API 527-1991 (Atualizada)

Licença de uso exclusivo para Valbrac Ind. Com. e Manut. de Eqptos.
Ltda
Seat Tightness of Pressure

Relief Valves
API STANDARD 527

THIRD EDITION, JULY 1991
REAFFIRMED, JULY l,2007'

Licença de uso exclusivo para Valbrac Ind. Com. e Manut. de Eqptos. Ltda
Seat Tightness of Pressure

Relief Valves
Downstream Segment
API STANDARD 527

THIRD EDITION, JULY 1991
REAFFIRMED, JULY 1,2007

SPECIAL NOTES
1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL

NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE,
AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED.
2. API IS NOT UNDERTAUNG TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANU-
FACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP
THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND
SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THETR OBLIGATIONS
UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL JAWS.
3. INFORMATION CONCERNTNG SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER
PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDI-
TIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER
OR SUPPLER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
4. NOTHING CONTAINED INANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS
GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT CQV-
ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN
THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL
ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT.
S. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAF-
FIRMED, OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A O N E
TIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW
CYCLE. THIS PURLICATION WILL NO LONGER RE INEFFECT FIVE YEARS AF-
TER ITS PURLICATJON DATE AS AN OPERATIVE APT STANDARD OR, WHERE
AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPUBLICATION. STATUS OF THE
PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTALNED FROM T I E API AUTHORLNG DEPART-
MENT (202) 682-8000]. A CATALOG OF APT PUBLICATIONS AND
MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API,
1220 L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005.
Copyright 0 199 1 American Petroleum Institute

FOREWORD
This standard describes tcsts to determine the seat tightness of metal- and soft-seated
pressure relief valves. Valves of conventional, kllows, and pilot-operated designs are cov-
ered. Acceptable leakage rates are defined. Tests with air, steam, and water are described.
This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Although it
is recogni7ed that the purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify sections of this
standard, it is strongly recommended that such mdifications, deletions, and amplifications
be made by supplementingthis standard, rather than by rewriting or incorporating sections
thereof into another complete standard.
API standards m published as an aid to procurement of standardizd equipment and ma-
terials. These standards are not in tended to inhibit purchasers or produce= from purchasing
or producing p d u c t s made to specifications other than those of API.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made
by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability ofthe data contained in them; however,
the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this pub-
lication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage=-
sulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with
which this publication may conflict.
Suggest4 revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Refining
Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION CONCERNING USE OF

ASBESTOS OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
Asbestos is specified or referenced for certain components of the equipment descrilxd in

some API standards. It has k e n of extreme usefulness in minimizing fire hazards assmi-
ated with petroleum processing. It has also been a universal sealing material, compatible
with most refining fluid services.
Certain serious adverse health effects are associated with asbestos, among them the se-
rious and often fatal diseases of lung cancer, askstosis, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the
chest and abdominal linings). The degree of exposure to asbestos varies with the product
and the work practices involved.
Consult the most =cent edition of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Standard for As-
bestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolitc, 29 Code of Federal Regulations Section
1910.1001; the U.S. Envimnmental Prokction Agency, National Ernision Standard for As-
bestos, 40 Code oofFederral Regulations Sections 61.140 through 61.156; and the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule on labeling requirements and phased banning of
aslxstos products, published at 54 FederalRegister 29460 (July 12, 1989).
There are currently in use and under development a number of substitute materials to re-
place asbestos in certain applications. Manufacturers and users are encouraged to develop
and use effective substitute materials that can meet the specifications for, and operating
requirements of, the equipment to which they would apply.
SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION WITI-I RESPECT TO PARTICULAR
PRODUCTS OR MATERJALS CAN BE OBTAJNED FROM THE EMPLOYER, T I E
MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLER OF THAT PRODUCT OR MATERIAL, OR THE
MATERJAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
CONTENTS
SECTION 1- SCOPE .......................................................................

SECTION 2 T E S T I N G WITH AIR ................................................
2.1 Test Apparatus .................................................................................................
2.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................
2.2.1 Test Medium .............................................................................................
2.2.2 Test Configuration ....................................................................................
2.2.3 Test Pressure .............................................................................................
2.2.4 Leakage Test .............................................................................................
2.3 Acceptance Criteria .........................................................................................
SECTION 3 T E S T I N G WITH STEAM .........................................
3.1 Procedure ........................................................................................................
3.1.1 Test Medium .............................................................................................
3.1.3 Test Pressure ............................................................................................
3.1.4 Leakage Test .............................................................................................
SECTION 4 T E S T I N G WITH WATER .........................................
4.1 Procedure ........................................................................................................
4.1.1 Test Medium .............................................................................................
4.1.3 Test Fressure .............................................................................................
4.1.4 Leakage Test .............................................................................................
SECTION 5 T E S T I N G WITH AIR-ANOTHER METHOD ......
5.1 Type of Valve to k Tested ..............................................................................
5.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................
5.2.1 Test Medium .............................................................................................
5.2.3 Test Pressure .............................................................................................
5.2.4 Leakage Test .............................................................................................
5.3 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................................
Figures
l-Apparatus to Test Seat Tightness With Air ................................................ 2
2-Device to Relieve Body Pressure Caused by Accidental Popping
of the Valve .................................................................................................... 2
Table
l-Maximum Seat Lcakage Rates for Metal-Seated Pressure Relief Valves ...... 3
Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves
SECTION 1-SCORE
This standard describes methds of determining the seat The test medium for determining the seat tightness-air,
tightness of metal- and soft-seatedpressure relief valves, includ- steam, or water--shall be the same as that used for determin-
ing those of conventional, bellows, and pilot-operated designs. ing the set pressure of the valve.
The maximum acaeptable leakage rates ar% defined for p s - For dual-service valves, the test medium-air, steam, or
surerelief valves with set pressures h m 15 pounds per square water-shall be the same as the primary relieving medium.
inch g a u p (103 kilopascals gauge) to 6,000 pounds per square To ensure safety, the procedures outlined in this standard
inch gauge (41,379 kilopascals gauge). If p t e r scat tightness shall be performed by persons e x ~ r i e n c e din the use and
is required, the purchaser shall s p i f y it in the purchasc order. functions of pressure relief valves.
SECTION 2-TESTING WlTH AIR
2.1 Test Apparatus per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gauge), the leakage
rate in bubbles per minute shall be determined with the test
A test for determining seat tightness with air p ~ s s , at the valve inlet held at 90 percent of the set p ~ s -
is shorn in Figure 1. Leakage shallbe measmd 'sing a tube A , , For a valve set at 50 pounds per square inch gauge
with an outside diameter of % 1 6 inch (7.9 millimeters) (345 kilopascals gauge) or less, the test pressure shall be
and a wall tticlcncss of 0'035 inch (0.89 millimeter). n-le held at 5 pounds per square inch (34.5 kilopascals) less than
tube end shall bc cut square and smooth. The tubc opening the set pressurn.
shall be !/2 inch (12.7 millirneters) below the surface of the
water. The tube shall be perpendicular to the surface of the
W ater.
2.2.4 LEAKAGE TEST
Arrangement shall be made to safcly relieve or contain M y Before the leakage test, the set pressure shall be demon-
pressure in case the valvc accidentally pops (see Fi,w 2). strated, and all valve body joints and fittings should be
checked with a suitable solution to ensure that all joints
2.2 Procedure are tight.
2.2.1 TEST MEDIUM Before the bubble count, the test pressure shall be ap-
plied for at least 1 minute for a valve whose nominal pipe
The test medium shall be air (or nitrogen) near ambient size is 2 inches (50 millimeters) or smaller; 2 minutes for
temperature. a valve whose nominal pipe size is 2 1 / 2 , 3, or 4 inches
(65, 80, or 100 millimeters); and 5 minutes for a valve
2.2.2 TEST CONFIGURATION whose nominal pipe size is 6 inches (150 millimeters) or
The valve shall be vertically mounted on the test stand, larger. The valve shall then be observed for leakage for at
and the test apparatus shall be attached to the valve outlet, as least I minute.
shown in Figure 1. All openings-including but not limited
to caps, drain holes, vents, and outlets-shall be closed. 2.3 Acceptance Criteria
For a valve with a metal seat, the leakage rate in bubbles
2.2.3 TEST PRESSURE
per minute shall not exceed the appropriate value in Table 1.
For a valve whose set pressure is p a t e r than SO pounds For a soft-seated valve, there shall be no leakage for 1
SECTION 3-TESTING WlTH STEAM
3.1 Procedure 3.1.2 TEST CONFIGURATION

3.1 .l TEST MEDIUM
The valve shall be vertically mounted on the steam
The test medium shall be saturated steam. test stand.
2 API ~ A N D A R D527
T h t w i h w t i k dame- erf%ir&
(79m m) and wdI tidmuz
d O . W . 5 iKh ( 0 8 9 m w )
Yind?(l2.7 mm)
Note: See Figure 2 for an example of a device to relieve body pressure in case the valve accidentally p o p ,
Figure l-Apparatus to Test Seat Tightness With Air
3.1.3 TEST PRESSURE less, the test pressure shall be held at S pounds per square
inch (34.5 kilopascals) less than the set pressure.
For a valve whose set pressure i s greater than 50 pounds
per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gauge), the seat tight-
3.1.4 LEAKAGE TEST
ness shall be determined with the test pressure at the valve
inlet held at 90 percent of the set pressure. For a valve set at Before starting the seat tightness test, the set pres-
SO pounds per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gauge) or sure shall be dernonstra ted, and the test pressure
+.&ind1(12.7mm)
Figure 2-Device to Relieve Body Pressure Caused by

Accidental Popping of the Valve
Table l-Maximum Seat Leakage Rates for Metal-Seated Pressure Relief Valves
Effective Orifice Sizes Wwtive O r i f ~ Sizes
c
0.307 Inch and Smaller L q e r Than 0.307 Inch
Set Pre~~ure
at 60T (156°C) Approximate Lcakagc Approximare Leakage
per W I - I a s F r 24 Hours
Pounds per Leakage Rafe Leakage Rate
Square Inch Mega- (huhhles Standard Standard (lmhhles Standard Standard
Gauge pawals p ~ minute)
r Cubic Ret Cubic Meters pcr minutc) Cubic Fcet Cubic Meters
shall be held for at least 3 minutes. Any condensate The valve shall then be observed for leakage for at least
in the body bowl shall be removed before the seat l minute.
tightness test. Air (or nitrogen) may be used to dry
condensate.
After any condensate has been removed, the inlet pres-
3.2 Acceptance Criteria
sure shall be increased to the test pressure. Tightness For both metal- and soft-seated valves, there shall be no
shall then be checked visually using a black background. audible or visible leakage for 1 minute.
SECTION 4-TESTING WlTH WATER
4.1 Procedure 4.1.4 LEAKAGETEST

4.1.l TEST MEDIUM Before starting the scat tightness test, the set pressure shall
be demonstrated, and the outlet body bowl shall be filled
The test medium be water near ambient tempaature. with water, which shall be allowed to stabilize with no visi-
ble flow f m the valve outlet. The inlet pressure shall then
4.1.2 TEST CONFIGURATION increased to the test pressure. The valve shall then be ob-
The valve shall be vertically mountcd on the water test stand. served for 1minute at the test Pressure.
4.1.3 TEST PRESSURE 4.2 Acceptance Criteria

For a valve whose set pressure is greater than 50 pounds For a metal-seated valve whose inlet has a nominal pipe
per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gaup), the seat tight- size of l inch or larger, the leakage rate shall not exceed 10
ness shall be determined with the test pressure at the valve cubic centimetem per hour per inch of nominal inlet size. For
inlet held at 90 percent of the set pressure. For a valve set at a metal-seated valve whose inlet has a nominal pipe size of
50 pounds per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gauge) or lcss than 1 inch, the leakage rate shall not exceed 10 cubic
less, the test pressure shall be held at 5 pounds per square centimetm per hour. For soft-seated valves, there shall be no
inch (34.5kilopascals) less than the set pressure. leakage for I. minute.
SECTION 5-TESTING WlTH AIR-ANOTHER METHOD
5.1 Typeof Valveto beTested

This alternative methd shall not be used to test valves in
Valves with open bonnets-bonnets that cannotlx readily which air bubbles can travel to the o p n bonnet through any
sealed, as specified in 2.2.2-may be tested in accordance passageway inside the valve guide without being observed at
with this section instead of Section 2. the valve outlet.
4 API ~ A N D A R D527
5.2 Procedure held at 5 pounds per square inch (34.5 kilopascals) less
than the set pressure.
5.2.1 TEST MEDIUM
The test medium shall be air (or nitrogen) near ambient 5.2.4 LEAKAGE TEST
temperature. Before starting the seat tightness test, the set pressure shall
be demonstrated, and the outlet body bowl shall be filled
5.2.2 TEST CONFIGURATION with water to the level of the partial seal. The inlet pressure
shall then be increased to the test pressure and held at this
The valve shall be vertically mounted on the air test pressure for Z minute before the bubble count. The valve
stand. The valve outlet shall be partially sealed with wa- shall then be observed for leakage for at least 1 minute.
ter to about 1 / 2 inch (12.7 millimeters) above the noz-
zle's seating surface. CAUTlOnr: When looking for leakage, the observer shall
use a mirror or some other indirect means of observation so
that the observer's face is not in line with the outlet of the
5.2.3 TEST PRESSURE valve, in case the valve accidentally pops.
For a valve whose set pressure is greater than 50 pounds
per square inch gauge (345 kilopascals gauge), the leakage
5.3 Acceptance Criteria
rate in bubbles per minute shall l x determined with the test For a valve with a metal seat, the leakage rate in bubbles
pressure at the valve inlet held at 90 percent of the set pres- per minute shall not exceed 50 percent of the appropriate
sure. For a valve set at 50 pounds per square inch gauge value in Table 1. For a soft-seated valve, there shall be no
(345 kilopascals gauge) or less, the test pressure shall he leakage for 1 minute (0 bubbles per minute).
Order No. 822-52700

1220 L Street, NW
Washingbn. DC 2000FA070
USA
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Licença de uso exclusivo para Valbrac Ind. Com. e Manut. de Eqptos.

Seat Tightness of Pressure

API STANDARD 527

REAFFIRMED, JULY l,2007'

Seat Tightness of Pressure

API STANDARD 527

REAFFIRMED, JULY 1,2007

1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL

Copyright 0 199 1 American Petroleum Institute

IMPORTANT INFORMATION CONCERNING USE OF

Asbestos is specified or referenced for certain components of the equipment descrilxd in

SECTION 1- SCOPE .......................................................................

Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves

SECTION 2-TESTING WlTH AIR

SECTION 3-TESTING WlTH STEAM

3.1 Procedure 3.1.2 TEST CONFIGURATION

Figure l-Apparatus to Test Seat Tightness With Air

Figure 2-Device to Relieve Body Pressure Caused by

SECTION 4-TESTING WlTH WATER

4.1 Procedure 4.1.4 LEAKAGETEST

4.1.3 TEST PRESSURE 4.2 Acceptance Criteria

SECTION 5-TESTING WlTH AIR-ANOTHER METHOD

5.1 Typeof Valveto beTested

Order No. 822-52700

Additha1 copies are avaihble through Techsbt

InfarmaUonabouf A R Publlcafions,Programs and Senrfoes

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