PATTERNS OF WRITTEN TEXTS The kind of words we used to describe how your

subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or even tastes.

Pattern of Development Objective Description
The logical arrangement of ideas is known as the The writer presents impartial and actual picture of the
pattern of development. The pattern helps you follow subject without biases and excluding personal
ideas easily and understand a text better. Having the impression of the subject just like when you give your
ability to recognize it will help you distinguish major description of an experiment in class.
details from minor ones and predict ideas.
Subjective Description
NARRATION The writer gives personal impression of what is
-the action or process of narrating or telling a story. observed. This is often used in making fiction stories.
-contains the plot which gives direction in making a For instance, when you are asked to write about a place
story. you visit during summer vacation, you tend to give your
-sequential presentation of events plays an important personal judgment of how you experience the place.
role.
Definition - to develop an idea helps to clarify and
 The chronological ordering of events helps to show explain concepts by answering the question “What does
the reader how the story moves. Most of the it mean?”
common transitional words are first, next, then,
after, suddenly, etc. Moreover, it is also important Informal Definition
to give specific details in pointing out the direction Denotation is the dictionary meaning of the word.
of the story. Connotation is the secondary meaning of a word and is
not necessarily included in the dictionary
• NARRATION is a writing pattern that is used to tell a
story. Ex.
• A narrative text contains the PLOT which gives DENOTATION: Rose is a prickly shrub with pinnate
direction in the story. leaves and showy flowers.
• TRANSITIONAL DEVICES are words or phrases that CONNOTATION: A dozen of red roses usually refer to
help carry a thought from one sentence to another, love and romance.
from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to
another. • Most of the common transitional words to Formal Definition
show CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERING of events are first, It consists of three principal parts: the Species (WORD)
next, then, after and suddenly. • The SEQUENCE of + Genus (CLASS) + Differentiae (FEATURE).
events help to show the reader how the story moves.
The WORD is the name of the object, process, or
DESCRIPTION concept defined. This is usually followed by “is” and
A descriptive pattern basically provides details on the “are” and the CLASS or general group to which the
idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern. objects belongs. Conjunctions are used to add the
Through a sensory pattern, ideas are arranged based on FEATURES of the word being defined
one or all of the five senses. A spatial pattern, on the
other hand, arranges ideas by location or physical For Example (Formal Definition)
space. Skimming (species) is a reading technique (class) of
allowing the eyes to travel over a page very quickly,
Signal Words stopping only here and there to gain an idea
 Above (differentiae).
 below
 in front of OTHER METHODS USED IN DEFINITION
 Inside
 Outside 1. BY STATING ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Example: San Pablo City is one of the oldest towns in
 It tastes… the Philippines and today, it is known as one of the first-
 It feels… class cities in the province of Laguna. It is also called the
 It looks… City of Seven Lakes
 It smells…
 It sounds… 2. BY FUNCTION
Example: A vaccine is a biological preparation that
Sensory Languages stimulates the immune system to produce immunity to
a specific disease, protecting the individual from COHERENCE refers to the overall sense of unity in a
subsequent infections. passage, including both the main point of sentences
3. BY WHAT IT IS NOT and the main point of each paragraph. A coherent
Example: An airplane is not a ground-based vehicle but passage focuses the reader’s attention on the main
rather a powered flying machine that achieves lift ideas and the specific people, things, and events you
through aerodynamic forces, allowing for sustained are writing about.
flight over long distances
COHESION is also a very important aspect of academic
4. BY WHAT IT IS SIMILAR TO writing because it immediately affects the tone of your
Example: Carrot and sweet potato are both root crops writing. Cohesive writing does not mean just
which are good source of carotenoids “grammatically correct” sentences; cohesive writing
refers to the connection of your ideas both at the
5. BY EXAMPLES sentence level and at the paragraph level.
Example: Technology includes smartphones, renewable
energy sources like solar panels, and medical 3. LANGUAGE USE
advancements such as robotic surgery  It is one of the clearest indicators of a well written
text. It enables writers to effectively communicate
6. BY ORIGIN OR ETYMOLOGY ideas without confusing the reader.
Example: Biology is derived from the Greek words Levels of in Language Use:
"bios" which means life and "logos" which means study. 1. Informal/Personal - slang, local expressions, text
” It is the scientific study of living organisms and their messaging (Hey, Bes, OTW, OOTD)
interactions with the environment. 2. Standard/ Academic - widely accepted words and
phrases found in books, magazines, andnewspapers
7. BY ITS EFFECT 3. Business/ Technical - scientific terms, jargons, and
Example: Due to the global pandemic, specifically special expressions
COVID19, the world embraces the new normal. People
have become more conscious about sanitation and 4. MECHANICS - It focuses on the technicalities of the
hygiene. They now learn physical distancing in public structure. It determines errors on subject-verb
places. And, most of the people stay at home either agreement, prepositions, tenses, the grammar, spelling,
working or developing new hobbies and exploring new capitalization, abbreviations and acronyms, the use of
things numbers as part of the statement, and
the punctuation marks.
Exemplification - presents the general statement and
then provides specific and concrete examples to Types of Claims
expound on the main idea.
A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted
Classification - is used when a writer needs to sort out by all. It may be unverified or controversial to a certain
or arrange subjects into groups or categories based on degree. It is usually related to one side of the issue.
their common and shared characteristics Claim is also called a position. A claim is argumentative
and specific.

Properties of a Well-Written Text 1. Claim of Fact (COF)

 It relates to statements that can be easily verified
PARAGRAPH - is a series of sentences that are and not dependent on a person’s preference.
organized, coherent, and are all related to a single  It also asserts that a condition has existed, is
topic. existing, or will exist and are based on facts or
data.
1. ORGANIZATION - Also known as arrangement, is  Facts that are universally accepted are not
achieved when ideas are logically and accurately considered claim of fact but instead a statement of
arranged with focus on the arrangement of ideas, fact.
incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a
paragraph, essay, or speech. It can be done with a
recognizable plan that defines one sentence connection
to the other sentence and paragraph to the other
paragraph.

2. COHERENCE & COHESION

2. Claim of Value (COV) - involves judgments and
evaluations. It judges whether something is good/bad,
right/wrong, just/unjust, ethical/non-ethical, etc. We
judge the worth of something.
 It attempts to prove that some things are more or
less desirable than others. Some claims of value
are simply expressions of taste, preferences, and
prejudices. The most important in proving claim of
value is by establishing standards of evaluation

3.

Claim of Policy (COP)

 Advocates a specific course of action. It asserts
that specific policies should be instituted as
solutions to problems.
Claims of policy argue that certain conditions should
exist. Almost always "should" or "ought to" or "must"
are included in this claim.