. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1

34. If a cell with 36 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will have
A. 36 chromosomes.
B. 72 chromosomes.
C. 18 chromosomes.
D. 9 chromosomes.

35. If the centromere in one of your 46 chromosomes does not split until telophase, it would result in
A. two cells, each with 46 chromosomes.
B. two cells, each with 23 chromosomes.
C. two cells, one with 45 chromosomes and one with 47 chromosomes.
D. two cells, one with 23 chromosomes and one with 46 chromosomes.

36. A certain cell undergoes mitosis every 20 min. The number of cells produced from one original
cell after 1 h 20 min. would be
A. 2.
B. 16.
C. 32.
D. 80.

37. Which cells in the human body have a diploid number of 46 chromosomes in their nuclei?
A. only cells that are produced by mitosis
B. only the reproductive cells
C. only cells that are produced by meiosis
D. only zygotes

38. An important feature of meiosis is that it


A. results in the production of a fertilized egg cell.
B. minimizes the number of genetically different gametes.
C. doubles the chromosome number between successive generations.
D. maintains the same number of chromosomes in the organism between generations.

39. A cell in a human testis is undergoing meiosis. What is the sequence of the following events?
1. A cell division occurs without the duplication of chromosomes.
2. The chromosomes replicate in interphase.
3. Haploid cells are formed.
4. Without separation of the centromere, the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell.
5. The centromere splits and the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell.
A. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
B. 1, 5, 4, 3, 2
C. 4, 1, 5, 2, 3
D. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3
40. Which statement does not describe the interphase between telophase I and prophase II of meiosis?
A. Replication of DNA occurs.
B. In most cells, the chromosomes have uncoiled.
C. If present, centrioles migrate to opposite poles.
D. In most cells, a nuclear membrane surrounds the chromosomes.

41. During meiosis, genetic variation in the gametes is achieved by


A. replication and fertilization.
B. crossing over and replication.
C. crossing over and fertilization.
D. crossing over and random assortment.

42. Each human cell may contain as many as 100 000 genes. Most of these are represented by two
copies in each of your body cells. How many copies of each gene would be in a single cell in
prophase I of meiosis?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

43. Which is a result of meiosis?


A. Chromosome number is reduced to one-half the original number.
B. New combinations of genes are produced when crossing over occurs.
C. Maternal and paternal chromosomes are mixed when homologous chromosomes
separate independently.
D. All of these choices are results of meiosis.

44. Classify the following statement: The resulting cells contain one chromosome from each
homologous pair.
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. neither mitosis nor meiosis

45. Classify the following statement: The centromere splits prior to the separation of the
chromosomes.
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. both mitosis and meiosis

46. Classify the following statement: The chromosomes are replicated in interphase.
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. both mitosis and meiosis
47. Classify the following statement: The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as
the parent cell.
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. neither mitosis nor meiosis

48. Classify the following statement: This type of nuclear division helps maintain the number of
chromosomes from generation to generation.
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. neither mitosis nor meiosis

49. If one pair of your 23 pairs of chromosomes does not separate during anaphase I of meiosis, the
consequence would be the production of
A. four cells, each with 23 chromosomes.
B. four cells, two with 23 chromosomes and two with 46 chromosomes.
C. four cells, two with 45 chromosomes and two with 47 chromosomes.
D. four cells, two with 22 chromosomes and two with 24 chromosomes.

50. If a sperm cell contains 18 chromosomes, a muscle cell from the same organism will contain
A. 9 chromosomes.
B. 9 pairs of chromosomes.
C. 18 chromosomes.
D. 18 pairs of chromosomes.

51. Which of the following is characteristic of meiosis but not of mitosis?


A. involves cell division
B. occurs in both plants and animals
C. results in chromosome reduction to a single set
D. involves a distribution of chromosomes to daughter nuclei

52. The events which occur in both mitosis and meiosis are similar except during
A. anaphase.
B. chromosomal duplications.
C. mitotic metaphase and first meiotic metaphase.
D. mitotic metaphase and second meiotic metaphase.

53. During which stage would it be most easy to distinguish a cell undergoing mitosis from a
similar cell undergoing the first meiotic division?
A. telophase
B. prophase
C. anaphase
D. metaphase
54. A herbicide has been developed that stops spindle formation during cell division. The effects of
such a chemical would first interfere with the normal cell division during
A. anaphase of mitosis
B. prophase of mitosis
C. interphase of meiosis and mitosis
D. metaphase of meiosis and mitosis

Use the following diagram to answer the next question.

55. The syndromes produced at 1 and 2 respectively are


A. Down and Turner
B. Klinfelter and Down
C. Klinfelter and Turner
D. Trisomic Female and Turner
Numerical Response Questions

1. Species of polyploid coffee plants are known. Calculate the diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid
number of chromosomes for this species if its haploid number is 11 chromosomes.
_____ _____ _____
2n 8n 4n

2. The events of the cell cycle are identified below. These events are not necessarily in the correct
order.

1. S phase --- period of DNA synthesis


2. cytokinesis --- the division of the cytoplasm
3. G1 phase --- growth phase
4. mitosis --- division of the nucleus
5. G2 phase --- growth phase

The correct order of the events in the cell cycle are ____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

3. The major events in spermatogenesis in human males are listed below. These events are not
necessarily in the correct order.

1. meiosis II
2. spermatids
3. spermatogonium
4. meiosis I
5. primary spermatocytes
6. secondary spermatocytes

The correct sequence in the production of sperm is _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and
_____.

Written Answer

1. There are 20 pairs of chromosomes in the somatic cells of the house mouse.
(a) How many chromosomes does a mouse receive from its father?
(b) How many chromosomes would be in each egg cell of the mouse?
(c) How many chromosomes does each cell have after meiosis I?
(d) How many chromosomes does each cell have after meiosis II?
(e) What is the haploid number? What is the diploid number?
2. A male organism has two homologous chromosomes, A and B from his mother , and A1 and B1
from the father.
(a) Draw anaphase from meiosis I.
(b) Draw anaphase from mitosis.
(c) Draw metaphase from meiosis II.
(d) Draw metaphase from mitosis.
(e) Draw late prophase of mitosis.

3. A gamete from a certain organism has 10 chromosomes.


(a) How pairs of chromosomes would a somatic cell have?
(b) How many chromosomes would a newly fertilized zygote have?
(c) What is the haploid number? What is the diploid number?
(d) How many chromosomes would each pole of a cell have after anaphase I?
(e) How many chromatids would each pole of a cell have after anaphase I?

4. At what stage of meiosis do the following events occur?


(a) separation of homologous chromosomes
(b) separation of sister chromatids
(c) synapsis of homologous chromosomes
(d) formation of chiasmata
(e) formation of 4 haploid cells
(f) cytokinesis
5. Sketch a diagram of the cell cycle and identify the stage in the cell cycle where the telomeres
of a chromosome become shorter. Hypothesize why Dolly died at a younger age than is normal
for Finn Dorset sheep.

Answer Key

1.D 11.A 21.B 31.D 41.D 51.C


2.A 12.C 22.B 32.C 42.D 52.C
3.D 13.B 23.A 33.A 43.D 53.D
4.C 14.C 24.D 34.A 44.B 54.B
5.D 15.D 25.A 35.C 45.D 55.C
6.B 16.A 26.C 36.B 46.D NR1:228844
7.D 17.A 27.D 37.A 47.A NR2:31542
8.A 18.C 28.C 38.D 48.B NR3:354612
9.D 19.D 29.A 39.A 49.D
10.B 20.D 30.C 40.A 50.D

Written Answer
1a. 20 b. 20 c. 20 d. 20 e. 20, 40

2.A A B1 2B
A B1 A A1 B B1
A1 B
A1 B A A1 B B1

2C.
2C

A B1 A1 B
A B1 OR A1 B
2E. AA
2.D
A A1 B B1 BB
A A1 B B1 A1A1

B1B1

3.a. 10 b. 20 c. 10,20 d. 10 e. 20

4.a. anaphase I b. anaphase II c. prophase I d. prophase I


e. telophase II f. telophase I and II

5.

The telomeres become shorter when the DNA replicates. This occurs during the S phase of
interphase. Dolly possibly died at a younger age because, even though she was young, her
chromosomes were old and so the chromosomes were not replicating any more, meaning that
cells were no longer dividing.

You might also like