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    Chapter 5 Tut 1

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    Yash Kr
    This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 5 Tut 1

    Uploaded by

    Yash Kr
    8 views16 pages
    This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

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    chapter 5 tut 1

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    This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views16 pages

    Chapter 5 Tut 1

    Uploaded by

    Yash Kr
    This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Chapter 5: The First Law of

    Thermodynamics

    Thermodynamics
    (5.35/5.34) A 100-L rigid tank contains nitrogen
    (N2) at 900 K, 3 MPa. The tank is now cooled to
    100 K. What are the work and heat transfer for
    this process?
    C.V. : Nitrogen in tank. m2  m1
    Energy equation : m(u2  u1 )  1Q2  1W2
    V
    Process : V  constant  v2  v1  and 1W2  0
    m
    State 1: T1  900 K, P1  3 MPa  superheated
    3
    Table B.6.2 : v1  0.090 m /kg, u1  691.7 kJ/kg

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    V 0.1 m3
    m  3
     1.111kg
    v1 0.090 m /kg

    State 2: T2  100 K, v2  v1  0.090 m3 /kg  vg @100K


     superheated
    look in Table B.6.2 at 100 K

    200kPa : v  0.1425 m3 /kg, u  71.73 kJ/kg

    400kPa : v  0.06806 m3 /kg, u  69.30 kJ/kg


    interpolation gives : P2  341kPa , u2  70.0 kJ/kg

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    1 Q2  m(u2  u1 )  1W2
     1.111 kg  70.0  691.7  kJ/kg  0
    = 690.7 kJ

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    (5.37/5.39) A cylinder fitted with a frictionless
    piston contains 2 kg of superheated refrigerant
    R-134a vapor at 350 kPa, 100oC. The cylinder is
    now cooled so the R-134a remains at constant
    pressure until it reaches a quality of 75%.
    Calculate the heat transfer in the process
    C.V: R-134a, m2  m1  m
    Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  1W2
    Process: P = Constant => 1W2   PdV  PV  Pm(v2  v1 )

    Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  Pm(v2  v1 )


     1 Q2  m([u2  P2v2 ]  [u1  Pv
    1 1 ])  m(h2  h1 )

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    State 1: m  2 kg, P1  350 kPa, T1  1000C  Superheated
    B.5.2  300 kPa@1000C  P1  350 kPa  400 kPa@1000C
    490.48  489.52
    h1   490 kJ/kg
    2
    State 2: P2  P1  350 kPa, x2  0.75
    B.5.1 h2  206.75  0.75 194.57  352.7 kJ/kg

    1 Q2  m(h2  h1 )  2  (352.7  490)  274.6 kJ

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    (5.48/5.46) A water-filled reactor with volume of
    1 m3 is at 20 MPa, 3600C and placed inside a
    containment room. The room is well insulated and
    initially evacuated. Due to a failure, the reactor
    ruptures and water fills the containment room. Find
    the minimum room volume, so the final Pressure
    does not exceed 200 kPa.

    C.V.: Containment room + reactor


    Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1Q2  1W2  0

    Engineering Thermodynamics 12
    State 1: P1  20000 kPa, T1  360o C
     Compressed Liquid: P  Psat , T  Tsat
    Vreactor 1
    Mass: m   3
     548.5 kg
    v1 0.001823 m /kg
    Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  1W2  0  u2  u1
    u1  1702.8 kJ/kg  u2
    State 2: P2  200 kPa , u2  u g => 2-Phase
    u2  u f 1702.8  504.47
    x2 =   0.59176
    u fg 2025.02
    v2  0.001061  0.59176  0.88467  0.52457 m3 /kg
    V2  m2 v2  548.5  0.52457  287.7 m3

    Engineering Thermodynamics 13
    (5.57/5.51) A cylinder having a piston restrained by
    a linear spring (of spring constant 15 kN/m)
    contains 0.5 kg of saturated vapor water at 120°C,
    as shown in Fig. Heat is transferred to the water,
    causing the piston to rise. If the piston cross-
    sectional area is 0.05 m2, and the pressure varies
    linearly with volume until a final pressure of 500
    kPa is reached. Find the final temperature in the
    cylinder and the heat transfer for the process.

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    C.V. Water in cylinder.
    Continuity: m2 = m1 = m ;
    Energy : m(u2 - u1) = 1Q2 - 1W2
    State 1: 120oC, saturated vapor
    Table B.1.1(page 674 )
    => v1 = 0.89186 m3/kg, u1 = 2529.24 kJ/kg
    Process: P2 = P1 + ksm/Ap2 (v2 - v1)

    State 2: P2 = 500 kPa


    500 kPa = 198.5+15 × 0.5/(0.05)2 (v2 - 0.89186)
     v2 = 0.9924 m3/kg

    Engineering Thermodynamics
    Table B.1.3 => T2 = 803°C; u2 = 3668 kJ/kg
    W12 = ⌠ PdV = ((P1 + P2)/2) m(v2 - v1)
    = ((198.5 + 500)/2) × 0.5 × (0.9924 - 0.89186)
    = 17.56 kJ

    1Q2= m(u2 - u1) + 1W2


    = 0.5 × (3668 - 2529.2) + 17.56 = 587 kJ

    Engineering Thermodynamics

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