MATHEMATICS SS3

SECOND TERM
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK(S) TOPIC
1. Review of first term work: (i) Bonds and debentures (ii) Shares (iii) Rates (iv) Income tax and (v)
Value added tax.
2. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY OF STRAIGHT LINE: Cartesian coordinate (ii) plotting the linear graph
(iii) determine the distance between two coordinate points. (iv) Finding the mid-point of the line
joining two point (v) practical application of coordinate geometry.(vi) Gradient and intercept of a
straight line.
3. COORDINATE GEOMETRY OF A STRAIGHT LINE CONTINEUS: (I) Define gradient and intercepts of a
line. (ii) Find the angle between two intersecting straight lines (iii) Application of linear graphs to
real life student.
4. DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION: (I) Meaning of differentiation/ derived function (ii)
differentiation from first principle (iii) standard derivative of some basic functions.
5. DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION CONTINEUS: Rules of differentiation such as: (a) Sum
and difference (b) Product rule (c) Quotient rule. (d) Application of real situation such as Maximal,
Minima velocity, Acceleration and rate of change.
6. INTEGRATION AND EVALUATION SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION: (i) definition (ii) Method of
integration: (a) substitution method (b) partial fraction method (c) part. (iii) Application of
integration in calculating area under the curve (iv) Use of Simpson’s rule to find the area under the
curve.
7-12. Revision and Mock Examination.

WEEK 1
REVIEW OF FIRST TERM WORK
BONDS: A bond is a documentary obligation to pay a sum of money or to perform a contract.
DEBENTURE: Is a certificate that certifies an amount of money owed to someone or promises to pay of the
issuer a specific amount of money.
SHARES: is a portion of something given or allotted to someone from investment (Dividends).
RATE: a rate can be defined as a payment or levy paid to an authority or individual on the use of property
(ratable value).
INCOME TAX: This is the amount taken from salaries of workers for the services provided by the
government. Such as security, education, health roads etc.
VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT): this is a certain amount taken any goods sold or purchased by a customer.
EXAMPLE RATE
Find the rate at 85kobo in the # on the house of ratable value of #216.
SOLUTION
Value of the house #216 or 21600kobo
Amount payable on every # to the government =

= #216 x = #183.60

ASSESSMENT: (a) A man with an annual salary of #4200 has allowances of #1400. How much does he pay
each year in income tax?
(b) to raise an income of #4176000 a town declares a rate of 87 kobo in the naira. What is the ratable
value of the town?
(c) the annual rates at 73 cents in the dollar on a house are $262.80. What is the ratable value?
(d) A certain doctor has a salary of #11500. His allowances, which include the expenses of running the
practice, are #4800. Find the total amount he pays each year in tax.

WEEK 2
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
Coordinate geometry is an aspect of geometry that deals with points and lines joining them.
GRADIENT OF A LINE: This is the sloping degree of a line joining two points and it is measured by the ratio
of the increment in vertical axis to that of the horizontal axis.
B

A N

X1 X2

Gradient or slope (M) = . From the above diagram.

= . Therefore, the slope or gradient can be regarded as tangent of the inclination angle to the

Horizontal.

DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS:

This is defined as the length of the line segment joining any two points.

From the diagram above, (by Pythagoras theorem)

AB =

MID-POINT OF A LINE SEGMENT:

This is defined as the coordinates of the middle points of the line joining two points.

= , ѝ=

Mid-point = (
GRADIEND AND INTERCEPT FORM:

This is the form that includes the gradient (M) and the intercept (C) on Y-axis

Y = MX + C. where M is the gradient of the line and C is the intercept on Y-axis (Equation of the straight
line).

EXAMPLE DISTANCE

Find the distance between the points A(3,-2) and B(8,10).

SOLUTION

Distance (AB) =

= =

= =

Distance (AB) = 13

EXAMPLE MID-POINT

Find the mid- point of the line joining the points P(4,2) and Q(-5,0).

SOLUTION

Mid –point = ,

= =(

EXAMPLE GRADIENT AND INTERCEPT FORM

Determine the gradient and intercept from the equation 2x + 3y = 5.

SOLUTION

The equation of a straight line Y = mx + c

i.e. 2x +3y =5 3y = 5 - 2x

y=
Therefore, gradient (M) = , Intercept =

ASSESSMENT: Determine the solution of the following:

1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points: (i) x(3,-9) and y(-4,15) (ii) p(-2,-7)and q(8,-
9).
2. Find the gradient and intercept of the following: (i) 6y-8x+3 = 0 (ii) x + 6y – 10 = 0 (iii) 3x = 15 - 5y
3. Find the mid-points of the line joining the points: (i) (-6,-12) and (4,3) (ii) (p,q) and (q,p) (iii) (0,11)
and (12,-9).
PARALLELISM OF A STRAIGHT LINE: For any lines to be parallel, the gradient of the two lines must be equal.
i.e. .
PERPENDICULARITY OF LINES: For lines to be perpendicular or normal to each other, the product of the

two gradients must be equal to -1. i.e. or vise-visa.

EXAMPLE PARALLELISM

Find the equation of the line which pass through the point ( 1,2) and parallel to the line 4x – y = 2.

SOLUTION

4X –Y = 2 , then 4x -2 = y m=4

Parallelism

Y- = m(x - ) y – 2 = 4(x – 1)

Y -2 = 4x – 4 y = 4x – 2 or y – 4x + 2 =0 (the equation).

EXAMPLE PERPENDICULARITY

Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1,1)which is perpendicular to 2x - 3y = 4

SOLUTION

2x – 3y = 4. Then 2x -4 = 3y divide through by 3

= y. therefore, m = .

For line to be perpendicular m = i.e. m =

M= .

Equation of the line y -

Y–1= (x – 1) y–1= , (cross multiply)

2y -2 = -3x = 3 2y + 3x -5 = 0 ( the equation).

EX AMPLE INTERSECTION OF LINE.

Find the coordinate of the points at which the lines

4y =3x +2 and 8y = 9x – 5 intersect.

SOLUTION

Solving the equation simultaneously,

4y = 3x + 2 ………….. (1) X 3

8y = 9x – 5 …………… (ii) X 1

12Y = 9X + 6

8Y = 9X – 5 (-)

4Y = 11 Y= Or

Substitute the value of y in equation (1)

4 ) = 3x + 2 11 = 3x + 2

3x = 9 x=3

Therefore, the coordinate is ( 3, )

EXAMPLE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO STRAIGHT LINE.

Find the acute angle between the lines 3x +2y =1 and 4x -2y + 6 = 0.

SOLUTION

3X + 2Y = 1 2Y = 1 – 3X

Y= therefore, =

4x – 2y + 6 = o 4x + 6 = 2y

Y= = 2x + 3 therefore, =2
 = = = 2

= = =

ASSESSMENT: Determine the solution set of the following:

1. Find the equation of the which passes through the point (5,7) parallel to the line 7x +5y = 15.
2. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (-2, 1) and perpendicular to the line
4 = 2x -7y.
3. Find the angle between the two intersecting lines 3x +2y – 10 = 0 and x +6y – 10 = 0
4. Find the coordinate of the intersecting lines 5x +12y + 13 =0 and 6y – 8x + 3 = 0.
5. Find the acute angles between the following intersecting lines: (i) y =3x + 4 and y = 2x – 1 (ii) 3y = x
+ 4 and y = -3x – 4 (iii) 4y +3x = 2 and 2y –x = -3.
6. Find the equation of the lines which passes through the following pairs of points: (i) (2,4) and (5,6)

(ii) ( , 0) and (-1,2) (iii) (1,-1) and (-2,3).

Subtract the original equation from (i)

=( + 2x + x -1 – ( + x -1)
 =( + 2x + (divide through by

= + 2x + 1 i.e.

= 0 +2x + 1 = 2x + 1

STANDARD DERIVATIVE

This is the general rule for derivative function. i.e.

= na , where n is the power of x, a is the coefficient of x.

NOTE: when differentiating any function the constant value becomes zero since the derivative is with
respect to x.

EXAMPLE

Differentiate 3 -7

SOLUTION

= (3X4 - (7x3) + (1x2) + (7x1) –0

= 12 - 21 + 2x +7

ASSESSMENT: work the following question:

1. Using first principle, find the derivative of the following: (i) y = x +25 (ii) y = 5 – 7 (iii) y = – 3x
+ 65.
2. Differentiate each of the following with respect to x: (i) 6 +4 -7 + 3x -8. (ii) (3x + 2)(6x +5)

(iii) .

3. From first principle, differentiate 5x -

4. Differentiate with respect to x, .

Let v = x + 5 and =1
 =( -6)(1) + (x + 5)(4x)

= -6+ + 20x = + 20x – 6.

3. QUOTIENT RULE ( = )

Find the derivative of y =

SOLUTION

Let u = 5x + 2 and = 5, v = 3x – 4 and =3

= .

4. MAXIMA AND MINIMA RULES

The function can only be maxima if the following is satisfied: (i) f`(a) = 0 (ii) f`(a + h) < 0 (iii) f`(a-h) > 0

MINIMA if: (i) f`(b) = 0 (ii) f`(b+h) < 0 (iii) f`(b-h) > 0

EXAMPLE

Find the highest product of two numbers whose sum is 10.

SOLUTION

Let one of the number be x and the other be 10 – x

P(product) = x( 10 – x) = 10x -

= 10 – 2x f`(a) = 0, 10 – 2x = 0, X = 5

Since = -2 which is < 0, = -2(10 –(-2)) = -24

 = x(10 – x) = 5 (10 – 5) = 25.

5. VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Velocity = i.e. the rate of change of displacement with respect to time.

Acceleration = ( = .

EXAMPLE

The equation of motion of a particle along a straight line is specified by the equation x = 5 - 3 + 6t. find
the velocity and acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds if x is in meters.

SOLUTION

Velocity = = + 6 (after 2 seconds)

Velocity = 30(2 - 12(2 + 6 = 870 .

Acceleration = = - 36 (after 2s)

Acceleration = 150(2 - 36(2 = 2256 .

6. RATE OF CHANGE OF FUNCTION

Given that y = f(x), f`(x) can be interpreted as the rate of change of y with respect to x. if y increases when x
increases the rate of change with respect to x is positive but if y decreases when x increases then the rate
of change is nagetive.

EXAMPLE

The side of a square is increasing at the rate of 1cms . Find the rate of change of its area when the side
is 10cm long.

SOLUTION

Let the area of the square = . i.e. A =

 = 2x = 2x10 = 20cm

The rate of change of the side of the square =1

= = 20cm x1cms = 20 .

ASSESSMENT: Find the solution of the following:

1. A body moves along a straight line so that its distance (S) meters after t seconds is given by s = -2

+ 3t + 4. Find its acceleration when t = 2seconds.

2. Find the maximum and minimum points on the curve y =

3. The displacement xm, of a particle from a fixed point after time ts is given by x = .

(i) The times when the particle is momentarily at rest.

(ii) In , the acceleration of the particle at t = 4.

4. The side of a square changes from 10cm to 10.01cm, find approximate increase in the area of the
square.

WEEK 6

INTEGRATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION

INTEGRATION: Is defined as the anti-differentiation or is the process from the derivative form to the anti-
derivative form.

Y= + c, where a is the coefficient of x. n is the power of x and c is the constant value through

differentiation.

NOTE: when integrating = ln x + c.

EXAMPLE

=3 - x + 5, find y?

SOLUTION
Y= + c. y= +c

Y= 7+ +c= + 5x + c.

STANDARD INTEGRAL FORMS

= G(x) + c

EXAMPLE

SOLUTION

= +C

= +C +C

INTEGRATION BY ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION

EXAMPLE

SOLUTION

Let u = , = =

. =

= +c= + c.

AREA UNDER THE CURVE

The integral is called the definite integral of the function f(x) with a and b the lower and upper

limits of the integral.

EXAMPLE

Evaluate .

SOLUTION

=[ +c

= = 913.5

ASSESSMENT: Integrate the following:

1.

2. )

3.

4. Using substitution method, evaluate .

WEEK 7 – 12
MOCK AND EXAMINATION